Imivubukulo e-Antarctica kanye nokutholwa okuyingqayizivele
I-Antarctica ivame ukucatshangwa njengezwekazi eliyincithakalo, elimhlophe: izindawo ezingenamkhawulo zeqhwa, imimoya evuthayo, kanye namazinga okushisa aphezulu okwenza ukuphila komuntu isikhathi eside kube nzima. Kodwa-ke, ngemuva komfanekiso "wezwekazi elingenalutho" kukhona insimu yokufunda ethola ukunakwa okwandayo—izinto zakudala zase-Antarctica. Nakuba leli zwekazi lingakaze libe nezimpucuko zasendulo njengeGibhithe noma iMesopotamia, i-Antarctica inezimpawu zomsebenzi wabantu ezibalulekile ekuqondeni umlando wokuhlola, imboni yokuzingela, isayensi yesimanje, ngisho nomthelela wesintu endaweni ebuthakathaka kakhulu yoMhlaba. Izinto zakudala zase-Antarctica yindaba yabantu abafika kamuva, beshiya izinto ezilula, kodwa ezinenjongo.
Kungani Isayensi Yemivubukulo E-Antarctica Ihlukile?
Isayensi yemivubukulo ivame ukuhlotshaniswa namanxiwa amadolobha asendulo, amathempeli, amathuna, nezinto zobuciko ezineminyaka eyizinkulungwane ubudala. I-Antarctica ayinabo abantu bomdabu futhi ayizange ihlalwe unomphela ngaphambi kwenkathi yanamuhla. Ngakho-ke, "isayensi yemivubukulo yase-Antarctic" ivame ukugxila ezinsaleleni ezisukela ekhulwini le-18 kuya kwelama-20: inkathi yokuzingela izimfene nemikhomo, inkathi yohambo lokuhlola izindawo ezishisayo, kanye nezinsuku zokuqala zeziteshi zocwaningo.
Ukuhluka kwayo kusemongweni nasezimweni zayo. Amazinga okushisa aphansi kanye nezindawo ezomile kakhulu kwezinye izindawo kungenza kube lula ukubola kwezinto eziphilayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imimoya enamandla, ukunyakaza kweqhwa, kanye neziphepho zeqhwa kungangcwaba noma kuthuthe izindawo ngendlela emangalisayo. Izinto eziningi ezitholwe emivubukulweni "ziyathuthwa" noma zifihlwe, hhayi ngezenzo zabantu banamuhla, kodwa ngamandla emvelo yase-Antarctica.
Izinyathelo Zokuqala: Abazingeli Bezimfene kanye Nemboni Yokuzingela
Ukuxhumana kokuqala kwabantu e-Antarctica naseziqhingini ezingaphansi kwe-antarctic kwakungokwezomnotho kakhulu: ukuzingela izimfene ukuze kutholakale uwoyela namagobolondo, kanye nokubamba imikhomo. Ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-18 nasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19, abazingeli bangena ezindaweni ezazibhekwa “njengezikude kakhulu” ukuze zingabhekwa ngokucophelela. Bakha amakamu esikhashana ogwini, besebenzisa imihume namadwala, noma bakha izindlu ezilula ngokhuni nangetshe.
Izinto ezitholakalayo ezivamile kulesi sikhathi zihlanganisa izinsalela zeziko, amathambo ezilwane, izingcezu zokhuni, izipikili, izingcezu zensimbi, amabhodlela engilazi, futhi ngezinye izikhathi izitsha zokupheka. Nakuba zibonakala zivamile, lezi zinto zivumela abavubukuli ukuthi bakhe kabusha indlela yokuphila yabazingeli nabaqoqi: indlela abacubungula ngayo amafutha abe uwoyela, indlela ababegcina ngayo izimpahla, ngisho nezinga lokuxhashazwa kwezilwane zasendle zasendaweni. Lolu lwazi lubalulekile ngoba ukuzingela ngobuningi kwake kunciphisa kakhulu inani lezinja zasolwandle kwezinye izindawo.
Isikhathi “Senkathi Yamaqhawe”: Izinto Zokuhlola Ezisezindaweni Ezibandayo kanye Nezinto Zokusebenza Zohambo
Esinye sezahluko ezidumile kakhulu emlandweni we-Antarctic yi-"Age of Heroic of Antarctic Exploration" (ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 kuya ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20). Amagama anjengoRobert Falcon Scott, uRoald Amundsen, no-Ernest Shackleton afanekisela isifiso somuntu sokunqoba iSouth Pole. Kwabavubukuli, le nkathi yakhiqiza izindawo nezinto zobuciko ezivame ukuzizwa "ziseduze" ngoba izindaba zabo zilotshiwe, kodwa izinsalela zabo zisabambe izimanga.
Indlu Yohambo Eqandisiwe Ngesikhathi
Amaqhugwane okuvakasha kwezinye izindawo, ikakhulukazi esifundeni saseRoss Sea, asebenza njenge "ama-time capsules" aphawulekayo. Ngaphakathi, ungathola amabhokisi, amathini okudla, amabhodlela emithi, imishini yesayensi, izingubo zoboya, izicathulo, ngisho namarekhodi noma amaphakheji abonisa ubuchwepheshe kanye nemikhuba yabathengi yangaleso sikhathi.
Amaqhugwane anjengalawa ahlukile ngoba izinto eziningi zihlala endaweni yazo, njengokungathi izakhamuzi zazo zisanda kuhamba. Abavubukuli kanye nabalondolozi bezinto bangafunda ngezinhlelo zohambo: ukuthi baletha ukudla okunjani, ukuthi bahlele kanjani indawo yabo, ukuthi yimaphi amathuluzi abawabheka njengabalulekile, nokuthi basinde kanjani emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. Ngaphandle kwenani lawo lesayensi, lezi zindawo zinokubaluleka okukhulu ngokomzwelo nangokomlando—okuhlobene nomzabalazo womuntu, ukwehluleka, nesibindi.
Ukutholwa “Okuncane” Okunenjongo
Akuzona zonke izinto ezitholakalayo ezimangalisayo eziyizakhiwo. Ngezinye izikhathi, izinto ezincane njengezipuni, amalebula ethini, izinsalela zamakhandlela, noma izingcezu zendwangu kungaveza okuningi: impilo yeqembu, ukuhlukahluka kokudla, ukufinyelela emithini, ngisho nezinguquko emasu okusinda. Ezindaweni ezimbi kakhulu, izinqumo ezincane—njengohlobo lukaphethiloli noma ukwakheka kwezicathulo—zingasho umehluko phakathi kokuphila nokufa. Imivubukulo isisiza sibone uhambo hhayi nje njengezinganekwane ezinkulu, kodwa njengokuhlangenwe nakho kwangempela kwabantu.
I-Archaeology Yanamuhla: Iziteshi Zocwaningo kanye "Nefa" Lekhulu Lama-20
Ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II, i-Antarctica yangena enkathini yocwaningo lwesayensi olujulile. Iziteshi eziningi zocwaningo zakhiwa, ezinye zashiywa futhi zathathelwa indawo, kanti ezinye zavuselelwa kakhulu. Lokhu kwaholela ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zezindawo zakudala: izinsalela zengqalasizinda yesimanje njengezindawo ezincane zezindiza, izindawo zokugcina impahla, amathangi kaphethiloli, imishini yokuxhumana, izimoto zeqhwa ezindala, ngisho nezinqwaba zemfucuza "zomlando".
Ngokuthakazelisayo, ngisho nodoti ungaba yizinto zobuciko. Izinqwaba zamathini, amabhodlela, izingxenye zomshini, nezinto zokwakha zingadalula iminonjana yobuchwepheshe, imikhuba yokusebenzisa, nokuthi amazinga emvelo ashintshe kanjani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lokho okwakubhekwa njengokujwayelekile—isibonelo, ukulahla udoti endaweni ethile—manje kubhekwa njengengozi ohlelweni lwemvelo. Ngakho-ke, izingxoxo mayelana nokuvubukulwa kwezinto zakudala e-Antarctica zivame ukuhlangana nokulondolozwa kwemvelo: yini okufanele ihlanzwe ngezizathu zemvelo, nokuthi yini okufanele ilondolozwe ngenani lomlando?
Izinto Ezitholwe Ngokuhlukile: Kusukela Ekudleni Okusemathinini Kuya Emikhondweni Yempilo Yansuku Zonke
Uma kubuzwa ukuthi “yiziphi izinto ezitholakala e-Antarctica?”, impendulo ngokuvamile ayiyona igolide noma amatshe ayigugu, kodwa kunalokho izinto ezingabantu:
1. Amathini okudla namabhodlela kusukela ngekhulu le-19/20: abonisa amaphethini okunikeza, ubuchwepheshe bokulondoloza kanye nezimpawu zokuhweba ezixhumanisa i-Antarctica nemboni yomhlaba wonke.
2. Imishini yesayensi yakudala: ama-thermometer, ama-barometer, amathuluzi esimo sezulu, amakhamera okuqala, kanye nemishini yokumaka, okubonisa intuthuko kwesayensi yasensimini.
3. Izingubo kanye nezinto zokusinda: izendlalelo zoboya, amagilavu, izicathulo, izibuko zokuzivikela, kanye nokuguqulwa okwenziwe ngezandla okusiza izazi zemivubukulo ukuqonda ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kwabantu.
4. Imidwebo, amagama abhaliwe, noma amanothi amancane: ngezinye izikhathi atholakala okhunini noma ezindongeni zezindlu—imikhondo yengqondo yesithukuthezi, ithemba, noma izimpawu zokuba khona.
5. Izinsalela zekhishi nendawo yokulala: ukwakheka kwendlu, imisindo “yokuphila kwansuku zonke” efakazela ukuthi umlando omkhulu uqukethe imikhuba emincane.
Esinye isici esiyingqayizivele yizimo zokulondolozwa. Kwezinye izindawo, izinto eziphilayo ezifana nokhuni noma izindwangu zingaphila isikhathi eside kunasezimweni ezimanzi. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yobuthakathaka bazo, lapho izindawo zivezwa izinguquko zeqhwa noma imisebenzi yabantu yesimanje, ukuwohloka kungenzeka ngokushesha.
Izinselele Zocwaningo: Isimo Sezulu, Ukuziphatha, kanye Nokuvikelwa Kwendawo
Ukwenza izinto zakudala e-Antarctica kungaphezu nje kokumba phansi. Izinselele ezibalulekile zifaka phakathi ezokuthutha ezibizayo, izinkathi zokusebenza ezimfushane, kanye nezingozi zokuphepha. Izindawo eziningi zikude neziteshi zocwaningo, futhi noma yimuphi umsebenzi kumele unciphise umthelela wawo emvelweni.
Kukhona nezinselele zomthetho zokuziphatha nezamazwe ngamazwe. I-Antarctica iphathwa ngohlaka lwamazwe ngamazwe olugcizelela ukusetshenziswa ngokuthula kanye nocwaningo lwesayensi. Ukuvikela ifa lamasiko—njengezindlu zokuvakasha—kudinga izinqubomgomo eziqinile zokulondolozwa kwemvelo. Empeleni, amaqembu okulondolozwa kwemvelo kumele alinganisele izindaba ezintathu ezibalulekile: ukugcina ubuqiniso bendawo, ukuvimbela ukungcoliswa kwemvelo, kanye nokuphatha ukuvakasha kwabantu (kufaka phakathi ezokuvakasha) ukuze kuvinjelwe umonakalo.
Ukushintsha Kwesimo Sezulu Nekusasa Lezinto Zakudala zase-Antarctic
Enye yezinkinga ezinkulu namuhla ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Njengoba iqhwa lincibilika, izingxenye zale ndawo zingadalulwa okokuqala ngqa emashumini eminyaka—okunikeza ithuba lokuthola izinto ezintsha. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuvezwa kusho nezingozi: ukhuni olwaluvikelwe ngaphambili lungawohloka ngokushesha, insimbi ingagqwala ngokushesha, futhi izakhiwo zingase zingazinzi ngenxa yokushintsha komhlabathi oqandisiwe.
Ngamanye amazwi, ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu akuyona nje inkinga yemvelo, kodwa futhi yinkinga yokulondolozwa kwefa lamasiko. Isayensi yemivubukulo yase-Antarctica isebenza kakhulu “njengomgcini wenkumbulo”—iqopha amasayithi ngokushesha okukhulu, isebenzisa imephu yedijithali, izithombe ezinezinqumo eziphezulu, ukuskena kwe-3D, kanye nezindlela ezingangenisi umonakalo ukuze kuncishiswe umonakalo.
I-Penutup
Isayensi yemivubukulo e-Antarctica ingase ingabi namaphiramidi noma amathempeli asendulo, kodwa yilapho kanye ihlukile khona. Leli zwekazi linesimo sabantu esincane kodwa esijulile: izindaba zohambo lokuzingela oluguqule imvelo, uhambo lobuqhawe oluvivinye imikhawulo yokukhuthazela, kanye nocwaningo lwesayensi olwakha ukuqonda kwethu iplanethi. Izinto eziyingqayizivele ezitholwe e-Antarctica zivame ukuba yizinto zansuku zonke—amathini, izicathulo, izinsimbi zokulinganisa, amanothi—angase athathwe kalula kwenye indawo, kodwa emaphethelweni omhlaba anikeza ubufakazi obuthule bobunzima nokukhetha kwabantu.
Kuzo zonke izinto eziqandisiwe ngaphansi kwemimoya yasezindaweni ezibandayo, sibona ukubonakaliswa kwethu: ilukuluku, isifiso sokuvelela, ukuqina, kanye nomphumela. I-Antarctica isifundisa ukuthi umlando awubhalwa njalo yimizi emikhulu nemibuso yasendulo—ngezinye izikhathi wakhiwa yizindlu ezincane eqhweni, kanye nezinto ezilula ezishiywe ngemuva ukuze zisinde.
Uma ufisa, ngingaguqula lesi sihloko sibe sesayensi kakhulu (ngezindlela zokwenza kanye nezingxenye zezinkomba), noma sithandwe kakhulu ngesitayela sokulandisa okuthakazelisayo.
