עלעקטרישע ענערגיע אין קאַפּאַסיטאָר קרייזן – פּראָבלעמען און לייזונגען
1. באַשטימען די עלעקטריקאַל ענערגיע אין דעם קרייז געוויזן אין דער בילד אונטן (1 µF = 10-6 F)
באַקאַנט:
קאַפּאַסיטאָר 1 (סי1) = 3 µF 
קאַפּאַסיטאָר 2 (C2) = 1 µF
קאַפּאַסיטאָר 3 (C3) = 2 µF
קאַפּאַסיטאָר 4 (C4) = 6 µF
קאַפּאַסיטאָר 5 (C5) = 4 µF
עלעקטריק וואָולטידזש (V) = 5 וואלטס
געוואָלט: Electrical energy in circuits
לייזונג:
The equivalent capacitor :
Capacitor 2 and capacitor 3 are connected in parallel. The equivalent capacitor :
CA = C2 +C3 = 1 + 2 = 3 µF
Capacitor 1, capacitor A and capacitor 4 are connected in series. The equivalent capacitor :
1 / סיB = 1/C1 + 1/CA + 1/C4 = 1/3 + 1/3 + 1/6 = 2/6 + 2/6 + 1/6 = 5/6
CB = 6/5 µF
Capacitor B and capacitor 5 are connected in parallel. The equivalent capacitor :
C = CB +C5 = 6/5 + 4 = 6/5 + 16/4 = 24/20 + 80/20 = 104/20 = 5.2 µF
C = 5.2 X 10-6 Farad
Electrical energy in circuit :
E = ½ CV2 = ½ (5.2 x 10-6) (52) = (2.6 x 10-6)(25)
E = 65 רענטגענ 10-6 דזשאָולע
2. באַשטימען די electrical energy in capacitor circuits shown in figure below (1 µF = 10-6 F)
באַקאַנט:
קאַפּאַסיטאָר 1 (C1) = 4 µF 
קאַפּאַסיטאָר 2 (C2) = 6 µF
קאַפּאַסיטאָר 3 (C3) = 12 µF
קאַפּאַסיטאָר 4 (C4) = 2 µF
קאַפּאַסיטאָר 5 (C5) = 2 µF
Electric voltage (V) = 40 volts
געוואָלט: Electrical energy in circuits
לייזונג:
The equivalent capacitor :
Capacitor 1, capacitor 2 and capacitor 3 are connected in series. The equivalent capacitor :
1 / סיA = 1/C1 + 1/C2 + 1/C3 = 1/4 + 1/6 + 1/12 = 3/12 + 2/12 + 1/12 = 6/12
CA = 12/6 = 2 µF
Capacitor 4 and capacitor 5 are connected in series. The equivalent capacitor :
1 / סיB = 1/C4 + 1/C5 = 1/2 + 1/2 = 2/2
CB = 2/2 = 1 µF
Capacitor A and capacitor B in parallel. The equivalent capacitor :
C = CA +CB = 2 + 1 = 3 µF
C = 3 X 10-6 Farad
Electrical energy in circuits :
E = ½ CV2 = ½ (3 x 10-6) (402) = (1.5 x 10-6)(1600)
E = 2400 רענטגענ 10-6 = 2.4 רענטגענ 10-3 דזשאָולע
3. באַשטימען טhe energy stored in the electrical circuit shown in the figure below.
באַקאַנט:
קאַפּאַסיטאָר 1 (C1) = 4 פ 
קאַפּאַסיטאָר 2 (C2) = 4 פ
קאַפּאַסיטאָר 3 (C3) = 4 פ
קאַפּאַסיטאָר 4 (C4) = 4 פ
קאַפּאַסיטאָר 5 (C5) = 2 פ
Electric voltage (V) = 12 volts
געוואָלט: Electrical energy in circuits
לייזונג:
The equivalent capacitor :
Capacitor 1, capacitor 2 and capacitor 3 are connected in parallel. The equivalent capacitor :
CA = C1 +C2 +C3 = 4 + 4 + 4 = 12 F
Capacitor 4 and capacitor 5 are connected in parallel. The equivalent capacitor :
CB = C4 +C5 = 4 + 2 = 6 F
Capacitor A and capacitor B are connected in series. The equivalent capacitor :
1/C = 1/CA + 1/CB = 1/12 + 1/6 = 1/12 + 2/12 = 3/12
C = 12/3 = 4 Farad
Electrical energy in circuits :
E = ½ CV2 = ½ (4)(122) = (2)(144)
E = 288 Joule
1. פראגע: How is energy stored in a capacitor?
ענטפער: Energy in a capacitor is stored in the electric field between its plates. When a voltage is applied across a capacitor, positive charges accumulate on one plate and negative charges on the opposite plate, creating an electric field.
2. פראגע: What is the formula for the energy stored in a capacitor?
ענטפער: The energy (U) stored in a capacitor is given by �=12��2 where C is the capacitance and V is the voltage across the capacitor.
3. פראגע: What happens to the energy stored in a capacitor when the voltage is doubled?
ענטפער: Since the energy is proportional to the square of the voltage (V^2), when the voltage is doubled, the energy increases by a factor of four.
4. פראגע: Why can a charged capacitor be dangerous even if it’s disconnected from its voltage source?
ענטפער: A charged capacitor can retain its stored energy even when disconnected from its voltage source. If a conductor (or a person) comes into contact with the terminals, the stored energy can be rapidly released, potentially causing harm or damage.
5. פראגע: How does the energy stored in a capacitor change if the capacitance is halved while keeping the voltage constant?
ענטפער: If the capacitance is halved and voltage remains constant, the energy stored will also be halved, as the energy is directly proportional to the capacitance.
6. פראגע: What role does the dielectric material play in a capacitor?
ענטפער: The dielectric material increases the capacitance of the capacitor by reducing the effective electric field between the plates and also prevents charge conduction between the plates.
7. פראגע: In a series capacitor circuit, how does the total capacitance compare to the individual capacitances?
ענטפער: In a series arrangement, the inverse of the total capacitance (1/C_total) is the sum of the inverses of the individual capacitances. This means the total capacitance in a series configuration is always less than the smallest capacitance in the series.
8. פראגע: How is the total capacitance calculated for capacitors connected in parallel?
ענטפער: For capacitors in parallel, the total capacitance is the sum of the individual capacitances.
9. פראגע: Why does a capacitor block direct current (DC) but allow alternating current (AC) to pass through?
ענטפער: A capacitor blocks DC because once it’s fully charged, no further current can flow. However, with AC, the voltage is continuously changing, causing the capacitor to charge and discharge, allowing an effective current to flow.
10. פראגע: What happens to a capacitor’s voltage if it is connected to a battery and then disconnected before reaching full charge?
ענטפער: The capacitor will retain the voltage it had at the moment of disconnection and won’t charge further unless connected back to a power source.
