Imivubukulo eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia kanye nokutholwa okubalulekile
INingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia yisifunda esinomlando ocebile noyinkimbinkimbi. Amasiko amaningi asendulo kanye nempucuko kwachuma kulesi sifunda, kwashiya izinto zobuciko, amathempeli, imibhalo eqoshiwe, kanye nezinye izindawo zakudala ezibalulekile ekuqondeni umlando wesintu. Imivubukulo eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia ithole izinto eziningi eziye zashintsha ukuqonda kwethu umlando wesifunda.
Ukuthuthukiswa Kwezinto Ezivubukulayo ENingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia
Ukuvubukula eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia kwaqala ukunakwa ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 nasekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, ikakhulukazi ngokufika kwabacwaningi baseYurophu. Isibonelo esisodwa ukutholakala kweThempeli laseBorobudur e-Indonesia nguSir Thomas Stamford Raffles ngo-1814. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, eThailand, izindaba zokuvubukula zaqala ukuphenywa ngokungathi sína ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 ngokutholakala kwemibhalo eminingi yasendulo kanye nezinye izindawo kamuva ezahlonzwa njengezinsalela zempucuko yaseDvaravati.
Intuthuko yezemivubukulo eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia yabe isithola ukwanda okukhulu engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu lama-20, ngokubandakanyeka kwabavubukuli bendawo abahlanganisa izindlela zocwaningo zanamuhla nolwazi lwendabuko. Izikhungo eziningana zocwaningo lwezemivubukulo sezisunguliwe emazweni ahlukahlukene aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia futhi ziyaqhubeka nokwenza ucwaningo kanye nokumba ukuze kwembulwe umlando wesifunda ngokujulile.
Okutholakele Okubalulekile Emazweni Amaningana
Indonesia
1. Ithempeli laseBorobudur:
Itholakala eMagelang, eCentral Java, iThempeli laseBorobudur liyithempeli lamaBuddha elisukela ekhulwini lesi-8 nelesi-9 futhi lingenye yezindawo zamasiko ezibaluleke kakhulu e-Indonesia. Imidwebo yalo eningiliziwe ilandisa izindaba zokuphila kukaBuddha futhi yembula ulwazi oluningi mayelana nokuphila komphakathi nokwenkolo kwangaleso sikhathi.
2. Indawo yaseSangiran:
Indawo yaseSangiran, etholakala eCentral Java, ingenye yezindawo ezibaluleke kakhulu ze-paleoanthropological emhlabeni. Izinto ezitholakale eSangiran zifaka phakathi izinsalela ze-Homo erectus, ezihlinzeka ngolwazi olubalulekile mayelana nokuziphendukela kwemvelo komuntu. Le ndawo iphinde ithuthukise ukuqonda kwethu izindawo zasendulo kanye nokusebenzisana kwabantu nezindawo zemvelo ezizungezile.
Thailand
1. Ban Chiang:
I-Ban Chiang, indawo ebalulekile yemivubukulo eSifundazweni sase-Udon Thani, eThailand, idume ngezinto zayo zobumba zeNkathi Yethusi. Okutholakele e-Ban Chiang kushintshe imibono eminingi yesayensi mayelana nentuthuko yobuchwepheshe basendulo eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia kanye nokusebenzisana phakathi kwemiphakathi phakathi naleso sikhathi.
2. I-Sukhothai:
Njengenhloko-dolobha yokuqala yoMbuso waseSukhothai, indawo yaseSukhothai, manje eyiNdawo Yefa Lomhlaba ye-UNESCO, igcwele amanxiwa ethempeli, izithombe zikaBuddha, nezinye izinto zobuciko ezahlukahlukene. ISukhothai inikeza ulwazi oluningi mayelana nentuthuko yobuciko, isiko, kanye nenkolo eThailand phakathi nekhulu le-13 kuya kwele-15.
Kamboja
1. I-Angkor Wat:
I-Angkor Wat eSim Reap ingenye yezakhiwo ezinkulu nezidumile zamathempeli emhlabeni. Yakhiwa yiNkosi uSuryavarman II ngekhulu le-12, i-Angkor Wat iwubuciko bokwakha baseKhmer, equkethe imininingwane yesiko lamaHindu nenkolo ngaphakathi komongo womlando waseCambodia. Ukutholwa okwengeziwe kanye nocwaningo nge-Angkor Wat kuye kwathuthukisa ukuqonda kwethu kwezepolitiki, ezomnotho, kanye nengokomoya laseCambodia phakathi nalesi sikhathi.
2. Ithempeli lasePreah Vihear:
Leli thempeli, elisemngceleni ophakathi kweCambodia neThailand, lakhiwa ngekhulu le-11 nasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-12. I-Preah Vihear inikeza ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nokwakhiwa kweKhmer futhi isebenza njengendawo ebalulekile yokubhekisela ekuqondeni ukusabalala kobuHindu eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia.
Vietnam
1. Indodana kaDong:
Le ndawo yaziwa ngezinto zayo zobuciko zethusi, okuhlanganisa nezigubhu zethusi ezidumile, ezaziyizimpawu zesimo senhlalo. Izinto ezitholwe eDong Son zibonisa izinga eliphezulu lamakhono okusebenza ngensimbi esifundeni kanye nendima ebalulekile eyadlalwa yiVietnam kumanethiwekhi okuhweba olwandle aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia.
2. Indodana Yami:
I-My Son iyithempeli lamaHindu elivela empucukweni yaseChampa. Itholakala eQuang Nam, eVietnam, le ndawo inikeza ukuqonda okujulile ngethonya lobuHindu eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, kanye nokwakhiwa okuyingqayizivele nobuciko baseChampa.
I-Filipina
1. Imbiza yeManunggul:
Lokhu okutholiwe kuyimbiza yokungcwaba etholakale eMhumeni waseManunggul, ePalawan. Ibonisa abantu ababili abagwedla isikebhe, le mbiza inikeza ubufakazi obubalulekile bemikhuba yokungcwaba yasendulo kanye nezinkolelo ezingokomoya ePhilippines.
2. Iziqhingi zaseMasbate:
Izindawo zemivubukulo eziQhingini zaseMasbate zicebile ngezinto zobuciko ezinikeza izinkomba zokuphila komphakathi, imikhuba yenkolo, kanye nobuchwepheshe babantu bomdabu basePhilippines ngaphambi kwethonya lamakoloni.
Ithonya Lokutholakele Kwezinto Zasendulo Ekuqondeni Komlando Namasiko
Lokhu okutholwe ngezinto zakudala kunikeza ukuqonda okubalulekile ngezici ezahlukene zokuphila kwangaphambilini, okuhlanganisa izakhiwo zomphakathi, izinkolelo zenkolo, ubuchwepheshe, kanye nokusebenzisana phakathi kwemiphakathi. Kusiza ekuphenduleni imibuzo mayelana nemvelaphi yemiphakathi, intuthuko yamasiko, kanye nokufuduka kanye nokuhweba phakathi kwezifunda.
Umnotho kanye nokuhweba
Izinto ezitholwe njengezinto zobuciko zobumba eBan Chiang noma izigubhu zethusi eDong Son zibonisa ukuthi kukhona amanethiwekhi amaningi okuhweba eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Lezi zinto zibonisa ukuthi abantu besifunda babengahlali bodwa, kodwa babehlanganyela ekushintshaneni ngezimpahla nemibono neminye imiphakathi e-Asia ngisho nangale kwayo.
Izinhlelo Zokukholwa kanye Nomoya
Ukutholakala kwamathempeli, imibhalo eqoshiwe, kanye nezinto zenkolo ezifana nalezo zaseBorobudur, e-Angkor Wat, naseMy Son kunikeza ukuqonda ngezinhlelo zezinkolelo kanye nengokomoya lemiphakathi yasendulo yaseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Amasiko amaHindu namaBuddha, isibonelo, ayenethonya elikhulu futhi ashiya imikhondo engabonakala nanamuhla, kokubili ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo ezinkulu kanye nasemikhuba yenkolo yansuku zonke.
Ubuchwepheshe Nobuciko
Izindawo nezinto zobuciko ezitholakale eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia zibonisa ubuchwepheshe nobuciko obuthuthukisiwe kakhulu. Ijagi laseManunggul elivela ePhilippines, isigubhu sethusi esivela eDong Son, kanye nemifanekiso eqoshiwe ebucayi eSukhothai naseBorobudur kubonisa ikhono eliphezulu lobuciko nobuchwepheshe. Lokhu kuhlola kubonisa nolwazi olubanzi kwezensimbi, ezolimo, kanye nezakhiwo.
Ukubandakanyeka Komphakathi Wendawo
Isici esibalulekile sokuthuthukiswa kwezinto zakudala zanamuhla ukubandakanyeka kwemiphakathi yendawo ocwaningweni nasekulondolozweni kwefa lamasiko. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokusiza ekulondolozweni kwezinto zakudala nezindawo kodwa futhi kuqinisa ubunjalo bamasiko nomlando bale miphakathi.
Isiphetho
Isayensi yemivubukulo eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia ithole izinto eziningi ezithuthukisa ukuqonda kwethu umlando wesifunda. Kusukela eBorobudur e-Indonesia kuya e-Angkor Wat eCambodia, kanye naseBan Chiang eThailand naseDong Son eVietnam, ukutholwa ngakunye kwenezela olunye ungqimba emlandweni oyinkimbinkimbi kanye namasiko aseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Ucwaningo lwemivubukulo alusisizi nje kuphela ukuqonda isikhathi esidlule kodwa futhi lunikeza umongo wokuhlola ubuwena kanye nentuthuko yamasiko kanye nezenhlalo yemiphakathi yanamuhla. Lokhu okutholakele kuyiminikelo ebalulekile kwisayensi namasiko omhlaba wonke, kugqamisa ukubaluleka kokubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe nakwasekhaya ekuvubukuleni imivubukulo.
