Ukuhlolwa Kokusebenza Kwesakhiwo Esiluhlaza
Ukwanda kolwazi ngezinkinga zemvelo kanye nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kuye kwashukumisela amaqembu amaningi ukuthi asebenzise izindlela ezintsha ezahlukene ekuphathweni kwezakhiwo nokwakhiwa. Umqondo wezakhiwo eziluhlaza, ovame ukubizwa ngokuthi "izakhiwo eziluhlaza," usuyisisombululo esibhekwa njengesisebenzayo ekunciphiseni imiphumela emibi kwezemvelo kanye nokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kahle kwamandla nezinsizakusebenza. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuhlola ukusebenza kwezakhiwo eziluhlaza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi le mibono iletha ngempela izinzuzo ezihlosiwe.
Iyini iSakhiwo Esiluhlaza?
Isakhiwo esiluhlaza siyisakhiwo noma isakhiwo esinciphisa kakhulu noma esiqeda imiphumela emibi endaweni yemvelo neyabantu. Izakhiwo eziluhlaza zakhiwe ngokucabangela izici eziningana, njengokusebenzisa kahle amandla, ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi, ikhwalithi yomoya wangaphakathi, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezinobungani nemvelo. Enye yezinhloso eziyinhloko zokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo esiluhlaza ukudala izindawo ezinempilo nezikhululekile zabahlali ngenkathi kunciphisa izingozi zemvelo.
Izindlela Zokuhlola Ukusebenza Kwesakhiwo Esiluhlaza
Ukuze kuhlolwe ukusebenza kwezakhiwo eziluhlaza, kunezindlela eziningana zokuhlola kanye nezinkomba ezingasetshenziswa, okuhlanganisa:
1. Ukusebenza Kahle Kwamandla Nokusetshenziswa Kahle Kwamanzi
Ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla namanzi kuyisibonakaliso esibalulekile sezakhiwo eziluhlaza eziphumelelayo. Ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo zokukhanyisa zemvelo, ukufakwa kwamaphaneli elanga, kanye nezinhlelo zokuvuselela amanzi kumane kuyizibonelo ezimbalwa zobuchwepheshe obusetshenzisiwe.
2. Ikhwalithi Yomoya Wangaphakathi
Izinga lomoya wangaphakathi lithinta kakhulu impilo kanye nenduduzo yabantu abahlala kulo. Ukugeleza komoya okuhle, ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zokwakha ezingakhiphi amakhemikhali emvelo aguquguqukayo, kanye nokuba khona kwezingadi zangaphakathi kungathuthukisa ikhwalithi yomoya.
3. Ukusetshenziswa Kwezinto Ezinobungani Nemvelo
Ukukhethwa kwezinto zokwakha ezingangcolisi imvelo njengezinto ezisetshenziswe kabusha, ukhuni oluqinisekisiwe, nezinto zasendaweni ezingalimazi imvelo kungenye yezinkomba eziyinhloko zokuhlola izakhiwo eziluhlaza.
4. Ukuphathwa Kwemvelo Yomhlaba
Izakhiwo eziluhlaza kumele zisebenzise umhlaba ngendlela efanele futhi zingaphazamisi imvelo ezungezile. Uphahla oluluhlaza, izingadi eziqondile, kanye nezindawo ezivulekile eziluhlaza kuyizibonelo zalokhu.
5. Ukusungula Izinto Ezintsha Nokuklama
Ukusungula izinto ezintsha kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nomklamo wezakhiwo okunciphisa umthelela emvelweni futhi wandise induduzo yomsebenzisi kuyizinto ezibalulekile ekuhloleni izakhiwo eziluhlaza.
6. Ukuphathwa Kwemfucuza
Ukunciphisa, ukusebenzisa kabusha, kanye nokuvuselela izinto ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa nokusebenza kwesakhiwo kuyizinto ezibalulekile ekuhloleni ukusebenza kwesakhiwo esiluhlaza.
Indlela Yokuhlola Ukusebenza Kwesakhiwo Esiluhlaza
Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwesakhiwo esiluhlaza kungenziwa kusetshenziswa izindlela ezilandelayo:
1. I-LEED (Ubuholi Kwezamandla Nokuklama Ezemvelo)
Lolu hlelo lokuqinisekisa, olwakhiwe yi-United States Green Building Council (USGBC), luhlola izakhiwo kusetshenziswa izindlela eziningana ezihlanganisa ukusebenza kahle kwamandla, ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi, ikhwalithi yomoya, nokuningi. Isitifiketi se-LEED sinamazinga amaningana, kusukela ku-Certified, i-Silver, i-Gold, kuya ku-Platinum.
2. I-BREEAM (Indlela Yokuhlola Imvelo Yesakhiwo Socwaningo Lwezakhiwo)
Enye yezindlela zokuhlola ezindala kakhulu zezakhiwo eziluhlaza, isitifiketi se-BREEAM siphinde sicabangele izici eziningana, okuhlanganisa impilo nenhlalakahle yabantu abahlala kuzo, ukungcola, ezokuthutha, kanye nezinto zokwakha.
3. UKUHLAZA
Lesi sitifiketi, esakhiwe e-Indonesia yi-Green Building Council Indonesia (GBCI), siyindlela eyinhloko yokuhlola izakhiwo eziluhlaza e-Indonesia. I-GREENSHIP ibheka nezici zamasiko nezemvelo zendawo ekuhlolweni kwayo.
4. Inkanyezi Yamandla
Lesi sitifiketi sigxile ekusebenziseni kahle amandla futhi sifanele izakhiwo zezentengiselwano nezezimboni. Lolu hlelo lwaqalwa yi-United States EPA kanye ne-DOE.
5. I-EDGE (Ubuhle Ekwakhiweni Ukuze Kusebenze Kahle Kakhulu)
Ithuthukiswe yi-IFC (International Finance Corporation), i-EDGE uhlelo lokuqinisekisa olulinganisa ukusebenza kahle ezicini ezintathu eziyinhloko: amandla, amanzi, kanye nezinto zokwakha.
Izibonelo Zesifundo Sesakhiwo Esiluhlaza
Izifundo zezakhiwo eziluhlaza zinganikeza isithombe esicacile sokusetshenziswa kwalomqondo ezimweni ezahlukene. Esinye isifundo esithakazelisayo yi-The Edge, isakhiwo sehhovisi e-Amsterdam, eNetherlands, esisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuphezulu ukuze kufezwe ukusetshenziswa kahle kwamandla.
Idizayinwe yi-PLP Architecture, i-Edge ithole isitifiketi se-Outstanding BREEAM. Lesi sakhiwo sisebenzisa ukukhanya kwemvelo kakhulu, sine-atrium enkulu evumela ukukhanya kwelanga ukuthi kungene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Edge ifakwe amaphaneli elanga ahlangabezana nezidingo eziningi zikagesi zesakhiwo, kanye nohlelo lokuphatha amanzi olusebenzayo.
E-Indonesia, i-BCA Tower, etholakala esifundeni sebhizinisi esimaphakathi saseJakarta, nayo iyisibonelo esihle semikhuba yokwakha eluhlaza. Lesi sakhiwo sithole isitifiketi se-GREENSHIP Gold futhi saziwa ngohlelo lwaso lokuphatha amandla olusebenzayo kanye nemikhuba yokonga amanzi. I-BCA Tower ifaka uphahla oluluhlaza kanye nezingadi eziqondile, ezingagcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ubuhle bayo kodwa futhi zisiza ekwehliseni amazinga okushisa angaphansi komhlaba.
Izinselelo Namathuba
Kunezinselele eziningana ekuqaliseni nasekuhloleni ukusebenza kwezakhiwo eziluhlaza. Izindleko zokuqala eziphezulu zivame ukuba yisithiyo esikhulu, yize empeleni zingonga izindleko zokusebenza ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuntuleka kolwazi nolwazi mayelana nezakhiwo eziluhlaza phakathi komphakathi kanye nabathuthukisi bezindawo nakho kuyisithiyo.
Kodwa-ke, ngentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe kanye nokuqwashisa okukhula ngokubaluleka kokusimama, amathuba okwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwezakhiwo eziluhlaza aya ngokuya evuleka kakhulu. Intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe bezinto zokwakha, amandla avuselelekayo, kanye nokufakwa kwedijithali ezinhlelweni zokuphatha izakhiwo kuyizici ezibalulekile ezingaqhuba ukuqaliswa kabanzi kwezakhiwo eziluhlaza.
Isiphetho
Ukuhlola ukusebenza kwezakhiwo eziluhlaza kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi intuthuko ayigxili nje kuphela ezicini zomnotho kodwa nasezicini zemvelo nezenhlalo. Ngezindlela ezahlukene zokuhlola kanye nezifundo zamacala ezitholakalayo, singafunda futhi samukele imikhuba emihle kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwezakhiwo eziluhlaza. Nakuba kunezinselele, amathuba kanye nezinzuzo zesikhathi eside kwenza lo mqondo ube ngofanele futhi ubaluleke kakhulu ukuwusebenzisa.
Ukuguquka kwezakhiwo eziluhlaza kuyisinyathelo esisodwa esibalulekile ekufezeni ikusasa elizinzile nelikhululekile labo bonke.
