I-ARCHEOLOGY

Ukuqomisana Okuphelele Ku-Archaeology Ukuqomisana Okuphelele Ku-archaeology kuwumzamo wokuthola ubudala bokutholakala, ungqimba lomhlabathi, noma isenzakalo esidlule ngamayunithi esikhathi ekhalenda anembile kakhulu—isibonelo, “eminyakeni engu-2.500 eyedlule” noma “cishe ngo-500 BC–200 AD.” Ngokungafani nokuqomisana okuhlobene, okumane kuhlele izinsuku ngokulandelana “kwabadala” kanye “nabancane,” ukuzama ukuqomisana okuphelele kokunikeza inombolo yonyaka… Funda kabanzi

Ukuqomisana Okuhlobene Kwezinto Zokuvubukula Ukuqomisana okuhlobene kungenye yezisekelo ezibaluleke kakhulu zezinto zokuvubukula ngoba kusiza abacwaningi ukuthi balandelele imicimbi yesikhathi esidlule ngaphandle kokudinga ukwazi usuku oluqondile. Ngokuqomisana okuhlobene, abavubukuli banganquma ukuthi ukutholwa kudala noma kuncane kunezinye izinto ezitholwe bese bezihlela ngokulandelana kwezikhathi. Le ndlela iwusizo kakhulu lapho kuqomisana… Funda kabanzi

I-Stratigraphy Ezifundweni Zemivubukulo I-Stratigraphy ingenye yemiqondo eyisisekelo kakhulu ekuvubukuleni, ikakhulukazi ekumbeni. Kalula nje, i-stratigraphy ifunda izendlalelo zenhlabathi kanye nenhlabathi ezakheka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kwabavubukuli, lezi zendlalelo azigcini nje ngokuqoqwa komhlabathi, kodwa kunalokho "ziyimibhalo egciniwe" eqopha imisebenzi yabantu, izinguquko zemvelo, izinhlekelele zemvelo, ngisho nezinqubo zesimo sezulu. Ngokuqonda... Funda kabanzi

Ucwaningo Lwezinto Ezivubukuliwe Ocwaningweni Lwangaphambi Komlando Ucwaningo lwezinto ezivubukuliwe lungenye yezindlela eziyinhloko ocwaningweni lwangaphambi komlando, oluhlose ukuthola, ukubhala phansi, nokuqonda iminonjana yemisebenzi yabantu kusukela esikhathini sangaphambi kokuba kube khona amarekhodi abhaliwe. Ngokungafani nokumba, okugxila ekuqoqweni kwedatha okujulile endaweni eyodwa, ucwaningo lugxila kakhulu ekuqoqweni kwedatha engaphezulu noma ebusweni bendawo... Funda kabanzi

Amasu Okumba Emivubukulweni Yezinto Eziphilayo Ukumba kungenye yemisebenzi eyinhloko ekuvubukulweni kwezinto zakudala. Ngokumba okuhlelekile, abavubukuli bafuna ukuthola, ukubhala phansi, nokuhumusha izinsalela zesikhathi esidlule—kusukela ezintweni ezincane ezifana nezingcezu zobumba kuya ezakhiweni ezinkulu ezifana nezisekelo zokwakha, amathuna, noma izinhlelo zokunisela zasendulo. Kodwa-ke, ukumba kungaphezu nje "kokumba uthuli." Kuyinqubo yesayensi... Funda kabanzi

Izindlela Zokucwaninga Emivubukulweni Yangaphambi Komlando I-prehistoric archaeology igatsha le-archaeology elifunda impilo yabantu ngaphambi kwamarekhodi abhaliwe. Ngenxa yokuthi azikho izincwadi ezibhaliwe zokusiqondisa, abavubukuli bangaphambi komlando kumele bathembele ebufakazini obuphathekayo njengamathuluzi amatshe, izinsalela zokudla, amathambo, iminonjana yezindawo zokuhlala, kanye nezinguquko zemvelo. Ukuze baqonde isikhathi esidlule ngokuzibophezela, ucwaningo lwe-prehistoric archaeology alukwazi... Funda kabanzi

Izindlela Zesayensi Zokuthola Izinto Eziphilayo Ngaphambi Komlando I-prehistoric archaeology yigatsha lesayensi elifunda impilo yomuntu ngaphambi kwamarekhodi abhaliwe. Ngenxa yokuthi imibhalo ebhaliwe ayitholakali, abavubukuli kumele bathembele ebufakazini obuphathekayo njengamathuluzi amatshe, izinsalela zokudla, amathambo, iminonjana yezindawo zokuhlala, kanye nezinguquko zemvelo eziqoshwe ezidakeni. Ukuze kuhunyushwe ngokunesibopho bonke lobu bufakazi, i-prehistoric archaeology isebenzisa... Funda kabanzi

Ububanzi Bezinto Zokuvubukula Zangaphambi Komlando Izinto zokuvubukula zangaphambi komlando ziyigatsha lezinto zokuvubukula ezifunda ngokuphila kwabantu ngaphambi kokufika kokubhala. Ngenxa yokuthi azikho izincwadi ezibhaliwe ezibhekisela ngqo, izinto zokuvubukula zangaphambi komlando zithembele ezintweni ezitholwe—njengamathuluzi amatshe, amathambo, izinsalela zokudla, iminonjana yokuhlala kwabantu, ngisho nezindawo ezishintshwe abantu—ukwakha kabusha indlela yokuphila, ubuchwepheshe, umnotho, isiko lezenhlalo, kanye nezinkolelo zomphakathi… Funda kabanzi

Umehluko Phakathi Kwezinto Zokuvubukula Zangaphambi Komlando kanye Nezinto Zokuvubukula Zomlando Izinto zokuvubukula yisayensi efunda abantu ngezinsalela zezinto abazishiyile, njengamathuluzi, izakhiwo, izinsalela zokudla, kanye nezindawo ezibunjwe imisebenzi yabantu. Empeleni, izinto zokuvubukula zinezigaba eziningana kanye nokukhethekile. Izigaba ezimbili ezivame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu ukuhlukanisa ukugxila kocwaningo lwezinto zokuvubukula yizinto zokuvubukula zangaphambi komlando kanye nezinto zokuvubukula zomlando. Funda kabanzi

Indima Yezinto Ezivubukulwa Ngaphambi Komlando Ekwakheni Kabusha Umlando Wabantu Izinto ezivubukulwa ngaphambi komlando zidlala indima ebalulekile emizamweni yabantu yokuqonda imvelaphi nomlando omude wempucuko. Ngokungafani nezifundo zomlando ezikhathini lapho ukubhala kwakuvamile khona, izinto ezingaphambi komlando azishiyanga marekhodi abhalwe ngqo afundeka. Ngenxa yalokho, ukwakhiwa kabusha kokuphila komuntu phakathi nalesi sikhathi kuncike ezintweni ezibonakalayo: amathuluzi amatshe, amathambo,... Funda kabanzi