Igalelo le-Anthropology kwiSayensi Yezepolitiki
Isayensi yezepolitiki kanye ne-anthropology kuyimikhakha emibili evame ukubhekwa njengehlukile. Isayensi yezepolitiki ngokuvamile igxila ezinhlelweni zikahulumeni, inqubomgomo yomphakathi, kanye nezinqubo zezepolitiki, kuyilapho i-anthropology ifunda ngamasiko abantu, amasiko kanye nokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Kodwa-ke, empeleni, le mikhakha emibili iyahambisana, futhi iminikelo ye-anthropology kwisayensi yezepolitiki ibalulekile.
I-Anthropology inikeza umbono ohlukahlukene nocebile osisiza siqonde kangcono izici zezepolitiki. Lesi sihloko sizohlola ezinye zezindlela i-anthropology eye yaba neminikelo ebalulekile ngazo kwisayensi yezepolitiki.
1. Ukuqonda Amasiko Nezepolitiki
Enye yeminikelo ebalulekile ye-anthropology ukunikeza ukuqonda okujulile kokuthi isiko lithonya kanjani ezombusazwe. Izinqubomgomo zomphakathi kanye nezakhiwo zikahulumeni azikaze zibe khona endaweni engenamuntu yamasiko. Zihlala zithonywa yizindinganiso nezindinganiso zomphakathi ezikhona kuwo.
Ngokwesibonelo, esimweni somphakathi onamasiko amaningi, i-anthropology ingasiza ekuboneni ukuthi amaqembu ahlukahlukene ezinhlanga asebenzisana kanjani nesimiso sezepolitiki. Lokhu kuvumela abenzi bezinqubomgomo ukuthi bakhe izinqubomgomo ezibandakanya kakhulu futhi ezizwela kakhulu umehluko wamasiko.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-anthropology yezombusazwe iyasiza futhi ukuqonda ukuthi ubunikazi bobuhlanga, benkolo, kanye nobezenhlalo buthinta kanjani izintandokazi zezepolitiki kanye nokubamba iqhaza kwezepolitiki. Isibonelo, emazweni amaningi, inkolo idlala indima ebalulekile kwezepolitiki. Ngendlela ye-anthropology, ososayensi bezepolitiki bangacwaninga ukuthi izinkolelo zenkolo zithonya kanjani ukuziphatha kwabavoti kanye nesakhiwo seqembu lezepolitiki.
2. Ucwaningo Lokuqhathanisa Lwezinhlelo Zezepolitiki
Izazi ze-anthropology zivame ukwenza izifundo zokuqhathanisa zezinhlelo ezahlukene zezepolitiki emhlabeni jikelele. Ngokuqhathanisa amamodeli nemikhuba yezepolitiki kuwo wonke amasiko, zinganikeza ukuqonda okusha ngamandla nobuthakathaka besistimu ngayinye.
Isibonelo, ngezifundo ze-ethnographic, i-anthropology ingaveza amandla emiphakathini yomdabu engamelwe njalo ezifundweni zesayensi yezepolitiki ezivamile. Umehluko phakathi kwezinhlelo zezepolitiki ezisemthethweni nezingekho emthethweni kuwo wonke amasiko ungaqondwa kangcono ngelensi ye-anthropology.
Ngakho-ke, indlela yesayensi yabantu isiza ekwandiseni inkulumo kwisayensi yezepolitiki ngokunikeza umbono wokuqhathanisa ocebile nonomqondo obanzi. Lolu cwaningo lusiza futhi ukuqonda ukuthi imiqondo efana nentando yeningi, ubuholi, kanye nobulungiswa isetshenziswa futhi ihunyushwa kanjani ezimweni ezahlukene.
3. Izindlela Zocwaningo Lwekhwalithi Nezobuzwe
I-Anthropology yaziwa ngezindlela zayo zocwaningo olujulile lwekhwalithi, ikakhulukazi i-ethnography, ehilela ukubuka abahlanganyeli. Lawa masu angaguqulwa ososayensi bezepolitiki ukuze bathole ukuqonda okujulile ngezinguquko zezepolitiki emhlabeni.
I-Ethnography ivumela abacwaningi ukuthi bafunde ngaphakathi ngendlela abantu abavamile ababuka futhi babhekane ngayo nenqubo yezepolitiki. Lolu cwaningo lunganikeza ukuqonda okungenakwenzeka ukukuthola ngokuhlola okunezibalo noma ukuhlaziywa kwezibalo kuphela. Ngokuqonda izindaba nemibono yomuntu ngamunye, ososayensi bezepolitiki bangakha izinqubomgomo ezisebenza kahle nezisimeme.
Lolu hlobo lwendlela yocwaningo olusezingeni eliphezulu luphinde lusekele ucwaningo olusekelwe emibonweni eminingi, olubalulekile ekuqondeni ukuguquguquka kwezenhlalo nezepolitiki ezimweni ezahlukahlukene. Isibonelo, esifundweni sezinhlangano zomphakathi, i-ethnography ingasetshenziswa ukuhlola izisusa, amasu, kanye nemiphumela yezinhlangano ezingeni eliphansi.
4. Ukuhlaziywa Kwesakhiwo Nama-ejenti Kwezepolitiki
I-Anthropology isisiza siqonde ukuthi ezombusazwe azikhathaleli nje kuphela izikhungo ezisemthethweni njengohulumeni, iphalamende, noma amaqembu ezepolitiki kodwa futhi zihilela nabanye abalingisi bezenhlalo abahlukahlukene, njengamaqembu endabuko, abaholi benkolo, kanye nomphakathi. Lokhu kusiza ososayensi bezepolitiki ukuthi babheke ezombusazwe njengeziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi ezinezici eziningi.
Ukuhlaziywa kwesakhiwo kanye ne-ejensi kusiza ukuqonda ukuthi amandla negunya kusetshenziswa futhi kugcinwa kanjani kuwo wonke amasiko. Izazi ze-anthropology zivame ukuhlola ukuthi izakhiwo zomphakathi ezifana nemindeni, imindeni, kanye nezizwe zithonya kanjani izinqubo zezepolitiki. Isibonelo, emiphakathini eminingi yendabuko, amakhosi noma abaholi bendabuko bangasebenzisa igunya elikhulu lezepolitiki yize bengenazo izikhundla ezisemthethweni kuhulumeni.
Ngokunaka lezi zici, ososayensi bezombusazwe bangaqonda kangcono ukuguquguquka kwamandla negunya emiphakathini ehlukene, nokuthi la mandla angalungiswa kanjani kabusha noma aphikiswe kanjani yizisebenzi zomphakathi ezahlukahlukene.
5. Imibono Yomlando Nokuguquka Komphakathi
I-Anthropology iphinde ibe negalelo elikhulu ekusizeni ososayensi bezepolitiki baqonde ukuvela komlando kanye nokwezenhlalo kwezinhlelo zezepolitiki. Ngokutadisha i-anthropology yomlando kanye nokuvubukulwa kwezinto zakudala, singabona ukuthi izikhungo zezepolitiki ziye zavela kanjani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okunganikeza ukuqonda okubalulekile mayelana nokuguquguquka kwezepolitiki kwanamuhla.
Isibonelo, ukufunda impucuko yasendulo noma imiphakathi yangaphambi kwesimanje kunganikeza umongo obanzi wokuqonda intuthuko yentando yeningi, imibuso, kanye nezizwe. Ukuqonda lokhu kuthuthuka kungasiza ekwakheni imibono yezepolitiki ephelele neyesikhathi eside.
Umlando wezenhlalo unganikeza nokuqonda ngendlela ushintsho lwezenhlalo nolwezepolitiki oluvela ngayo, okuhlanganisa nokuvukela umbuso, izimpi, kanye nezinhlangano zomphakathi. Lokhu kuqonda kubalulekile ekuqondeni nasekuhleleni amasu oshintsho lwezenhlalo namuhla.
6. Ezombusazwe Zobuwena kanye Nezinhlangano Zomphakathi
Enkathini yanamuhla yokuhwebelana komhlaba wonke kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwedijithali, ezombusazwe zobunikazi kanye nezinhlangano zomphakathi ziya ngokuya zigqama. I-Anthropology idlala indima ebalulekile ekuqondeni ukuguquguquka kwalezi zinhlangano, kanye nendlela ubunikazi obuhlangene obakhiwa futhi buhlanganiswa ngayo ukuze kufezwe imigomo yezepolitiki.
Ngendlela ehlanganisa konke, i-anthropology isiza ukuqonda ukuthi ubuhlanga, ubulili, inkolo, kanye nokunye ukuthonya kanjani ezombusazwe. Isibonelo, izifundo zamacala ezinhlangano zamalungelo abantu, izinhlangano zabesifazane, noma izinhlangano zemvelo zingalukwa ngokucebile ngendlela ye-anthropology.
I-Anthropology iphinde ithuthukise isifundo sokugqugquzela umphakathi ngokugqamisa indima yemikhuba, izimpawu, kanye nemikhuba yamasiko ekwakheni ubumbano kanye nobunikazi beqembu. Lokhu kubalulekile ekuqondeni ukuthi izinhlangano zomphakathi ziphumelela noma zehluleka kanjani ekufezeni imigomo yazo yezepolitiki.
7. Ithonya Lokuhwebelana Komhlaba Wonke
I-Anthropology iphinde inikeze ukuqonda kokuthi izinqubo zokuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke zithonya kanjani ezombusazwe. Ngokutadisha ukusebenzisana phakathi kwamasiko endawo nawomhlaba wonke, i-anthropology ingasiza ososayensi bezombusazwe ukuqonda umthelela wokuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke kubunikazi besizwe, inqubomgomo yesifundazwe, kanye namandla omhlaba wonke.
Isibonelo, ucwaningo lokuhlakazeka kanye nokufuduka kunganikeza ukuqonda okusha ngokuthi imiphakathi yamazwe ngamazwe ithonya kanjani ezombusazwe emazweni amukelayo kanye namazwe amukelayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-anthropology iphinde ihlole ukuthi izinqubomgomo zamazwe ngamazwe, njengezinqubomgomo zokuhweba noma zokufuduka, zithonya kanjani ubudlelwano bezenhlalo nezepolitiki ezingeni lendawo.
Ngalokhu kuqonda, ososayensi bezepolitiki bangakha izinqubomgomo ezisabela kangcono futhi ezivumelana nezinselele zomhlaba eziyinkimbinkimbi.
Isiphetho
I-anthropology yenza iminikelo ebalulekile kwisayensi yezepolitiki. Ngokwethula imibono yamasiko, izindlela ezijulile zokuhlola, ukuhlaziywa kwesakhiwo kanye ne-agent, kanye nemibono yomlando, i-anthropology yandisa futhi icebisa ukuqonda kwethu kwezepolitiki.
Kulesi sikhathi esiyinkimbinkimbi nesixhumene kakhulu, ukubambisana phakathi kwalezi zifundo ezimbili kubaluleke kakhulu ekuqondeni nasekubhekaneni nezinselele zezepolitiki zanamuhla. Ukuhlanganiswa kwesayensi yezepolitiki kanye ne-anthropology kunikeza amandla amakhulu okuthuthukisa ukuqonda okuphelele kanye nezixazululo eziphumelelayo ezinkingeni ezahlukene zezepolitiki ezibhekene nomphakathi womhlaba namuhla.
