Ubudlelwano Phakathi Kolimi Nobuntu Bamasiko
Ulimi lungenye yezici ezibaluleke kakhulu ezihlukanisa abantu nezizwe. Ngaphandle kokuba yindlela yokuxhumana, ulimi luphinde lusebenze njengesibonakaliso sobunikazi bamasiko bomphakathi. Ngolimi, izindinganiso, amasiko, kanye nefa lamasiko kudluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane. Lesi sihloko sizohlola ubudlelwano obuyinkimbinkimbi phakathi kobunikazi bolimi namasiko, nokuthi ushintsho lolimi lungathinta kanjani ukuqhubeka kwesiko lomphakathi.
Ulimi njengoMgcini Wefa Lamasiko
Imiphakathi ehlukene emhlabeni wonke inezilimi ezihlukile, ezibonisa hhayi nje indlela ezixhumana ngayo kodwa nendlela ezicabanga futhi ezenza ngayo. I-Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis, noma i-linguistic relativism hypothesis, ithi isakhiwo kanye nesilulumagama solimi kuthonya imicabango kanye nemibono yabasebenzisi balo. Isibonelo, abantu base-Inuit base-Arctic banamagama amaningi eqhwa, angewona nje amagama afanayo kodwa abonisa ngempela indlela abaqonda ngayo indawo yabo.
Emasikweni amaningi, ulimi luyindawo yokugcina izindaba zamasiko, izinganekwane, izingoma zabantu, kanye nezinkondlo eziqukethe izindinganiso zokuziphatha nezokuziphatha. Isibonelo, isiGreki Sasendulo siqukethe ama-epic aseHomeric, angaqukethe izindaba kuphela kodwa futhi neziqondiso zobuhle nesibindi ezisahlonishwa amaGreki anamuhla. Esinye isibonelo yiSanskrit emasikweni amaHindu, equkethe imibhalo engcwele njengeVedas kanye ne-Upanishads egcwele izimfundiso ezingokomoya nezefilosofi.
Ulimi Nobuwena: Izinhlangothi Ezimbili Zohlamvu Lwemali Olufanayo
Ubunjalo bendabuko buhlanganisa izinto ezahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ulimi, amasiko, ukugqoka, kanye nezinkolelo. Kodwa-ke, ulimi luvame ukuba uphawu olubonakala kakhulu noluzwakalayo lwalobu bunjalo. Ulimi oluthile alubonisi nje kuphela imvelaphi yomuntu kodwa futhi lunikeza izinkomba zesigaba sakhe senhlalo kanye nemfundo.
Ukuze sikuqonde kangcono lokhu, ake sithathe isibonelo sesiJavanese e-Indonesia. Lolu limi lunamazinga: i-Ngoko, i-Krama Madya, kanye ne-Krama Inggil. Ukusetshenziswa kwala mazinga akubonisi nje kuphela ikhono lolimi lomuntu okhulumayo kodwa futhi nenhlonipho kanye nesimo sakhe emphakathini. Abantu abasebasha basebenzisa amazinga aphezulu, njenge-Krama Inggil, lapho bekhuluma nabantu abadala njengophawu lwenhlonipho.
Ukuhwebelana Komhlaba Wonke kanye Nezinselele Zezilimi Zendawo
Esikhathini sokuhlanganiswa komhlaba wonke, ukusebenzisana phakathi kwemiphakathi ehlukene kuye kwanda ngokushesha. IsiNgisi sivame ukusetshenziswa njengolimi olusetshenziswa kakhulu emikhakheni ehlukahlukene njengokuhweba, ubuchwepheshe, kanye nemfundo yamazwe ngamazwe. Nakuba kuwusizo ekwenzeni lula ukuxhumana komhlaba wonke, lokhu kubusa kunemiphumela nasezilimini zendawo.
Izilimi zendawo noma ezincane zisengozini yokuphela njengoba izikhulumi zazo zishintshela olimini oluvamile ngezizathu ezingokoqobo, njengokufuna umsebenzi noma imfundo engcono. Ngokusho kwe-UNESCO, okwamanje kunezilimi ezingaphezu kuka-2.500 ezisengozini yokuphela. Lezi zilimi azilahlekelwa isikhala emphakathini kuphela kodwa nasemikhayeni, lapho kufanele zidluliselwe khona esizukulwaneni esilandelayo.
Imizamo Yokulondoloza Ulimi Namasiko
Ukuze kulwiwe nosongo lokuphela kolimi, kwenziwa imizamo ehlukahlukene yokulondoloza yizifundiswa, izishoshovu kanye nohulumeni. Enye indlela ephumelelayo iwukufundisa izilimi ezimbili noma izilimi eziningi ezikoleni zamabanga aphansi. Lokhu kunikeza izingane ikhono lokukhuluma ulimi lwazo lwendabuko ngenkathi zisafunda ulimi lwesizwe noma lomhlaba wonke.
Izibonelo eziphumelelayo zalezi zinhlelo zingatholakala emazweni amaningi. Isibonelo, eWales, isiWelsh sifundiswa kanye nesiNgisi ezikoleni. Ngenxa yalokho, inani labakhuluma isiWelsh liye landa kakhulu emashumini eminyaka amuva nje. Ngokwesimo sesi-Indonesia, izifunda eziningana, njengeBali neYogyakarta, nazo zisebenzise izinhlelo zemfundo ezimbili ezihlanganisa izilimi zendawo nesi-Indonesia, yize kusenezinselelo.
Ngaphandle kwemfundo, abezindaba kanye nobuchwepheshe nakho kudlala indima ebalulekile. Ukukhiqiza okuqukethwe kwendawo ngezilimi zomdabu, njengefilimu, izinhlelo zethelevishini, noma izincwadi, kungasiza ekugcineni izilimi zibalulekile futhi ziheha izizukulwane ezisencane. I-inthanethi kanye nezinkundla zokuxhumana nazo sezibe yizinkundla ezibalulekile zemiphakathi zokuhlangana nokwabelana ngolwazi ngezilimi zayo.
Ubunikazi Bezamasiko Embusweni Wakwa-Diaspora
Ubunikazi bamasiko nolimi buphinde bubonise ukuba khona kwemiphakathi yabantu abangaphandle kwezwe labo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bangamaNdiya e-United States, amaShayina eMalaysia, noma amaTurkey eJalimane, umphakathi ngamunye ohlala ngaphandle kwezwe lawo uletha ulimi namasiko acebile.
Kodwa-ke, phakathi nesidingo sokuhlanganiswa nomphakathi omusha, izilimi zomdabu zivame ukubandlululwa. Abazali be-Diaspora bangase bazame ukufundisa izingane zabo ulimi lwabo lwendabuko kanye namasiko abo, kodwa izingcindezi zomphakathi nezemfundo ezweni elisha zingenza kube nzima ukugcina ulimi lwabo lwendabuko. Ekugcineni, imiphakathi eminingi ye-Diaspora ihlangabezana nenqubo yokulahlekelwa ulimi, lapho isizukulwane sesibili singasakhulumi ulimi lwabo lwabazali ngokushelelayo.
Ukuze kuxazululwe lokhu, imiphakathi eminingi yabantu abangaphandle kwezwe isungule izikole zolimi kanye nezikhungo zamasiko ezinikeza amakilasi ezingane kanye nabantu abadala. Lokhu akuhloselwe nje ukulondoloza ulimi kodwa futhi nokugcina ubunjalo bamasiko buphila futhi bufanele.
Isikhala Sobuzwe Obuhlukahlukene
Enkathini yanamuhla, kubalulekile hhayi nje ukugcina ubuwena bolimi namasiko kodwa futhi nokwamukela ubuwena bamasiko amaningi njengento evamile. Ubuwena bamasiko amaningi buvumela umphakathi ukuthi uqaphele futhi uqonde ukuhlukahluka okukuwo. Lokhu kusho ukuhlonipha ezinye izilimi, ukufunda ngamanye amasiko, nokuqonda ukuthi ubuwena bamasiko bomuntu bungaba yinhlanganisela yamathonya ahlukahlukene.
Isibonelo esihle salokhu singabonakala eCanada, izwe elidumile ngezinqubomgomo zalo zamasiko amaningi. Izwe liyaqaphela izilimi ezimbili ezisemthethweni, isiNgisi nesiFulentshi, kodwa futhi lisekela imiphakathi yezilimi ezincane ngezinhlelo zemfundo kanye nezinye izinqubomgomo. Umphumela uba umphakathi ohlanganisa wonke umuntu lapho ubunikazi bamasiko ahlukahlukene bungahlala khona ngokuvumelana.
Isiphetho
Ulimi kanye nobunikazi bamasiko kuyizinto ezimbili ezihlobene futhi eziqinisanayo. Ulimi aluyona nje indlela yokuxhumana kodwa futhi luyindlela ebalulekile yokudlulisa nokulondoloza ifa lamasiko. Esikhathini somhlaba wonke, izilimi zendawo zibhekene nezinselele ezinkulu, kodwa kuye kwenziwa imizamo ehlukahlukene yokuzilondoloza.
Ngemfundo yolimi, abezindaba, kanye nezinqubomgomo zomphakathi ezisekela ubuzwe bamasiko amaningi, kunethemba lokuthi izilimi ezahlukene kanye nobuntu bamasiko kungasinda futhi kuchume. Ekugcineni, ukuhlukahluka kolimi namasiko kuyimpahla ebalulekile ecebisa ulwazi lwabantu futhi isisize siziqonde ngokwendawo ebanzi.
