Ukubaluleka Kokwakhiwa Kwezakhiwo Okuluhlaza
I-Pengantar
Ukuzinza kanye nokusimama kwemvelo kube yizinto ezikhathazayo kakhulu eminyakeni eyishumi edlule. Njengoba ushintsho lwesimo sezulu luba sobala kakhulu futhi imithombo yemvelo incipha, izixazululo ezinobungani nemvelo ziya ngokuya ziphuthuma. Indawo eyodwa lapho lezi zixazululo zisetshenziswa khona ngempumelelo kusezakhiweni. Ukwakhiwa okuluhlaza, noma ukwakheka okusimeme, kuyindlela yokuklama ebeka phambili ukusebenza kahle kwamandla, ukunciphisa imfucuza, kanye nokunciphisa i-carbon footprint. Lesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngokubaluleka kokwakhiwa okuluhlaza esimweni sanamuhla, kanye nezinzuzo nezinselele ezahlukahlukene ezibhekene nazo.
Incazelo kanye nezimiso zokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo eziluhlaza
Ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo okuluhlaza kuyindlela yokuklama ehlose ukunciphisa umthelela omubi wezakhiwo emvelweni nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokuphila kwabantu abahlala kuzo. Kunezimiso eziningana ezibalulekile ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo okuluhlaza, okuhlanganisa:
1. Ukusetshenziswa Kahle Kwamandla: Kuhlanganisa imiklamo esebenzisa izinsiza zemvelo ezifana nokukhanya kwelanga nomoya ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okwenziwa.
2. Ukusetshenziswa Kwezinto Ezinobungani Nemvelo: Beka phambili ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezingasetshenziswa kabusha kalula, ezinomphumela ophansi wekhabhoni, noma ezitholakala emithonjeni eqhubekayo.
3. Ukuphathwa Kwemfucuza: Nciphisa, uvuselele futhi uphathe imfucuza yokwakha futhi uqinisekise ukuphathwa kwemfucuza yasekhaya okuphumelelayo.
4. Ukuphathwa Kwamanzi: Ukuklama izinhlelo zokuphathwa kwamanzi eziphumelelayo, okuhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi emvula kanye nokwelashwa kwamanzi angcolile.
5. Induduzo Nempilo Yabahlali: Ukuklama izindawo ezinempilo nezikhululekile ezinomoya omuhle, ukukhanya kwemvelo okuhle, kanye nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezingabangela ukungcola kwangaphakathi.
Izinzuzo Zokwakha Okuluhlaza
1. Ukusebenza Kahle Kwamandla kanye nokonga Izindleko
Ngokusebenzisa izimiso zokwakha izakhiwo eziluhlaza, izakhiwo zingasebenzisa amandla ngendlela eyongayo. Ubuchwepheshe obufana namaphaneli elanga, amafasitela avikela kakhulu ukushisa, kanye nezinhlelo zokupholisa zemvelo kunganciphisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwamandla. Nakuba ukutshalwa kwezimali kokuqala kukhulu, ukwehla kwesikhathi eside kwezindleko zokusebenza kungaba yinto enkulu. Isibonelo, izakhiwo eziqinisekiswe yi-LEED (Ubuholi Emkhakheni Wamandla Nokuklama Ezemvelo) kubikwa ukuthi zigcina izindleko zamandla ziphakathi kuka-25 no-30%.
2. Ukunciphisa Ukukhishwa Kwekhabhoni
Izakhiwo zikhiqiza cishe u-39% wokukhishwa kwekhabhoni emhlabeni wonke, okwenza ukunciphisa lokhu ngokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo eziluhlaza kube yisinyathelo esibalulekile ekugcineni isimiso semvelo somhlaba wonke esilinganiselayo. Ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezisebenzisa ikhabhoni ephansi, amandla avuselelekayo, kanye nobuchwepheshe bokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni kungasiza kakhulu ekunciphiseni ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni okuphelele.
3. Ukuthuthukisa Impilo Nenhlalakahle Yabahlali
Imiklamo egxile ekuthuthukiseni ikhwalithi yomoya wangaphakathi, ukukhanya kwemvelo, kanye nezindawo zokuhlala eziluhlaza kuye kwabonakala ukuthi ithuthukisa impilo kanye nenhlalakahle yabantu abahlala kuzo. Abantu abahlala noma abasebenza ezakhiweni eziluhlaza bavame ukukhiqiza kakhulu, banezinga eliphansi lokucindezeleka, futhi bahlangabezana nezinkinga ezimbalwa zempilo yemvelo ezifana nokungezwani komzimba kanye nezifo zokuphefumula.
4. Ukuphathwa Kwemithombo Yemvelo
Ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo okuluhlaza kukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa okusimeme kwezinsiza zemvelo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi kahle, ukuphathwa kahle kwemfucuza, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla avuselelekayo. Lokhu akusizi nje kuphela ukunciphisa ingcindezi ezinsizeni zemvelo ezilinganiselwe kodwa futhi kusekela nokulondolozwa kwemvelo kwezizukulwane ezizayo.
5. Ukwenyuka Kwenani Lempahla
Izakhiwo eziluhlaza eziklanywe kahle zivame ukuba nenani eliphakeme emakethe ngenxa yokusebenza kwamandla okuthuthukisiwe kanye nekhwalithi ephezulu yokuphila. Abatshalizimali kanye nabathengi bezindlu baqaphela ngokwengeziwe ukubaluleka kokusimama futhi bazimisele ukukhokha imali eyengeziwe ngezakhiwo ezinobungani nemvelo.
Izinselele Ekusebenziseni Ukwakhiwa Kwezakhiwo Okuluhlaza
1. Izindleko Zokuqala Eziphezulu
Enye yezinselelo ezinkulu ekusebenziseni ukwakheka okuluhlaza yizindleko zokuqala eziphakeme uma kuqhathaniswa nokwakhiwa okuvamile. Nakuba izindleko zokusebenza zingaba ziphansi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izindleko zokuqala zokutshalwa kwezimali zobuchwepheshe obuluhlaza, izinto ezivikela imvelo, kanye nemiklamo eyinkimbinkimbi ngokuvamile kuyabiza kakhulu kubathuthukisi abaningi kanye nabatshalizimali.
2. Ukulinganiselwa Kolwazi Nobuchwepheshe
Ulwazi nobuchwepheshe obudingekayo ukuklama nokwakha izakhiwo eziluhlaza abusatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo emhlabeni wonke. Kwezinye izifunda, ukuntuleka kokufinyelela ubuchwepheshe bamuva kanye nokuqeqeshwa okunganele kwabasebenzi bokwakha kungaphazamisa ukuqaliswa kokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo eziluhlaza.
3. Imithethonqubo kanye namazinga ahlukahlukene
Imithethonqubo kanye nezindinganiso eziphathelene nezakhiwo eziluhlaza zingahluka kakhulu kuye ngezwe, ngisho nasemzini nomuzi. Lokhu kungenza ukusebenzisa ukwakheka kwezakhiwo eziluhlaza kube nzima futhi kudide abathuthukisi nabaklami.
4. Ukuntuleka Kolwazi Nokusekelwa
Naphezu kokuqwashisa okwandayo ngokubaluleka kokusimama kwemvelo, abaningi basantula ukuqonda noma ukuqaphela izinzuzo zokwakheka okuluhlaza. Ukusekelwa ohulumeni, izikhungo zezimali, kanye nomphakathi kubalulekile ekukhuthazeni ukwamukelwa kabanzi kwemikhuba yokwakha okuluhlaza.
5. Ukulinganiselwa Kwezinto Ezibalulekile
Akuzona zonke izinto ezinobungani nemvelo ezitholakala kabanzi, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezikude. Lokhu kunezela ezinseleleni zokuqaliswa kanye nezindleko zokuhamba ezingaba phezulu.
Izifundo Zempumelelo Yezakhiwo Eziluhlaza
1. The Edge, Amsterdam
I-Edge iyisakhiwo samahhovisi e-Amsterdam esiqashelwe njengesinye sezakhiwo ezisimeme kakhulu emhlabeni. Sisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe njengamaphaneli elanga ahlinzeka ngezidingo eziningi zamandla, uhlelo lokupholisa olusebenzayo, kanye nokukhanya kwe-LED okulawulwa yizinzwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isakhiwo sakhiwe ngohlelo lokupholisa umoya oluthuthukisa ikhwalithi yomoya wangaphakathi.
2. IBosco Verticale, eMilan
I-Bosco Verticale, noma i-Vertical Forest, iyindawo yokuhlala eMilan enemibhoshongo emibili enamabhaloni atshalwe ngezihlahla ezingaphezu kuka-900, izihlahla ezi-5.000, kanye nezitshalo eziqhakazayo ezingu-11.000. Le phrojekthi ayidali nje kuphela indawo eluhlaza enkabeni yedolobha kodwa futhi iyasiza ekunciphiseni ukungcola komoya, ukwandisa ukuhlukahluka kwezinto eziphilayo, kanye nokuvikela izakhiwo ukuze zisebenzise kahle amandla.
3. Ipaki Eliphakathi Elilodwa, eSydney
I-One Central Park eSydney ingenye isibonelo sezakhiwo eziluhlaza eziphumelelayo. Lesi sakhiwo sinezingadi eziqondile, amaphaneli elanga, futhi sisebenzisa amanzi emvula aqoqiwe okunisela nokusetshenziswa ekhaya. Umklamo waso omusha uthole imiklomelo eminingi futhi uqashelwa kabanzi ngegalelo lawo ekunciphiseni ukungcoliswa kwekhabhoni yesakhiwo.
Isiphetho
Ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo okuluhlaza kuyisinyathelo esiqhubekela phambili ekudaleni indawo eyakhiwe ngendlela eqhubekayo nenempilo. Ngokubeka phambili ukusetshenziswa kahle kwamandla, ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezinobungani nemvelo, kanye nenduduzo yokuhlala, ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo okuluhlaza kunganikeza izinzuzo eziningi zesikhathi eside kubantu kanye nemvelo. Ngenkathi kunezinselelo zokuqaliswa kokusebenza, ukuzibophezela okuhlanganyelwe okuvela kuhulumeni, imboni, kanye nomphakathi kungasheshisa ukwamukelwa nokuthuthukiswa kwemikhuba yokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo okuluhlaza. Ukutshala imali kuzakhiwo eziluhlaza akuyona nje into ebalulekile yekusasa eliqhakazile, kodwa futhi kuyithuba lokudala umhlaba onempilo futhi ozinzile.
