Izithombe Ezidumile Zethusi Lakudala Eminyuziyamu: Izinkomba Zomlando Ohlala Njalo
Imyuziyamu yindawo lapho ifa lamasiko nomlando ligcinwa khona futhi lilondolozwe izizukulwane ezizayo. Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zobuciko eziboniswayo, izithombe zethusi zakudala zinesikhundla esikhethekile. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izithombe zethusi azibonisi nje kuphela ubuchwepheshe obungavamile kanye nobuhle bokubukeka, kodwa futhi zibonisa imibhalo yomlando eqondile mayelana nomphakathi owazidala. Lesi sihloko sizochaza ezinye zezithombe zethusi zakudala ezidumile kakhulu ezingatholakala eminyuziyamu emhlabeni jikelele, zilandelela imikhondo engaphelelwa yisikhathi yomlando ngale misebenzi yobuciko.
1. Isithombe sika-“David” sikaDonatello
I-Museo Nazionale del Bargello, eFlorence
Esinye sezithombe zethusi ezidumile kakhulu emhlabeni yisithombe sikaDonatello esithi "David." Sadalwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-15, sibonisa uDavide, umuntu waseBhayibhelini owanqoba isiqhwaga uGoliyati. Ngokungafani nesithombe sikaMichelangelo sikamabula kamuva esithi "David," inguqulo kaDonatello inamandla ahlukile, ngesitayela sayo esihle seGothic kanye nezilinganiso ezincane. Iphinde ibhekwe njengenye yemisebenzi yokuqala yobuciko eveza ubunqunu bomuntu ngendlela engokoqobo kakhulu kusukela enkathini yakudala. Ubuqiniso besithombe kanye nokunemba kokwakheka kwaso kusimema ukuthi singene ngokujulile ekuhlonipheni ubuhle besimo somuntu esasibusa ubuciko beRenaissance.
2. Isithombe esithi “Umdanso Osathane”
I-Museo Archeologico Regionale di Palermo, eSicily
Isithombe sethusi esithi “Dancing Satyr” satholakala ngengozi ngumdobi oLwandle iMedithera ngo-1998. Nakuba lesi sithombe singasaphelele—kusele umzimba kuphela—umsebenzi usabonisa ukubonakaliswa okuphilayo nokunamandla kokunyakaza. AmaSatyr ayizidalwa zezinganekwane zamaGreki, ezivame ukuhlotshaniswa nenjabulo kanye nobubi. Lesi sithombe kucatshangwa ukuthi sisukela ekhulwini lesi-3 BC. Ubuhle bokuthwebula umzuzu wokudansa ngethusi bunikeza umuzwa wokumangala ngendlela abaculi bakudala bamaGreki ababamba ngayo ukunyakaza kanye nemizwa ngendlela okunzima ukuyibumba futhi engaphelelwa yisikhathi.
3. Isithombe esithi “Perseus neNhloko yeMedusa” sikaBenvenuto Cellini
Museum: Loggia dei Lanzi, Florence
Lo msebenzi kaBenvenuto Cellini wekhulu le-16 utholakala eLoggia dei Lanzi eFlorence. Ubonisa uPerseus ephethe ikhanda likaMedusa, asanda kulinquma. UCellini wadala isithombe esinothile ngemininingwane kanye nemizwa, esibonisa amandla nesibindi sikaPerseus ekubhekaneni noMedusa, isidalwa sasenganekwaneni esinezinwele ezenziwe ngezinyoka esasingaguqula abantu bawatshe ngokubuka kwakhe. I-"Perseus enekhanda likaMedusa" iyisibonelo esivelele se-Mannerism, lapho izithombe zivezwa khona ngezitayela ezidumile kakhulu nezeqisayo, zigcizelela isici semidlalo yeshashalazi sendaba.
4. Isithombe esithi “Umshayi Webhokisi Ophumule”
I-Museo Nazionale Romano, eRoma
"Umshayi Webhokisi Ophumule" ungomunye wezibonelo ezihlaba umxhwele kakhulu zesithombe sethusi saseGrisi. Ubonisa umshayi webhokisi ehleli ngemuva komdlalo, ekhathele futhi enezibazi. Yonke imininingwane esithombeni, kusukela emisipheni ecindezelekile kuya emihuzukweni nasebusweni bakhe, idlulisela umuzwa ojulile wokuba ngokoqobo. Lesi sithombe sisibuyisela emuva esikhathini lapho ikhono lokudweba lifinyelele khona esicongweni ekudluliseni imizwa yabantu eyinkimbinkimbi. Ngalesi sithombe, singaqonda ubuhlungu, ukukhathala, kanye nenhlonipho ezwiwa abasubathi enkathini yakudala.
5. Isithombe esithi “Riace Bronze”
Imyuziyamu: I-Museo Nazionale della Magna Grecia, Reggio Calabria
Yatholakala ogwini lwaseRiace, e-Italy, ngo-1972, i-“Riace Bronzes” yakhiwa yizithombe ezimbili zamaqhawe aseGrisi ezigcinwe kahle kakhulu. Zisukela ekhulwini lesi-5 BC futhi zibhekwa njengezibonelo ezinhle kakhulu zezithombe zaseGrisi, ezibonisa ubuchwepheshe bokwenza amasu okuthunga ngethusi. Ziyaziwa ngemininingwane yazo emihle nengokoqobo, kusukela ezinweleni kuya emisipheni eqinile. Lezi zithombe azigcini nje ngokuba yimisebenzi yobuciko kodwa futhi ziwubufakazi bomlando, zinikeza ukuqonda okujulile ngobuchwepheshe kanye nobuhle baseGrisi lasendulo.
6. Isithombe esithi “Ukunqoba Okunephiko kweSamothrace”
Imyuziyamu: eLouvre, eParis
Nakuba saziwa kangcono ngokuthi isithombe semabula (izithombe eziningi zethusi nazo zinamandla), isithombe esithi "Ukunqoba Okunamaphiko kweSamothrace" asinakunakwa. Izithombe zethusi zalesi sithombe samaGreki zingatholakala eminyuziyamu emhlabeni jikelele. Lesi sithombe sibonisa uNike, unkulunkulukazi wokunqoba, enamaphiko elule, efika phambi komkhumbi. Lesi sithombe sihlonishwa ngokunemba kwaso kokunyakaza kanye namandla esiwakhiphayo. Ngisho nasezikhathini zanamuhla, isimo salesi sithombe siyaqhubeka nokuphefumulela imisebenzi eminingi yobuciko nokuklama.
7. Isithombe “soMgibeli Wenqola YaseDelphi”
Iminyuziyamu: I-Delphi Archaeological Museum, eDelphi
Lesi sithombe siyisikhumbuzo esidumile samaGreki sasendulo kusukela cishe ngo-470 BC. Sibonisa umgibeli wenqola emi kahle, egqoke izingubo zomgibeli wenqola. Satholakala ngo-1896 eduze kwethempeli lika-Apollo eDelphi, lesi sithombe sibonisa imininingwane eningiliziwe, kuze kube seqophelweni lokuthi izinkophe zamehlo aso zenziwe ngamatshe ayigugu. "Inqola Yenqola YaseDelphi" ingenye yezithombe ezimbalwa zethusi zamaGreki zasendulo ezisindile zisesimweni esicishe sibe siphelele, okunikeza umbono ocacile ngobuqhawe bezithombe zamaGreki.
Sekukonke, izithombe ze-bronze zakudala ezisemamyuziyamu omhlaba azigcini nje ngokucebisa ulwazi lwethu ngobuhle kanye namasu obuciko ezikhathini zasendulo, kodwa futhi zivula ifasitela ezimpilweni kanye nezindinganiso zemiphakathi eyadala zona. Ngalezi zithombe ze-bronze zakudala, singazizwa simangala ngekhono labaculi basendulo futhi sithole ukwazisa okujulile ngefa lamasiko abalishiye ngemuva. Njengokubonakaliswa okungapheli kwesikhathi esidlule, lezi zithombe zizohlala zikhuthaza futhi zifundisa izizukulwane ezizayo ngokubaluleka komlando nobuciko.
Iminyuziyamu ekhombisa le misebenzi ayisebenzi nje kuphela njengezindawo zokubonisa kodwa futhi njengabagcini besikhathi, igcina izindaba nobuhle besikhathi esidlule ukuze kuqhutshekwe nokubukwa nokufunda. Uhambo oluya emagalari agcwele izithombe zethusi zakudala luwuhambo oluya emlandweni wempucuko yabantu, lapho isithombe ngasinye silandisa indaba yempumelelo yobuciko kanye nokubonakaliswa kwamasiko okhokho bethu.
