Ukushintshisana Kwamasiko Nokujwayelana Kwesiko E-Anthropology
Ukushintshisana ngamasiko kanye nokwamukela amasiko kuyimibono emibili ebalulekile ku-anthropology echaza izindlela ezahlukene amasiko asebenzisana ngazo, azivumelanise, futhi aguquke ngazo. Ezweni lanamuhla elixhumene kakhulu, ukuqonda lezi zimo sekubaluleke kakhulu. Lesi sihloko sizohlola le mibono, umehluko wayo, futhi sinikeze izibonelo zangempela zalezi zinqubo empilweni yansuku zonke.
Ukuqonda Ukushintshana Kwamasiko
Ukushintshana ngamasiko kubhekisela enkambisweni lapho abantu noma amaqembu avela emasikweni ahlukene eshintshana khona ngemibono, amasiko, izindinganiso, kanye nemikhuba. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ngokusebenzisana okuqondile njengokuhweba, ukufuduka, noma ukunqoba, kanye nangezindlela ezingaqondile njengezindaba eziningi kanye nobuchwepheshe. Ngokushintshana ngamasiko, izici ezithile zesiko elilodwa zingasetshenziswa noma ziguqulwe ngelinye, zicebise kokubili.
Ukushintshana ngamasiko kungaba yindlela eyodwa noma ehambisanayo. Isibonelo sokushintshana ngamasiko ngendlela eyodwa ukusabalala kobuchwepheshe besimanje kusuka emazweni athuthukile kuya asathuthuka ngaphandle kokushintshana okukhulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukushintshana ngamasiko okuhambisanayo kungabonakala kwezobuciko bokupheka, lapho amazwe amukela futhi ashintshe izindlela zokupheka zendabuko, njengokuthandwa komhlaba wonke kwe-sushi yaseJapan kanye nethonya le-pizza yase-Italy, eguqulwe ukuze ivumelane nokunambitheka kwendawo emazweni ahlukahlukene.
Incazelo ye-Acculturation
I-acculturation ibhekisela enkambisweni lapho isiko elilodwa lithatha khona ezinye izinto zesiko elinye, ngokuvamile ngenxa yokuxhumana okunamandla nokuqhubekayo komphakathi. Le nqubo ivame ukwenzeka lapho amasiko amabili ahlukene ehlangana isikhathi eside, isibonelo ngokufuduka, ukwakhiwa kwamakoloni, noma ezinye izehlakalo zomlando. I-acculturation ihilela ukuhlanganiswa noma ukuhlanganiswa kwezinto zamasiko, okuvame ukuphumela ezinhlotsheni ezintsha zamasiko ezixubile.
Kunemiphumela eyahlukahlukene yokukhulisa usikompilo, okuhlanganisa:
1. Ukuhlanganiswa: Lapho iqembu elilodwa lamasiko limunca ngokuphelele izici zesiko elinye kuze kube yilapho kungekho mehluko obalulekile phakathi kwalokhu okubili.
2. Ukuhlanganiswa: Lapho kwamukelwa izinto ezintsha zamasiko ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ubunjalo bamasiko bokuqala.
3. Ukuhlukana: Lapho iqembu lamasiko ligcina ubunjalo balo bamasiko futhi linciphisa ukuxhumana namanye amasiko.
4. Ukucwaswa: Uma kukhona ukwenqatshwa noma ukulahlekelwa ubuwena besiko, kungaba yisiko lokuqala noma isiko elisha.
Umehluko Phakathi Kokushintshana Kwamasiko Nokujwayelana Kwamasiko
Nakuba kokubili kuhilela ukusebenzisana kwamasiko, kunomehluko omkhulu phakathi kokushintshana ngamasiko kanye nokwamukela amasiko. Ukushintshana ngamasiko kungaba okwesikhashana futhi akuhlali kubangela ushintsho olujulile noluhlala njalo. Isibonelo, umuntu angase afunde umdanso wendabuko kwenye isiko futhi awudlale emcimbini ngaphandle kokwamukela ezinye izici zalelo siko.
Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukukhulisa amasiko kuvame ukuhilela inqubo ejulile neyinkimbinkimbi lapho izakhi zamasiko zihlanganiswa unomphela empilweni yansuku zonke. Ukukhulisa amasiko ngokuvamile akunakugwenywa uma kukhulunywa ngokuxhumana kwamasiko isikhathi eside, futhi umphumela ungaba izinguquko ezibalulekile kuwo womabili amasiko ahilelekile.
Izibonelo Zokushintshana Kwamasiko
1. Umculo Nokuzijabulisa: I-Pop ne-rock zaqala e-United States, kodwa zamukelwe futhi zashintshwa amasiko amaningi emhlabeni jikelele. Amaqembu e-rock adumile avela eJapane, eNingizimu Korea, nakwamanye amazwe afake izici zamasiko awo kulezi zinhlobo zomculo.
2. Ukupheka: Ithonya lokupheka lingenye yezibonelo ezisobala kakhulu zokushintshana ngamasiko. I-McDonald's, ama-French fries avela eMelika, manje asekhona cishe kuwo wonke amazwe emhlabeni, ivame ukushintsha imenyu yayo ukuze ifake noma ishintshe ukudla kwendawo.
3. Ulimi: IsiNgisi sesibe ulimi olusetshenziswa kakhulu emazweni amaningi, ngamagama nemishwana ethathwe ezilimini ezahlukene. IsiNgisi ngokwaso siphinde sathola amagama amaningi avela kwezinye izilimi, njenge-"café" evela esiFulentshini noma i-"emoji" evela esiJapane.
Izibonelo Zokujwayela Ukulima
1. I-Indonesia neNetherlands: Ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwe-Indonesia ngamaDashi, izinto eziningi zesiko lamaDashi zamukelwa ama-Indonesia. Isibonelo esicacile ukuba khona kwezakhiwo eziningi ezinezakhiwo zamaDashi emadolobheni afana neJakarta neBandung.
2. Ukudla KwasePeranakan: Ezifundeni ezifana ne-Indonesia, iMalaysia, neSingapore, ukujwayelana kwamasiko aseShayina naseMalaysia kukhiqize amasiko okupheka ahlukile, njengokudla kwasePeranakan. Izitsha ezifana ne-laksa noma i-babi pongteh ziyinhlanganisela yezinto zokupheka zaseMalaysia naseShayina.
3. Isiko LabaseMelika Abansundu: E-United States, ukusebenzisana phakathi kwamasiko ase-Afrika nawaseYurophu kukhiqize izinhlobo zobuciko ezihlukile, izilimi, namasiko afana nomculo we-jazz ne-blues, i-slang yase-Afrika, kanye nemikhosi ehlanganisa izici zamasiko womabili.
Inqubo Elandela Ukushintshisana Kwamasiko Nokujwayelana Kwamasiko
Inqubo yokushintshana ngamasiko kanye nokwamukela amasiko ivame ukuqondiswa abezindaba, ubuchwepheshe, izikhungo zemfundo, kanye nezinqubomgomo zikahulumeni. Namuhla, ubuchwepheshe bedijithali budlala indima ebalulekile ekusheshiseni ukushintshana ngamasiko. Amapulatifomu ezokuxhumana nabantu afana ne-Instagram ne-YouTube avumela abantu ngabanye namaqembu ukuthi babelane ngezinto zesiko labo nezilaleli zomhlaba wonke ngokuchofoza okumbalwa nje.
Ezingeni lesikhungo, ukushintshana kwabafundi, izinhlelo zokufunda kwamanye amazwe, kanye nokusebenzisana kwesayensi kwamazwe ngamazwe nakho kwenza kube lula ukushintshana ngamasiko. Ngokufanayo, izinqubomgomo zikahulumeni ezisekela ubuzwe bamasiko amaningi kanye nokwehlukahlukana kwamasiko zivame ukukhuthaza izinqubo zokukhulisa amasiko ngezindlela ezihlelekile nezihlosiwe.
Izinselele Ekushintshaneni Kwamasiko Nokujwayelana Kwamasiko
Nakuba ukushintshana ngamasiko kanye nokwamukela amasiko kuvame ukuletha izinzuzo ezifana nokuqonda okukhulu kwamasiko kanye nentuthuko yomphakathi, kungaletha nezinselele. Inselele enkulu eyodwa yinkinga yobunikazi bamasiko, okungaba ngaphansi kwengcindezi ngesikhathi senqubo yokwamukela amasiko. Lapho izakhi zamasiko zakwamanye amazwe zamukelwa ngokweqile, kungase kube nokukhathazeka ngokuthi ubunjalo bamasiko bokuqala buzoshabalala noma bulahleke.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukushintshana ngamasiko okungalingani kungaholela ekungalingani kwamandla kanye nokubusa kwamasiko. Ngokomlando, amasiko abusayo avame ukuphoqelela izindinganiso nemikhuba yawo emasikweni abuthakathaka, okungaholela ekuncipheni kwamasiko kanye nokwezenhlalo.
Isiphetho
Ukushintshana ngamasiko kanye nokwamukela amasiko kuyizinto ezishintshashintshayo ezibonisa ukusebenzisana kanye nokuguquka kwamasiko kuzo zonke izimo. Ukuqonda lezi zinqubo kubalulekile hhayi kuphela kososayensi bendabuko kodwa nakuwo wonke umuntu ohlala emiphakathini enamasiko amaningi. Ngokuqonda ukuthi amasiko asebenzisana kanjani, singakwazisa kangcono ukwehlukahlukana futhi sithole izindlela zokubhekana nezinselele ezivela ekusebenzisaneni kwamasiko.
Lesi sihloko sinikeza umbono oyisisekelo kuphela ngalesi sihloko esikhulu. Umhlaba uhlala ushintsha, kanye nezindlela amasiko asebenzisana ngazo. Ngokufunda nokujwayela njalo, singaqinisekisa ukuthi lezi zinqubo ziletha izinzuzo eziningi kunezinkinga, zicebisa izimpilo zethu ngezindlela eziningi kunalokho esingakucabanga.
