I-ARCHEOLOGY

Ithonya Lezokuxhumana Ekusakazweni Kolwazi Lwezinto Ezivubukuliwe Ukuthuthukiswa kwezokuxhumana kwabantu eminyakeni engamashumi amabili edlule kushintshe indlela abantu abakhiqiza, ababelana ngayo, futhi abasebenzisa ngayo ulwazi. Lolu shintsho aluzange luthinte nje kuphela izindaba ezidumile njengokuzijabulisa noma ezombusazwe, kodwa futhi lungene emikhakheni evame ukubhekwa njenge "ekhethekile" neyezemfundo, kufaka phakathi isayensi yezinto ezivubukuliwe. Ngaphambilini, ulwazi lwezinto ezivubukuliwe lwalusakazwa kakhulu ngamajenali... Funda kabanzi

Inqubomgomo Yokuvubukula Nokubuyisela Izinto Ezisetshenzisiwe I-Archaeology ayigcini nje ngokumba kanye nokutholakala kwezinto zakudala. Iphinde ibhekane nendlela umphakathi wanamuhla ochaza ngayo isikhathi esidlule, ukuthi ubani onelungelo lokugcina lelo fa, nokuthi izinto ezisetshenzisiwe zingaba kanjani imithombo yolwazi kanye nezimpawu zobunikazi. Emashumini eminyaka amuva nje, enye yezinkinga ezivelele kakhulu ezingxoxweni ze-archaeological… Funda kabanzi

Ukulandelela imvelaphi yezinto zobuciko usebenzisa ama-isotope Ukulandelela imvelaphi yezinto zobuciko—izinto zazo zokusetshenziswa, ukukhiqizwa kwazo, kanye nemizila yazo yokuhweba—kungenye yezinselele ezibalulekile ezifundweni zemivubukulo kanye nefa lamasiko. Sekuyiminyaka abacwaningi bethembele esitayeleni sobuciko, amasu okukhiqiza, kanye nomongo wezinto ezitholakele ukuze baphethe “indaba” ngemuva kwezinto zasendulo. Kodwa-ke, le ndlela ngezinye izikhathi ingaba nzima ukuhlukanisa phakathi… Funda kabanzi

Inqubo Yokuhlela Nokubonisa Izinto Ezisetshenziswa Emamyuziyamu Amamyuziyamu avame ukuqondwa njengezindawo zokugcina izinto zakudala. Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kwezindawo zokubonisa ezicocekile kanye nokukhanya okumangalisayo, kunenqubo ende enquma ukuthi kungani into esetshenziswayo ikhethwa, ukuthi inakekelwa kanjani, nokuthi indaba yayo idluliselwa kanjani emphakathini. Inqubo yokulungisa nokubonisa izinto ezisetshenziswayo akuyona nje ukuhlela izinto ukuze… Funda kabanzi

Izindawo Zemivubukulo Ezisongelwa Ukuthuthukiswa Kwengqalasizinda Ukuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda kuvame ukubonakala njengophawu lwentuthuko: imigwaqo ekhokhelwayo ifinyeza amabanga, amadamu aqinisekisa ukutholakala kwamanzi, izitimela zenza kube lula ukuhamba, futhi izindawo zezimboni zidala imisebenzi. Kodwa ngemuva kwalokhu kulandisa kokusheshisa komnotho kulele ingozi evame ukunganakwa: izindawo zemivubukulo—imikhondo ebuthakathaka yesikhathi esidlule—zingalahleka unomphela uma amaphrojekthi… Funda kabanzi

Imivubukulo kanye Nomthelela Wayo Ekwazini Kwamasiko Imivubukulo ivame ukuqondwa njengesayensi "yokumba isikhathi esidlule" - kokubili ngokoqobo nangokoqobo. Kodwa-ke, umthelela wayo udlulela ngalé kokutholakala kwezinto zobuciko, izinsalela, noma izinsalela zezakhiwo zasendulo. Imivubukulo idlala indima ebalulekile ekwakheni indlela umphakathi ozibona ngayo: ukuthi uvelaphi, yiziphi izindinganiso ozibheka njengezibalulekile, nokuthi izindaba zomlando zakhiwa kanjani kanye... Funda kabanzi

Izindlela Zokuxhasa Ngezimali Ezihlukile Zokuvubukula I-Archaeology ivame ukucatshangwa njengomsebenzi wothando: ukumba ngaphansi kwelanga elishisayo, ukuthola izinto zakudala, bese kuhlanganiswa izindaba zesikhathi esidlule. Kodwa ngaphansi kwakho konke lokho, i-archaeology iwumsebenzi wesayensi obizayo, omude, futhi odinga izinsiza ezibalulekile. Izindleko zokuhlola insimu, izimvume zocwaningo, ukulondolozwa kwezinto ezitholakele, ukuhlaziywa kwelabhorethri (isb., ukuqopha i-carbon, ukuhlaziywa... Funda kabanzi

Imibono Yezinto Ezivubukuliwe Nezinkolelo-mbono Ezidumile Zokubumbana Izinto ezivubukuliwe empeleni ziwumzamo wesayensi wokuqonda isikhathi esidlule somuntu ngokusebenzisa imikhondo yezinto ezibonakalayo: izinto zobuciko, izakhiwo, izinsalela zokudla, amathambo, izindawo, ngisho nemibhalo yasendulo. Izindlela zayo zithembele ekumbeni okulawulwayo, ekubhaleni izinsuku (isb., ukuqopha i-radiocarbon), ukuhlaziywa kwelabhorethri, ukumaka imephu, kanye nokuhumusha okuhlolwa njalo ngezinto ezintsha ezitholakele. Kodwa-ke, ngoba isikhathi esidlule sivame ukuzwakala siyimfihlakalo… Funda kabanzi

Ukusetshenziswa Kobuchwepheshe Be-Radar Kwezinto Zokuvubukula Sekuyisikhathi eside kufana nokumba, amabhulashi amancane, kanye nokutholakala kancane kancane kwezinto zobuciko. Kodwa-ke, intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe ishintshe indlela abasebenza ngayo abavubukuli. Enye yezinto ezintsha ezithinta kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe be-radar "ukubona" ​​okufihliwe ngaphansi kobuso ngaphandle kokumba kuqala. I-radar esimweni sezinto zakudala ayi... Funda kabanzi

Imivubukulo E-Antarctica Nokutholakala Okuyingqayizivele I-Antarctica ivame ukucatshangwa njengezwekazi eliyincithakalo, elimhlophe: izindawo ezingenamkhawulo zeqhwa, imimoya evuthayo, kanye namazinga okushisa aphezulu okwenza kube nzima ngabantu ukusinda isikhathi eside. Kodwa-ke, ngemuva komfanekiso "wezwekazi elingenalutho" kukhona insimu yocwaningo ethola ukunakwa okwandayo—imivubukulo yase-Antarctic. Nakuba leli zwekazi lingakaze libe nempucuko yasendulo efana… Funda kabanzi