I-Anthropology Yomculo kanye Nokumelwa Kwamasiko
I-Pendahuluan
I-anthropology yomculo isifundo esihlanganisa ithiyori ye-anthropology kanye nendlela yokufunda nomculo ukuze kuqondwe ukuthi umculo usebenza kanjani njengengxenye ebalulekile yesiko labantu. Kulesi simo, i-anthropology yomculo ibheka umculo hhayi nje njengochungechunge lwemisindo kodwa futhi njengokubonakaliswa kwamasiko okubonisa izindinganiso, amasiko, ubuwena, kanye nomlando womphakathi.
Umculo Njengesenzakalo Samasiko
Umculo uvame ukuba yindlela abantu nemiphakathi abaveza ngayo ubuwena babo. Umculo ungalandisa izindaba ngemvelaphi yeqembu lezenhlalo, ubunzima, amathemba, namaphupho. Isibonelo, umculo uyingxenye yemikhuba nemikhosi ehlukahlukene, kusukela ekuzalweni kuya emingcwabeni, kusukela emikhosini yokuvuna kuya emikhosini yenkolo. Uhlobo ngalunye lomculo ngaphakathi kwalezi zimo lunencazelo ejulile kanye nendlela yokudlulisa imiyalezo ebanzi yamasiko.
I-Ethnomusicology
I-Ethnomusicology iyigatsha lesayensi elifunda umculo ngqo ngaphakathi komongo wamasiko. Izazi zomculo we-ethnozic azifuni ukuqonda umculo ngokwawo kuphela, kodwa nemikhuba yomphakathi ewuzungezile. Ukusetshenziswa kwawo ezimweni ezahlukene zomphakathi, emasikweni, ngisho nakwezepolitiki kwenza umculo ube ngaphezu kokuzijabulisa nje kuphela, kodwa futhi ube ithuluzi lokuxhumana kanye nobunikazi.
Ukumelwa Kwamasiko Ngomculo
Ngokufanayo, umculo uyindlela evelele yokumelwa kwamasiko. Lokhu kuhlobene nendlela isiko elithile eliqondwa futhi lihunyushwa ngayo ngabantu abangaphandle kweqembu. Isibonelo, umculo we-reggae uvame ukuhlotshaniswa neJamaica kanye nokunyakaza kwamaRastafari. Nakuba i-reggae isishintshile futhi yamukelwa emhlabeni wonke, izici zesiko laseJamaica kanye nomyalezo wamaRastafari zisalokhu zimelelwe kakhulu ngaphakathi kohlobo. Ukuthuthukiswa komculo we-reggae ngaphandle kweJamaica, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuye kwasiza ekwandiseni ukuqonda kwabantu ngamasiko aseJamaica, kanti ngakolunye uhlangothi, kungenzeka ukuthi kubangele imibono ethile engafani.
Umculo Wendabuko Nokuhwebelana Komhlaba Wonke
Inkinga evame ukuphakanyiswa esifundweni se-anthropology yomculo ukuthi umculo wendabuko usinda kanjani phakathi nokuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke. Ukuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke kube nomthelela omkhulu emculweni wobuzwe nowendabuko. Kunokukhathazeka ngokuthi ukungena kwezinto zomculo zaseNtshonalanga kungalimaza ifa elicebile lomculo wendabuko, ikakhulukazi lezizwe noma izifunda ezithile. Kodwa-ke, kukhona nombono wokuthi lokhu kuxhumana kukhiqiza izinhlobo ezixubile zokudala ezicebisa kokubili.
Isibonelo, i-gamelan yase-Indonesia ithole ukuthandwa enkundleni yamazwe ngamazwe. Kodwa-ke, enkambisweni yokuzivumelanisa nokusabalalisa kwamanye amasiko, kwenzeka izinguquko, izitayela, ngisho nezinto ezingase zingabi khona ekuchazeni kwendabuko yase-Indonesia. Lokhu kusiholela ezingxoxweni mayelana nobuqiniso kanye nokumelwa, okungaba nzima kakhulu.
Umculo kanye nobuntu
Umculo uphinde udlale indima ebalulekile ekwakheni ubunikazi bomphakathi bomuntu ngamunye nobeqembu. Ngamagama, isigqi, kanye nethoni, umculo ungadala izindaba zobunikazi kanye nobunye. Lokhu kungabonakala emasikweni e-hip-hop, aqala emiphakathini yabantu abansundu baseMelika e-United States ngawo-1970. I-hip-hop yaba yindawo yokuveza amaqiniso ezenhlalo nezepolitiki, kanye nokukhungatheka.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-hip-hop iye yashintsha yaba yinto yomhlaba wonke, yaguqulwa emazweni nasemiphakathini eyahlukahlukene. Kuzo zonke izimo zendawo, izici ze-hip-hop ngezinye izikhathi ziyashintshwa ukuze zibonise izinkinga zendawo, izilimi, kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho okuhlukile kwempilo. Ngokufanayo, lokhu kubonisa indlela umculo osebenza ngayo njengendawo enamandla yokumelwa kwamasiko nezepolitiki.
Umculo Wendawo kanye Nemikhuba Yamasiko
Esinye isici esibalulekile se-anthropology yomculo ukutadisha amasiko omculo ngaphakathi kwamasiko endawo. La masiko angasukela emikhosini engcwele kuya emikhosini yomphakathi, futhi adlala indima ebalulekile ekwakheni kabusha incazelo yamasiko. Emasikweni ase-Afrika, isibonelo, izigubhu azizona nje izinsimbi zomculo kodwa futhi ziyithuluzi lokuxhumana ngokomoya elingaxhumanisa umhlaba wesintu nemimoya yokhokho.
EBali, e-Indonesia, i-gamelan isetshenziswa cishe kuyo yonke imikhosi yenkolo neyendabuko. Le nsimbi ayisebenzi nje kuphela njengokuhambisana kodwa futhi njengophawu lokuvumelana kwendawo yonke, okubonakaliswa ekuphileni kwansuku zonke kwabantu baseBalinese. Umculo kulezi zimo zemikhosi awusebenzi nje kuphela njengokuzijabulisa kodwa njengengxenye ebalulekile yokuphila okungokomoya nokwezenhlalo.
Umculo njengendlela yokubhikisha kanye noshintsho emphakathini
Umculo uvame ukusetshenziswa njengethuluzi lokuzwakalisa ukubhikisha nokukhuthaza ushintsho emphakathini. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo kuze kube sesikhathini sanamuhla, umculo ubulokhu uyindlela ebalulekile yezinhlangano zomphakathi nezepolitiki. Izingoma zokubhikisha seziyindlela yokuveza ukunganeliseki, ukulwela amalungelo abantu, kanye nokugqugquzela izixuku ukuba zishintshe.
Isibonelo esiyinhloko umculo wesintu waseMelika ngawo-1960, lapho izingoma ezifana nekaBob Dylan ethi "Blowin' in the Wind" zaba umculo wenhlangano yamalungelo omphakathi. Emazweni asathuthuka, i-lagut ngezinye izikhathi ibe ithuluzi lokumelana nemibuso ecindezelayo. EChile, ngesikhathi sempi, umculo weNueva Canción Chilena waba uhlobo olunamandla lokumelana nobushiqela.
Izitayela Zesikhathi Esizayo Ku-Anthropology Yomculo
Kunezinselele eziningi namathuba alindele ikusasa le-anthropology yomculo. Inselele enkulu ukuthi ungalondoloza kanjani ibhalansi phakathi kokulondoloza umculo wendabuko ngenkathi uhlala uvulekele ukusungula izinto ezintsha kanye noshintsho. Ngokuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe, umculo uya ngokuya uba yinto yomhlaba wonke, lapho imingcele yamasiko ifiphala khona.
Ubuchwepheshe bedijithali bushintshe kakhulu isimo somculo, bunikeza abaculi ukufinyelela okukhulu kokukhiqiza, ukusabalalisa, nokukhangisa umsebenzi wabo. Lesi simo sidala amathuba amakhulu okuhlukahluka komculo emhlabeni wonke, kodwa futhi siletha izinselele ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi ukumelwa kwamasiko okukhona kuhlala kuyiqiniso futhi kungaphambuki.
Isiphetho
I-anthropology yomculo iwumkhakha ocebile noyinkimbinkimbi ohlinzeka ngefasitela lokuthi umculo usebenza kanjani njengokubonakaliswa nokumelwa kwamasiko. Ngokuqonda umculo esimweni sawo senhlalo, samasiko, kanye nomlando, singakuqonda kangcono ukwehlukahluka kanye nokuceba kwamasiko abantu. Umculo awuyona nje inhlanganisela yesigqi kanye nomculo; futhi uyindaba ehlanganisiwe yobuwena, umzabalazo, namaphupho adlula imingcele yendawo neyesikhathi.
