Imiphumela ye-Anthropology ekuklanyweni komkhiqizo kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha
Emakethe encintisana kakhulu, impumelelo yomkhiqizo ayisanqunywa kuphela ubungcweti bezobuchwepheshe noma ukukhiqizwa okungabizi kakhulu. Imikhiqizo ehlala njalo futhi ethandwa abasebenzisi ivame ukuzalwa ukuqonda okujulile ukuziphatha kwabantu: imikhuba, izindinganiso, isiko, izimpawu, ubudlelwano bezenhlalo, kanye nomongo wempilo yansuku zonke. Yilapho i-anthropology—ucwaningo lwabantu namasiko abo—inomthelela omkhulu ekwakhiweni komkhiqizo kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha. I-anthropology isiza abaklami kanye nabasunguli bezinto ezintsha ukuthi babone “isizathu” ngemuva kokuziphatha komsebenzisi, hhayi “lokho” abakwenzayo.
I-Anthropology njengelensi yokuqonda umongo
Izindlela ze-anthropology zigcizelela ukuthi ukuziphatha komuntu akwenzeki endaweni engenalutho. Indlela abantu abadla ngayo, abasebenza ngayo, abaxhumana ngayo, noma abasebenzisa ngayo ubuchwepheshe ihlale ithonywa yizimiso zomphakathi, isakhiwo somndeni, ulimi, isigaba sezomnotho, ubulili, inkolo, ngisho nomlando womphakathi. Ekwakhiweni komkhiqizo, ukuqonda lo mongo kusivimbela ekubanjweni yizinkolelo-mbono ezivame ukuba ngamanga emhlabeni jikelele.
Isibonelo, isici "sokwabelana ngendawo" sohlelo lokusebenza singase sibhekwe njengesiwusizo ekuphepheni kwelinye izwe, kodwa sibhekwe njengosongo lobumfihlo kwelinye. Ngisho nangaphakathi kwelinye izwe, imibono ngengozi ingahluka kuye ngeminyaka, imisebenzi, noma izizinda zomphakathi. I-Anthropology isikhumbuza ukuthi umklamo obonakala "unengqondo" kumdali wawo ungase ungahambisani nomqondo wamasiko wabasebenzisi bawo.
Kusukela ocwaningweni lomsebenzisi kuya ku-ethnography: ukuhlola incazelo ngemuva kwezenzo
Indlela esondelene kakhulu ne-anthropology ezweni lokuklama yi-ethnography: ukuqaphela ngokujulile izimpilo zabasebenzisi ezindaweni zabo zangempela. Ngokungafani nezinhlolovo, ezivame ukuthembela ezimpendulweni ezicacile, i-ethnography ibamba izinto abasebenzisi ngokwabo abavame ukungazi: imikhuba, amaqhinga amancane, ukuvumelana, kanye namasu okunqoba imikhawulo.
Enkambisweni yokusungula izinto ezintsha, i-ethnography iyasiza ekwembuleni izindawo ezibuhlungu ezingakhulunywa. Isibonelo, umuntu angase angakhonondi ngokuqondile ngokupakishwa komkhiqizo, kodwa ukuqaphela kungase kwembule ukuthi badlulisela okuqukethwe njalo kwesinye isitsha ngoba kunzima ukuvula noma ukonga isikhala. Okutholakele okufana nalokhu kunengqondo kakhulu kunokubuza ukuthi, "Wanelisekile ngokupakishwa?" ngoba i-anthropology ihlola imikhuba yangempela, hhayi imibono nje kuphela.
Imikhiqizo njengezinto zobuciko zamasiko
I-Anthropology ibheka nemikhiqizo njengezinto zamasiko—izinto ezinencazelo engokomfanekiso. Omakhalekhukhwini, izingubo, izimoto, ngisho nezinhlelo zokusebenza zedijithali azigcini nje ngokusebenza njengezinto eziwusizo kodwa futhi ziphawula ubuwena, isimo, ubulungu beqembu, kanye nendlela yokuphila. Imiphumela yokuklama ijulile: ukusungula izinto ezintsha okugxile kuphela emsebenzini kungahluleka uma kungawunaki umqondo wezenhlalo.
Isibonelo, ukwakheka kwewashi elihlakaniphile akukhona nje ukwengeza izici zezempilo; kudinga futhi ukucabangela ubuhle kanye nezimpawu zesimo. Kweminye imiphakathi, amawashi angaba yingxenye ebalulekile yokubukeka okusemthethweni; kweminye, amadivayisi acwebezelayo kakhulu angabhekwa njengabukisayo. I-Anthropology isiza ukuhlukanisa lezi zincazelo ukuze imikhiqizo ingangqubuzani nezindinganiso ezivamile.
Ukusungula izinto ezintsha okubandakanya wonke umuntu futhi okuzwela amasiko
Enye yeminikelo ebalulekile ye-anthropology ukukhuthaza ukwakheka okubandakanya wonke umuntu. Imikhiqizo eminingi ayiphumeleli ngenxa yemibono emibi, kodwa ngenxa yobandlululo: imikhiqizo eklanywe ngokusekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho kweqembu elilodwa futhi inganaki izidingo zabanye. I-anthropology isifundisa ukucabangela ukuhlukahluka kwemikhuba kanye nemikhawulo, okuhlanganisa ukufinyelela ubuchwepheshe, ukufunda nokubhala, ukukhubazeka, kanye nomehluko olimini kanye nezimpawu.
Isibonelo, isixhumi esibonakalayo sohlelo lokusebenza esincike embhalweni obanzi singaba nzima kubasebenzisi abanamazinga aphansi okufunda nokubhala noma labo abakhetha izithombe ezibonakalayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izithonjana zingaba nezincazelo ezahlukene kuwo wonke amasiko. Izimpawu ezithile zesandla, imibala, noma izingathekiso zingacasula noma zidide. Umklamo ozwela amasiko ukhetha izethulo ezifanele, unikeza izinketho zokwenza kube ngokwakho, futhi ugwema indlela "efanelana nosayizi owodwa".
I-anthropology yenhlangano: ukuqonda isiko lenkampani ukuze kuqhutshwe ukusungula izinto ezintsha
Imiphumela ye-anthropology ayigcini nje ngokudlulela kubasebenzisi kodwa nasezinhlanganweni ezidala imikhiqizo. Isiko lenkampani—izindinganiso ezihambisanayo, izindlela zokuxhumana, izakhiwo zokwenza izinqumo, ngisho nobudlelwano phakathi kweminyango—ithinta kakhulu ikhwalithi yomklamo kanye nesivinini sokusungula izinto ezintsha. I-anthropology yenhlangano ingasiza ekuboneni izithiyo zamasiko: isibonelo, ukuthambekela kokusola ukwehluleka, amazinga avimba ukufaka okuvela ensimini, noma ukuzimela phakathi kwezigaba.
Ngokuqonda ukuguquguquka kwamasiko kwangaphakathi, izinkampani zingaklama izinqubo ezintsha ezinempilo: ngokubambisana, eziphindaphindayo, futhi ezivulekele ukufunda. I-Anthropology isiza ukuguqula ukuqamba okusha kusuka ohlelweni lobuchwepheshe nje kube umkhuba wezenhlalo osekelwe yimikhuba emihle yokusebenza.
Ukudala ngokubambisana kanye nokubamba iqhaza: abasebenzisi njengabalingani bokusungula izinto ezintsha
I-anthropology yesimanje ivame ukukhetha indlela yokubamba iqhaza: ukubandakanya umphakathi enqubweni yokudala. Ekwakhiweni komkhiqizo, lokhu kubonakala ekudalweni ngokubambisana, lapho abasebenzisi besebenza njengabalingani ekwakhiweni kwezinkinga, ekuhlolweni kwezibonelo, nasekucwengisiseni izixazululo. Le ndlela inciphisa ingozi yokwehluleka ngoba umkhiqizo wakhelwe phezu kweqiniso lomsebenzisi, hhayi nje ngokusekelwe ekuchazeni kwethimba labaklami.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukudala ngokubambisana kwandisa umuzwa wokuba ngumnikazi, okuholela ekwamukelweni komkhiqizo okuphezulu. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ezintweni ezintsha ezishintsha imikhuba, njengezinsizakalo zokunakekelwa kwempilo zedijithali, izinhlelo zokusebenza zemfundo, noma imikhiqizo enobungani nemvelo. Uma imiphakathi izizwa ibalulekile futhi ihilelekile, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi kushintshe ukuziphatha.
Ukuthola izidingo ezifihliwe kanye namathuba amasha okusungula izinto ezintsha
Izinto eziningi ezintsha ezinkulu aziveli ezicelweni zabasebenzisi ezicacile, kodwa ezidingweni ezifihliwe—izidingo ezingeke zichazwe ngoba abasebenzisi abakacabangi ngesisombululo. I-Anthropology ivelele ekwembuleni izidingo ezifihliwe ngokubuka isikhathi eside nokuqonda amaphethini endlela yokuphila.
Isibonelo, ezindaweni zasemadolobheni ezisheshayo, abantu bangase babonakale “bekulungele” ngezinsizakalo zokulethwa kwezidingo. Kodwa-ke, izifundo ze-anthropology zingaveza ukukhathazeka komphakathi: umuzwa wecala ngokudla okungenampilo, isidingo sokulawula ingxenye, noma isifiso sokudla ndawonye ngaphandle kokuphuma endlini. Yilapho kuvela khona amathuba okusungula izinto ezintsha: hhayi izinhlelo zokusebenza zokulethwa kwezidingo kuphela, kodwa namapulatifomu ahlanganisa ukuhlelwa kokudla okunempilo, umphakathi, kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho komphakathi.
Ukuziphatha kanye nomthelela emphakathini: ukusungula izinto ezintsha okunesibopho
I-Anthropology igcizelela futhi ukuziphatha: indlela umkhiqizo othinta ngayo ubudlelwano bezenhlalo, ukusatshalaliswa kwamandla, kanye nenhlalakahle yomphakathi. Esikhathini sedatha kanye nobuhlakani bokwenziwa, lesi sici sibaluleke kakhulu. Imikhiqizo yedijithali ingabumba ukuziphatha, ithonye imibono, futhi idale ukuncika. I-Anthropology ikhuthaza imibuzo ebalulekile: ubani ozuzayo, ubani olahlekelwayo, futhi yiziphi izindinganiso ezifakwe ekwakhiweni?
Isibonelo, ama-algorithms okuncoma angaqinisa ubandlululo uma idatha yokuqeqesha ibonisa ukungalingani kwezenhlalo. Ukwakheka kohlelo olunomthwalo wemfanelo kudinga ukucatshangelwa kokucaca, ukulawulwa kwabasebenzisi, kanye nemiphumela yesikhathi eside empilweni yengqondo kanye nobumbano lwezenhlalo. Ngokombono we-anthropology, ukusungula izinto ezintsha akugcini nje ngokuba "kusha" kodwa futhi "kufanele" abantu kanye nendawo yabo yezenhlalo.
I-Penutup
Imiphumela ye-anthropology ekwakhiweni komkhiqizo kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha ibanzi: kusukela ocwaningweni lwe-ethnographic kuya ekuqondeni izimo zomsebenzisi, kuya ekuchazeni imikhiqizo njengezinto zobuciko zamasiko, kuya ekwakhiweni okubandakanya wonke umuntu ozwela ukuhlukahluka, kuya ekuhlolweni kokuziphatha komthelela womphakathi wezobuchwepheshe. I-anthropology isiza izinkampani nabaklami ukuba baphunyuke ogibeni lokucabanga futhi babone iqiniso lomuntu lilonke—njengezidalwa zomphakathi eziphila ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi yezindinganiso, izimpawu, kanye nemikhuba.
Ekugcineni, imikhiqizo emisha akuyona nje ethuthuke kakhulu, kodwa ifaneleka kakhulu, inenjongo, futhi inesibopho. Ngokuhlanganisa i-anthropology enkambisweni yokuklama, ukusungula izinto ezintsha kungaba yinto egxile kakhulu kubantu ngomqondo ojulile: hhayi nje kubasebenzisi "njengabathengi," kodwa kubantu njengamalungu amasiko nemiphakathi eyinkimbinkimbi.
