Ubudlelwano Phakathi Kwe-Anthropology kanye Nezinto Ezivubukulayo kanye Nomlando
I-Anthropology, i-archaeology, kanye nomlando kuyimikhakha emithathu ehlukene kodwa ehlobene eduze, ngayinye inomgomo wayo ohlukile wokuqonda isintu kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho kwabantu ngezindlela ezahlukene. Nakuba le mikhakha isebenzisa izindlela ezahlukene zokuthola ulwazi mayelana nesikhathi esidlule nesamanje, ibuye ihambisane ngezindlela eziningi. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ubudlelwano kanye nezindima ezidlalwa yilowo nalowo ekuphenyweni nasekuqondeni ukuba khona komuntu.
Ukuqonda Okuyisisekelo Kwemikhakha Emithathu Yesayensi
I-Anthropology
I-Anthropology yisayensi efunda abantu ngezici ezahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa izici zamasiko, zebhayoloji, zezilimi, kanye nezenhlalo. Lo mkhakha uhlukanisa abantu ngamagatsha amane ayinhloko: i-anthropology yezenhlalo/yamasiko, i-anthropology yemvelo/yebhayoloji, i-anthropology yezilimi, kanye ne-archeology. Umgomo oyinhloko we-anthropology ukuqonda ukuhlukahluka kwabantu kanye nobuntu esimweni esibanzi, ikakhulukazi maqondana nemikhuba yezenhlalo, izinhlelo zezinkolelo, ulimi, kanye nokuziphendukela kwemvelo kwabantu.
I-Arkeology
I-Archaeology iyigatsha le-anthropology eligxile ekutadisheni isikhathi esidlule somuntu ngokumba nokuhlaziya izinto ezibonakalayo, njengezinto zobuciko, izakhiwo, izinsalela zabantu, kanye nemikhondo yemvelo. I-Archaeology ihlose ukwakha kabusha nokuqonda izimpilo zansuku zonke, amasiko, namasiko emiphakathi yangaphambilini. Ngamasu ahlukahlukene asensimini kanye nokuhlaziywa kwelabhorethri, izazi zemivubukulo zizama ukuqoqa idatha ezosiza ekwakheni ukulandelana komlando nemicimbi.
Umlando
Umlando uwukutadisha isikhathi esidlule somuntu okusekelwe kumarekhodi abhaliwe kanye nobufakazi obunye bombhalo. Lo mkhakha ugxila kakhulu emikhondweni ebhaliwe eshiywe yimiphakathi yangaphambilini futhi uvame ukuhlukaniswa ngesikhathi (ukulandelana kwezikhathi) kanye nesifunda (indawo). Izazi-mlando zisebenzisa imithombo ehlukahlukene njengemibhalo, izincwadi, amamephu, izingobo zomlando, kanye namadayari ukwakha izindaba nokuqonda izenzakalo zomlando, ukuhlonza izimbangela nemiphumela, nokuhlola okuhlangenwe nakho komuntu ngezindlela ezahlukene.
Ubudlelwano Phakathi Kwe-Anthropology, Archaeology, kanye Nomlando
Lezi zifundo ezintathu zixhumene ngezindlela ezahlukene futhi zivame ukubambisana ukuze zinikeze isithombe esiphelele sokuhlangenwe nakho komuntu.
Izindlela Nezindlela Zokwengeza
Nakuba isifundo ngasinye sinezindlela zaso ezihlukile nezindlela, sivame ukuhlanganisa izindlela ezivela kwezinye izifundo ukuze sithuthukise ucwaningo lwaso. Isibonelo:
– Ukuvubukula kuncike emlandweni obhaliwe: Izinto eziningi ezitholwe emivubukulweni zingaqondwa ngokugcwele kuphela uma zixhunyaniswe namarekhodi omlando akhona. Isibonelo, ukutholakala kombhalo noma itshe kuzosetshenziswa izazi-mlando ukuqonda umongo wezepolitiki noma wezenhlalo wento.
– I-anthropology yamasiko isebenzisa i-archaeology: Izazi ze-anthropology yamasiko zingasebenzisa idatha ye-archaeology ukuze zithole ukuqonda ngemiphakathi yangaphambi kwesimanje engenawo amarekhodi abhaliwe. Isibonelo, ukwakha kabusha izimpilo zemiphakathi yasendulo ngezinto zobuciko ezitholakala ezindaweni ze-archaeology.
Ukwembulwa Kwezindaba Zabantu
Lezi zifundo ezintathu zinegalelo ekwakheni indaba ebanzi yomlando wesintu. Nakuba umlando uvame ukugxila ezenzakalweni ezinkulu ezibhalwe phansi njengezimpi, imibuso, kanye nempucuko emikhulu, i-anthropology kanye ne-archaeology kusiza ukugcwalisa izikhala ngokunikeza imibono ngempilo yansuku zonke yabantu, isiko, kanye nentuthuko yezinto eziphilayo.
– I-Anthropology igxile ekuqondeni isiko kanye nokuziphendukela kwemvelo: I-Anthropology yethula imiqondo ebalulekile njengokuzivumelanisa namasiko, ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kwabantu, ubuzwe, kanye nokuxhumana komphakathi okuvame ukunganakwa umlando wendabuko.
– Ukuvubukula kunikeza ubufakazi obuphathekayo: Ukuvubukula kuletha ubukhulu bezinto ezibonakalayo ekutadisheni umlando kanye ne-anthropology, kuhlinzeka ngezinto zobuciko nezakhiwo ezingasetshenziswa ukuqonda kabanzi ngezimpilo namasiko abantu ezinkathini ezahlukene.
Izifundo Ezihlanganisa Imikhakha Ehlukahlukene
Ucwaningo oluhlanganisa imikhakha eyahlukene phakathi kwe-anthropology, i-archaeology, kanye nomlando luye lwaveza ukutholakala okujulile kanye nokuqonda. Isibonelo, ucwaningo lwempucuko yamaMaya eMelika Ephakathi luhilele ukubandakanyeka kwazo zonke lezi zifundo ezintathu. Abavubukuli bamba futhi bahlaziye amanxiwa amadolobha amaMaya, izazi-mlando zihlola imibhalo yesandla nama-codex asekhona amaMaya, kanti izazi-mlando zamasiko zihlola izinganekwane, imikhosi, kanye nokuphila komphakathi kwabantu bamaMaya okusaphila kuze kube namuhla.
Izibonelo Eziphathekayo Zobudlelwano Phakathi Kwemikhakha Emithathu
Idolobha lasePompeii
IPompeii, idolobha laseRoma lasendulo elagqitshwa ukuqhuma kweNtaba iVesuvius ngo-79 AD, iyisibonelo sendlela izinto zakudala, umlando, kanye nesayensi yabantu ezisebenzisana ngayo. Abavubukuli baye bavubukula futhi badweba imephu yedolobha, bethola izindlu, imigwaqo, amafresco, kanye nezinto zobuciko ezinikeza isithombe esiningiliziwe sempilo yansuku zonke edolobheni laseRoma. Izazi-mlando zisebenzisa imibhalo eqoshiwe kanye nemibhalo ebhaliwe ukuze ziqonde umongo kanye nemicimbi ezungeze lezi zenzakalo. Okwamanje, izazi zezinto zakudala zihlola izinto zakudala ukuze ziqonde isakhiwo senhlalo, ukudla, impilo, kanye nokuphila komndeni kwezakhamuzi zasePompeii.
Impucuko YaseGibhithe Lasendulo
Ucwaningo lweGibhithe Lasendulo lubonisa nokubambisana okujulile phakathi kwalezi zifundo ezintathu. Izazi-mlando zithembele kuma-papyri nemibhalo eqoshiwe ukuze zilandise izindaba mayelana namakhosi, oFaro, kanye nemicimbi yomlando. Abavubukuli bamba amaphiramidi, amathempeli, namathuna, bathola izinto zobuciko kanye nezinsalela ezinikeza ukuqonda ngokwakhiwa kwaseGibhithe lasendulo, ubuciko, kanye nenkolo. Izazi ze-anthropology bese zisebenzisa lolu lwazi ukuze zitadishe impilo yansuku zonke, izinhlelo zezinkolelo, kanye nobudlelwano bezenhlalo babaseGibhithe lasendulo.
Izinselelo Namathuba
Nakuba lezi zifundo ezintathu zingasebenza kahle ndawonye, nazo zibhekene nezinselele. Enye inselele enjalo umehluko endleleni yokusebenza kanye nokugxila ocwaningweni, okungaholela ekungavumelanini ekuchazeni idatha. Isibonelo, izazi-mlando zingase zigxile kakhulu ezindabeni ezibhaliwe, kuyilapho izazi zemivubukulo zinentshisekelo kakhulu ebufakazini obungebona obungokombhalo. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlanganiswa kwalezi zinhlobo ezahlukene zedatha kuvula namathuba okuqonda okusha obekungenakwenzeka ukube lezi zifundo bezisebenza ngokwehlukana.
Isiphetho
I-anthropology, i-archaeology, kanye nomlando kuyimikhakha ehlukile kodwa ehlobene eduze, ngayinye ilwela ukuqonda isintu ngezindlela ezahlukene. Ngokuhlanganisa amandla nezindlela zaso ngasinye, singathola isithombe esiphelele nesiphelele sokuhlangenwe nakho komuntu phakathi nesikhathi nendawo. Ukubambisana phakathi kwezazi ze-anthropology, izazi ze-archaeology, kanye nezazi-mlando akugcini nje ngokucebisa ulwazi lwethu ngesikhathi esidlule kodwa futhi kusinikeza ukuqonda okujulile ngesintu kumongo waso obanzi.
