Ithiyori yeNkqubo zeHlabathi kunye nobudlelwane bayo neHlabathi liphela
Ukwanda kwehlabathi kube yinto engenakuphepheka kwiingxoxo zanamhlanje ezibandakanya ezoqoqosho, ezopolitiko, inkcubeko, kunye netekhnoloji. Le meko yokwanda kwehlabathi ayinakuqondwa ngaphandle kokubhekisa kwiingcamango ezizama ukuchaza amandla kunye nezakhiwo zayo ezisisiseko. Enye indlela ebalaseleyo yethiyori yokuqonda ukwanda kwehlabathi yiThiyori yeeNkqubo zeHlabathi. Eli nqaku liphonononga iziseko zeThiyori yeeNkqubo zeHlabathi kunye nendlela echaza kwaye inxulumene ngayo nenkqubo yokwanda kwehlabathi.
Iziseko zeTheory yeNkqubo zeHlabathi
Ithiyori yeeNkqubo zeHlabathi yaqala ukwaziswa ngu-Immanuel Wallerstein ngeminyaka yoo-1970. UWallerstein ubona ihlabathi njengenkqubo equlathe izinto ezintathu eziphambili: umbindi, umphetho ongaphantsi, kunye nomphetho. Le nkqubo isekelwe kubudlelwane bezoqoqosho noluntu obudala uthungelwano oluhambelanayo lolawulo kunye nokuxhaphaza.
1. Undoqo: Amazwe okanye imimandla esembindini wenkqubo yehlabathi zezona ziphambili kwezoqoqosho kwaye zinamandla amakhulu kwezopolitiko. Zikhokela kubuchule bokuvelisa izinto ezintsha kwaye zinezoqoqosho ezahlukeneyo.
2. I-Semi-Periphery: Le mimandla iphakathi kwembindi nomngcelele. Ineempawu zazo zombini: ezinye iimpawu zenkqubela phambili kwezoqoqosho zembindi, kodwa kunye neempawu zokuxhomekeka kwembindi. I-semi-periphery idlala indima yokuthintela, ilawula inkqubo yehlabathi ngokufunxa uxinzelelo phakathi kwembindi nomngcelele.
3. Imimandla engqonge: Amazwe angqonge imimandla asemva kakhulu kwezoqoqosho. Uqoqosho lwawo luhlala lusekelwe ekuthunyelweni kwempahla ephambili kwamanye amazwe kwaye axhomekeke kutyalo-mali lwangaphandle oluvela kumazwe aphakathi. Adla ngokuxhatshazwa ngamazwe aphakathi nalawo angqonge imimandla e ...
Ubudlelwane phakathi kweThiyori yeNkqubo zeHlabathi kunye nokuBanzi kweHlabathi
Ihlabathi lilonke yinkqubo ekhawulezisa ukuhlanganiswa kunye nokusebenzisana phakathi kwabantu, iinkampani, kunye noorhulumente bamazwe ahlukeneyo. Le nto iqhutywa lurhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe, utyalo-mali, kunye netekhnoloji yolwazi. Ithiyori yeNkqubo zeHlabathi ibonelela ngesakhelo sokuqonda indlela ihlabathi lilonke elichaphazela ngayo izakhiwo zoqoqosho nezentlalo ezikhoyo.
1. Ukwandiswa kobuKhapitali beHlabathi:
Ithiyori yeNkqubo zeHlabathi igxininisa ukuba ubumbano lwehlabathi kukuqhubeka kokwanda kobungxowankulu behlabathi. Ichaza indlela ubudlelwane obunamandla kwezoqoqosho obudala ngayo ukusasazwa kobutyebi ngokungalinganiyo. Amazwe asembindini asebenzisa ubuchwepheshe kunye nokuvelisa izinto ezintsha ukulawula iimarike zehlabathi, ngelixa amazwe angaphandle enyanzelekile ukuba ahlale ekwimeko engasemva, evelisa iimpahla zexabiso eliphantsi.
2. Ubuchwepheshe kunye noLwazi:
Uphuhliso lwetekhnoloji kunye nokusasazwa kolwazi kuyakhawulezisa ukuhlanganiswa koqoqosho. Inkqubo yehlabathi ehambelanayo ivumela amazwe aphakathi ukuba alawule ukuhamba kolwazi kwaye andise iingenelo zobuchule bokuvelisa izinto ezintsha. Amazwe angaphandle adla ngokushiyeka ngasemva ngokubhekiselele ekufikeleleni kwetekhnoloji, nto leyo edala umahluko wedijithali okwandisa ukungalingani kwezoqoqosho.
3. Ukufuduka Kwabasebenzi Nokufuduka:
Ukusasazeka kwehlabathi kuye kwandisa ukuhamba kwabasebenzi kwihlabathi liphela. Nangona kunjalo, iWorld Systems Theory ibonisa ukuba oku akwenzeki ngokulinganayo. Abasebenzi abavela kumazwe angaphandle badla ngokufudukela kumazwe asembindini okanye angaphandle befuna amathuba angcono kwezoqoqosho. Oku kudla ngokukhokelela ekuxhaphazweni kwabasebenzi kwiimarike zemisebenzi ezingakhuselekanga kunye nemivuzo ephantsi.
4. Indima yamaZiko eHlabathi:
Amaziko ehlabathi afana neBhanki yeHlabathi, i-IMF, kunye ne-WTO adla ngokubonwa njengezixhobo eziqinisa inkqubo yehlabathi ekhoyo. Adala imigaqo nemigaqo-nkqubo edla ngokunceda amazwe asembindini ngelixa ecinezela amazwe angaphandle ukuba avule iimarike zawo kwaye athobele imithetho yorhwebo engasoloko iwaxhasa.
Ukugxekwa kunye nokufaneleka
Nangona iWorld Systems Theory inika umbono ogxekayo malunga nolwakhiwo lwehlabathi, ikwafumana ukugxekwa. Abanye abagxeki bathi le ngcamango izimisele kakhulu kwaye ayiwakhathaleli amandla amazwe angaphandle okuphuhlisa ngokusebenzisa amaqhinga ophuhliso azimeleyo. Abanye bathi le ngcamango igxile kakhulu kwezoqoqosho kwaye ayikhathaleli iinkalo zenkcubeko nezopolitiko ezikwabalulekile ekuhlalutyeni ihlabathi.
Nangona kunjalo, iWorld Systems Theory isabalulekile ekuqondeni i-globalization yanamhlanje. Ngokujonga ihlabathi ngale prism, sinokubona iipatheni eziqhubekayo zokungalingani kunye nokuxhomekeka kubudlelwane bamazwe ngamazwe. Oku kusikhuthaza ukuba sibuze ibali le-globalization njengenkqubo ezisa ngokuzenzekelayo iingenelo kubo bonke.
Ukuqukumbela
Ithiyori yeNkqubo zeHlabathi inika isakhelo esiluncedo sokuqonda ubunzima bokwanda kwehlabathi kunye nempembelelo yalo kwizakhiwo zoqoqosho nezentlalo zehlabathi. Ngokwahlulahlula ihlabathi libe yi-core, i-semi-periphery, kunye ne-periphery, le thiyori inceda ekuchazeni indlela ubudlelwane boqoqosho obungalinganiyo obudala ngayo ukuxhomekeka kunye nokuxhaphaza. Ukwanda kwehlabathi, ngokwale mbono, akuyonkqubo engathathi cala, kodwa kukubonakaliswa kwamandla olawulo lwehlabathi aqinisa ulawulo lwehlabathi.
Kwixesha elizayo, owona mngeni mkhulu kukufumana iindlela zokuguqula le nkqubo ibe nobulungisa nobulungisa ngakumbi. Ngokuqonda nokwamkela ukungalingani okukhoyo, singasebenza kwizisombululo ezibandakanya ngakumbi nezizinzileyo ukuze kuzuze bonke abemi behlabathi.
