Ithonya Lezokuxhumana Ekusakazweni Kolwazi Lwezinto Ezivubukuliwe
Ukuthuthukiswa kwezokuxhumana nabantu eminyakeni engamashumi amabili edlule kushintshe indlela abantu abakhiqiza, ababelana ngayo, futhi abasebenzisa ngayo ulwazi. Lolu shintsho aluzange luthinte nje kuphela izindaba ezidumile njengokuzijabulisa noma ezombusazwe, kodwa luphinde lwangena emikhakheni evame ukubhekwa njenge "ekhethekile" kanye neyezemfundo, okuhlanganisa nokuvubukula. Ngenkathi ulwazi lokuvubukula lwalusakazwa kakhulu ngamajenali esayensi, izincwadi, iminyuziyamu, noma imibiko yocwaningo enokufinyelela okulinganiselwe, namuhla okutholakele kokuvubukula kungasakazwa kabanzi ngemizuzu embalwa nge-Instagram, Twitter, TikTok, YouTube, kanye ne-Facebook. Lesi simo sibe nemiphumela eyinkimbinkimbi: sivule amathuba abalulekile emfundo yomphakathi, kodwa futhi saphakamisa izinselele ezinkulu ezihlobene nokunemba, ukuvusa imizwa, kanye nokwaziswa okungaqondile.
Ushintsho Lwezinto Zakudala Nolwazi Lwezinto Eziphilayo
Isayensi yemivubukulo empeleni iyisayensi efunda ngokudlulela kubantu ngokusebenzisa izinsalela zezinto ezibonakalayo: izinto zobuciko, izici zendawo, izakhiwo zezakhiwo, kanye nezindawo. Ulwazi lwemivubukulo luhamba kancane kancane, ludinga izindlela eziqinile, futhi luhlala luvulekele ukubuyekezwa njengoba kuvela ubufakazi obusha. Kodwa-ke, lolu hlobo lolwazi luvame ukungqubuzana nomqondo wezokuxhumana, obeka phambili isivinini, isikhathi esifushane sokunaka, kanye nokuqukethwe okusabalala kalula. Lokhu kuphakamisa umbuzo obalulekile: imivubukulo ingadluliselwa kanjani ngendlela ehehayo ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukuqina kwesayensi?
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imithombo yezokuxhumana ivala igebe phakathi kwabacwaningi nomphakathi. Iminyuziyamu, izikhungo zocwaningo, imiphakathi yomlando, ngisho nabavubukuli ngabanye bangabelana ngezinqubo zokumba, imibhalo yasensimini, noma izincazelo zezinto ezidaliwe ngqo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lawa mapulatifomu afanayo asetshenziswa futhi ngama-akhawunti angaziwa noma abadali bokuqukethwe abangakwazi, abangasakaza izindaba ezingamanga mayelana "nezinto eziyimfihlo," "imiphakathi elahlekile," noma izimangalo ezingenasisekelo ze-pseudoarchaeological.
Izinzuzo Zezokuxhumana Zomphakathi Zokusabalalisa Ulwazi Lwezinto Ezivubukulayo
1. Ukwenziwa Kwentando Yeningi Kokufinyelela Olwazini
Omunye wemiphumela emihle kakhulu yezokuxhumana nabantu ukufinyelela komphakathi olwazini lwemivubukulo. Izinto ezazitholakala ngaphambilini ezindaweni zemfundo kuphela manje sezifinyeleleka kubafundi, othisha, izishoshovu zamasiko, kanye nomphakathi jikelele. Izingxoxo ezifundisayo, amavidiyo amafushane emfundo, kanye nokuvakasha okubonakalayo kwezindawo zomlando kusiza ekwandiseni ulwazi lwemivubukulo. Eqinisweni, abantu abaningi ababengenasithakazelo ekuqaleni emlandweni baba nesifiso sokwazi ngemva kokubuka okuqukethwe okufushane nokuhehayo.
2. Imfundo Yomphakathi Esebenzisana Kakhulu
Imithombo yezokuxhumana ivumela ukuxhumana okubili. Abasebenzisi bangabuza imibuzo, baxoxe, noma bagxeke, ngakho ulwazi alusekho njengomgwaqo ohamba ngakwesokudla njengezincwadi. Abavubukuli kanye nezikhungo bangacacisa ngokushesha ukungaqondani noma babhekane nesithakazelo somphakathi. Lokhu kuxhumana kubalulekile ngoba isayensi yemivubukulo ivame ukuphakamisa imibuzo ebucayi, njengaleyo ephathelene nobunikazi bamasiko, izimangalo zefa lokhokho, noma ubunikazi bezinto zobuciko.
3. Ukwandisa Ukuqwashisa Ngokulondolozwa Kwemvelo
Okuqukethwe mayelana namasayithi alimele intuthuko engekho emthethweni, ukucekelwa phansi, noma ukuphanga kungakhulisa ukuqwashisa komphakathi. Imikhankaso yedijithali ingakhuthaza ukwesekwa kokulondolozwa, kungaba ngezicelo, iminikelo, noma ingcindezi yomphakathi eziphathimandleni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umphakathi ofundile uvame ukuba nokwazisa okukhulu ngamasayithi nezinto zobuciko, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphisa amathuba omonakalo.
4. Ukubambisana kanye neSayensi Yezakhamuzi
Kwezinye izimo, imithombo yezokuxhumana isiza abacwaningi ukuthola idatha eyengeziwe. Isibonelo, izakhamuzi zabelana ngezithombe zezinto ezitholakele, izakhiwo ezindala, noma imibhalo yomndeni ehlobene nomlando wendawo. Nakuba kusadingeka ukuqinisekiswa, iminikelo yomphakathi ingacebisa ucwaningo, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni lapho imibhalo ilinganiselwe khona.
Izinselele kanye Nemiphumela Emibi
1. Ulwazi Olungelona Iqiniso kanye Nesayensi Yezinto Ezingamanga
Enye yezinkinga ezinkulu ukusabalala kwezinsolo ezingamanga, ezivame ukugoqwa ezindabeni ezimangalisayo: "iphiramidi endala kunazo zonke emhlabeni," "ubuchwepheshe bezinye izizwe," noma "ubufakazi be-Atlantis." Lolu hlobo lokuqukethwe luyasakazeka kalula ngoba luvusa umuzwa wokumangala nokuphikisana. Abantu abangajwayele ukufunda imithombo yesayensi bangathonywa futhi bakholelwe imibono yozungu. Ngenxa yalokho, ulwazi lwangempela lwemivubukulo lugqitshwa ulwazi oluthakazelisayo kakhulu.
2. Ukwenza izinto zibe lula kakhulu
Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nefomethi emfushane yezokuxhumana, ulwazi oluyinkimbinkimbi luvame ukucindezelwa kakhulu. Umongo obalulekile ungalahleka: isibonelo, umehluko phakathi kwe-hypothesis neqiniso, imikhawulo yedatha, noma ukungaqiniseki ekuchazeni. Uma okuqukethwe kuveza nje "iziphetho zokugcina" ngaphandle kwenqubo yesayensi, umphakathi ungase ungaqondi kahle ukuthi isayensi yemivubukulo ihlala inikeza izimpendulo eziqondile, kanti empeleni okutholakele okuningi kuyachaza.
3. Izingozi Eziya Kumasayithi Nasezinto Ezisetshenziswayo
Ukuthandwa kwendawo kungaheha izivakashi ngokushesha ngaphandle kokuphathwa okufanele. Lokhu kunamandla okulimaza indawo, kungaba ngokunyathelwa, ukudweba imidwebo, ukususa amatshe, noma ukulahla udoti. Okubi nakakhulu, ukusatshalaliswa kwezixhumanisi zesayithi ezingavikelekile kungaheha abaphangi. Kulesi simo, izinkundla zokuxhumana zingaba yinkemba esika nhlangothi zombili: kwandisa ukunaka kodwa futhi kwandisa usongo.
4. Okuqukethwe Kwezinto Ezithengiswayo kanye Nesivikelo Sokuchofoza
Ama-algorithm epulatifomu avame ukubeka phambili ukuzibandakanya. Ngenxa yalokho, abadali bokuqukethwe bakhuthazwa ukuba badale izihloko ezigqamile noma izindaba ezidumile, noma ngabe azinembile ngokuphelele. Izinto zakudala ziphathwa njengokuqukethwe "kokuzijabulisa," hhayi njengolwazi oludinga ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela. Lesi simo singalimaza ukwethenjwa komphakathi ezikhungweni zesayensi lapho amaqiniso angempela engahambisani nezimangalo ezisabalele.
Amasu Okuthola Ulwazi Lwezinto Ezivubukulayo Olunomthwalo Wemfanelo Olwengeziwe
Ukuze imithombo yezokuxhumana ibe ithuluzi lokufundisa elinempilo, kudingeka ukuhlanganyela okusebenzayo okuvela emaqenjini ahlukahlukene. Abavubukuli kanye nezikhungo akufanele nje babe khona lapho kwenzeka amaphutha amakhulu, kodwa futhi kufanele basungule ukuxhumana njalo nomphakathi. Okuqukethwe okuhle kufanele kufake izinkomba, kuchaze umehluko phakathi kwedatha nokuhumusha, futhi kuveze ngokwethembeka ukungaqiniseki ngolimi oluqondakala kalula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubambisana nabadali bokuqukethwe kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ulwazi lwesayensi luvezwa ngendlela ehehayo ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni ukunemba.
Ngasohlangothini lwabasebenzisi, ulwazi lwedijithali kumele luthuthukiswe. Umphakathi udinga ukujwayela ukuhlola imithombo, ukuqhathanisa izinkomba eziningi, nokungakholwa ngokushesha izimangalo "ezinhle kakhulu". Amapulatifomu ezokuxhumana nawo anesibopho sokuqinisa izinqubomgomo zawo ngokumelene namanga, ahlinzeke ngamalebula omongo, futhi asekele imithombo ethembekile, ikakhulukazi uma kukhulunywa ngefa lamasiko elisengozini.
Isiphetho
Imithombo yezokuxhumana ishintshe kakhulu isimo sokusatshalaliswa kolwazi lwezinto zakudala. Ivula amathuba amakhulu emfundo, ukwenziwa kwentando yeningi kolwazi, kanye nokwanda kokuqwashisa ngokulondolozwa kwamagugu amasiko. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuza nezinselele zangempela ezifana nokwaziswa okunganembile, i-pseudoarchaeology, ukwenza lula ngokweqile, ngisho nezingozi kumasayithi nezinto zobuciko. Isihluthulelo sisekulinganiseni: ukusebenzisa amandla emithombo yezokuxhumana ukuze kusondele isayensi yezinto zakudala emphakathini, kuyilapho kugcinwa izindinganiso zokuziphatha, ukunemba, kanye nokuvikelwa kwesikhathi esidlule. Ngokubambisana phakathi kwabacwaningi, izikhungo, abadali, amapulatifomu, kanye nomphakathi, imithombo yezokuxhumana ingaba ithuluzi elithuthukisa ukuqonda kwethu umlando wesintu, kunokuba umthombo wokudideka kanye nomonakalo wefa lamasiko.
