Ukusetyenziswa kwePsychology ekuKhethweni kwaBasebenzi
Ukukhethwa kwabasebenzi yenye yezona nkqubo zibalulekileyo kulawulo lwezabasebenzi. Izigqibo ezingalunganga zokuqesha zinokuba nemiphumo yexesha elide: ukwehla kwemveliso, ukunyuka kweendleko zoqeqesho, ukwanda kwengxabano yangaphakathi, kwanamazinga aphezulu okujika kwabasebenzi. Ke ngoko, imibutho emininzi isebenzisa isayikholoji—zombini iingcamango zayo kunye nezixhobo zokulinganisa—ukuphucula ukuchaneka kokukhetha. Isayikholoji inceda iinkampani ziqonde ukuziphatha kwabantu, ziqikelele ukusebenza, kwaye zihlole ngokungenamkhethe ukufaneleka komviwa kumsebenzi kunye nenkcubeko yombutho.
Kutheni iPsychology ibalulekile ekukhetheni?
Ngokwenyani, umsebenzi awukho nje ekwenzeni imisebenzi yobugcisa. Ukusebenza kuphenjelelwa yintshukumisa, izakhono zokuqonda, ubuntu, amaxabiso, ukunyamezela uxinzelelo, kunye nokukwazi ukusebenzisana nabanye. Ingqondo ibonelela ngesakhelo sesayensi sokucwangcisa ezi zinto. Ngendlela efanelekileyo, ukukhetha kuyacwangciswa ngakumbi, kuthwale uxanduva, kwaye kunciphisa ucalucalulo oluhlala lukho kwiinkqubo zokuqesha abantu eziqhelekileyo, ezifana "nemibono yokuqala" egqithisileyo okanye uvavanyo olusekelwe kufana kwemvelaphi.
Ngaphezu koko, isayikholoji ikwaxhasa imigaqo "yokufaneleka komntu emsebenzini" kunye "nokufaneleka komntu kwintlangano." Umntu ophumeleleyo ngokwetekhnoloji akayi kuphumelela ukuba akahambelani nendlela yokusebenza yeqela, iindlela zonxibelelwano, okanye ixabiso lenkampani. Kulapho uvavanyo lwengqondo luba lubalulekileyo khona.
Izixhobo ezisetyenziswa rhoqo kwiPsychology
1. Uvavanyo lweKhono lokuQonda
Uvavanyo lwezakhono zokuqonda (umz., ukuqiqa ngamanani, ukuqiqa ngomlomo, ingqiqo, okanye ukusombulula iingxaki) zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukuqikelela ukufunda komviwa kunye nokuguquguquka. Izifundo ezininzi kwi-industrial and organisation psychology zibonise ukuba amandla okuqonda yindlela enamandla yokusebenza komsebenzi, ngakumbi kwimisebenzi enzima. Abaviwa abanezakhono zohlalutyo ezinamandla badla ngokuba ngabakhawulezayo ekuqondeni iinkqubo, ekusombululeni iingxaki, nasekwenzeni izigqibo ezisekelwe kwidatha.
Nangona kunjalo, ezi mvavanyo kufuneka zicwangciswe kakuhle kwaye zilawulwe ukuqinisekisa ubulungisa. Iinkampani kufuneka ziqinisekise ukuba inqanaba lobunzima lihambelana neemfuno zesikhundla kwaye zinike imiyalelo ecacileyo. Ukusetyenziswa kweemvavanyo ezikwi-intanethi kufuneka kuqinisekise ukhuseleko kunye nokuthembeka kweziphumo.
2. Uvavanyo loBuntu
Ubuntu buchaza iindlela zokuziphatha zomntu kunye nendlela asabela ngayo kwiimeko. Eyona ndlela isetyenziswa kakhulu yiBig Five: ukuvuleleka, ukuba nesazela, ukuphambuka, ukuvuma, kunye nokuzinza ngokweemvakalelo (ukungabi namvakalelo). Kwezi zinto zintlanu, ukuba nesazela kudla ngokunxulunyaniswa nokusebenza komsebenzi kuba kunxulunyaniswa nokuziqeqesha, ukunyamezela, kunye noxanduva.
Uvavanyo lobuntu lunceda ekudweliseni indlela yokusebenza yomviwa: nokuba badla ngokuba nobuchule okanye bakhawuleza, bakhululekile ukusebenza ngokuzimeleyo okanye ngokubambisana, bayakwazi ukutshintsha okanye bakhetha isakhiwo. Nangona kungafanele kube sisiseko sodwa sesigqibo, baluncedo ekunciphiseni umngcipheko wokungahambelani kwendima, ingakumbi kwizikhundla ezifuna ukunyamezela uxinzelelo, ukusebenzisana okunzulu, okanye ubunkokeli.
3. Uvavanyo loMdla kunye neMilinganiselo yoMsebenzi
Izinto ezithandwa ngumsebenzi kunye neempawu ezixabisekileyo zibonelela ngokuqonda into eqhuba umntu ukuba aqhubeke aze aphumelele. Abanye abaviwa bakhuthazwa yimpumelelo, ngelixa abanye begxila ngakumbi ekuzinzeni, ekuqaphelweni, okanye ekunikeleni kuluntu. Ukuba iimpawu zobuqu ziyangqubana neenyani zomsebenzi—umzekelo, umviwa uxabisa ukuguquguquka kodwa isikhundla siqinile kakhulu—ngoko ke umngcipheko wokungoneliseki kunye nokujika komsebenzi uyanda.
Ngokusebenzisa uluhlu lwezinto ezinomdla kunye nexabiso, iinkampani zinokuvavanya ukuba ingaba indima enikwayo iyahambelana na neenjongo zomviwa, nto leyo ekhokelela kubudlelwane bokusebenza obuzinzileyo.
4. Udliwanondlebe olucwangcisiweyo lokuziphatha
Udliwanondlebe sesona sixhobo siqhelekileyo sokukhetha, kodwa umgangatho walo uxhomekeke kakhulu kuyilo lwalo. Ingqondo icebisa udliwanondlebe olucwangcisiweyo, endaweni yodliwanondlebe olukhululekileyo, oluthanda ukuthambekela ekukhetheni. Kudliwanondlebe olucwangcisiweyo, umviwa ngamnye ubuzwa imibuzo efanayo, kwaye umvavanyi usebenzisa irubriki yokufumana amanqaku.
Enye indlela esebenzayo kudliwanondlebe olusebenzisa indlela ye-STAR (Imeko, Umsebenzi, Isenzo, Isiphumo). Abaviwa bacelwa ukuba bachaze amava obomi bokwenyani kwixesha elidlulileyo, njengoko ukuziphatha kwangaphambili kudla ngokubonisa ukuziphatha kwexesha elizayo. Umzekelo: "Ndixelele ngexesha owajongana nengxabano nomntu osebenza naye. Wenze ntoni, kwaye waba yintoni umphumo?" Iimpendulo zabaviwa zinokuvavanywa ngokusekelwe kwizakhono zonxibelelwano, uvelwano, kunye nobuchule bokusombulula iingxaki.
5. Iziko lokulinganisa umsebenzi kunye novavanyo
Iisampulu zomsebenzi kunye namaziko ovavanyo ziindlela ezilinganisa ngokusondeleyo ubunyani bomsebenzi. Abaviwa bacelwa ukuba bagqibezele imisebenzi efana nomsebenzi wemihla ngemihla: ukubhala iingxelo, ukuphendula ii-imeyile zabathengi, ukwenza iintetho, ukuthetha-thethana ngemidlalo, okanye ukuqhuba izifundo zeshishini.
Ngokwembono yengqondo, inzuzo yale ndlela kukuba iyasebenza kakhulu kuba ilinganisa izakhono kwihlabathi lokwenyani. Amaziko ovavanyo asetyenziswa rhoqo kwizikhundla zolawulo, njengoko enokuvavanya ubunkokeli, ukwenza izigqibo, kunye nobuchule bokusebenza kunye ngeqela ngemisebenzi emininzi ngaxeshanye.
6. Ukuhlolwa koBulungisa noBulungisa
Eminye imibutho isebenzisa uvavanyo lokuthembeka okanye ezinye izixhobo ukulinganisa amathuba okuziphatha okungekho sikweni, njengokuguqulwa kwedatha, ukwaphulwa kwemithetho, okanye ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kwezinto. Injongo asikoku "gweba," kodwa kukunciphisa umngcipheko wokwenzakala kwenkampani nokugcina inkcubeko yomsebenzi esempilweni. Ekuphumezeni olu vavanyo, iinkampani kufuneka zibe sobala, ziqinisekise ukuba umsebenzi ufanelekile, kwaye zithobele imigangatho yezomthetho neyemigaqo yokuziphatha.
Imigaqo Yesayensi: Ukunyaniseka, Ukuthembeka, kunye Nobulungisa
Ukuze ukusetyenziswa kwengqondo kube luncedo ngokwenene, izixhobo zokukhetha kufuneka zihlangabezane nemigaqo esisiseko yokulinganisa:
1. Ukunyaniseka: ngaba uvavanyo lulinganisa oko lujonge ukukulinganisa kwaye luyakwazi ukuqikelela ukusebenza komsebenzi.
2. Ukuthembeka: ngaba iziphumo ziyahambelana xa ziphindaphindwa phantsi kweemeko ezifanayo.
3. Ubulungisa: ingaba esi sixhobo asibacalucaluli amaqela athile kwaye sinokuthathwa njengesizathu sokuziphatha?
Iinkampani kufuneka zisebenzise izixhobo zokulinganisa ezivavanyiweyo, ezinemigangatho efanelekileyo, kwaye zilawulwa ngamaqela afanelekileyo (umz., iingcali zengqondo okanye oogqirha abaqeqeshiweyo). Ukutolikwa kweziphumo kufuneka kwenziwe ngononophelo, kungabi ngokusekwe nje "kumanqaku aphezulu amkelweyo."
Ukunciphisa Ucalucalulo Ekukhetheni
Ucalucalulo lolona tshaba luphambili lokukhetha okusebenzayo. Ingqondo iyaziqonda iintlobo ezininzi zocalucalulo oluqhelekileyo: isiphumo se-halo (ukuchukunyiswa ngamandla akho), ucalucalulo olufana (ukukhetha ezo zifana nomntu obuza imibuzo), ucalucalulo oluqinisekisayo (ukukhangela ubungqina obuxhasa iingcinga zokuqala), kwaneembono ezisekelwe kubudala, isini, okanye kwimfundo.
Iindlela zengqondo ezicwangcisiweyo—ezifana neerubriki zodliwanondlebe, uvavanyo olusekelwe kubuchule, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwabavavanyi abaninzi—zinokunciphisa ucalucalulo. Ukwenza izigqibo kukwangcono xa kwenziwa ngokudibanisa iindlela ezininzi zedatha (iindlela ezininzi), ezifana novavanyo lwezakhono, udliwanondlebe, kunye nokulinganisa umsebenzi, endaweni yokuxhomekeka kuphela kwingqiqo.
Ukuziphatha kunye nokugcinwa kwemfihlo
Uvavanyo lwengqondo lubandakanya idatha yomntu, ngoko ke iinkalo zokuziphatha kufuneka zibekwe phambili. Abaviwa kufuneka baziswe ngenjongo yovavanyo, indlela eziza kusetyenziswa ngayo iziphumo, kunye nokuqinisekiswa kobumfihlo. Idatha yengqondo kufuneka isetyenziswe kuphela kwizigqibo ezinxulumene nomsebenzi, kungabi nakweyiphi na enye injongo enokuba yingozi kumviwa. Ngaphezu koko, iinkampani kufuneka ziqinisekise ukufikelela ngokukhuselekileyo kwidatha kwaye zithobele imigaqo efanelekileyo yokukhusela idatha.
Ukuvala
Ukusetyenziswa kwengqondo ekukhetheni abasebenzi kunceda imibutho ukuba yenze izigqibo zokuqesha ezichanekileyo, ezichanekileyo nezifanelekileyo. Uvavanyo lwamandla okuqonda, uvavanyo lobuntu, uluhlu lwezinto ezixabisekileyo, udliwanondlebe olucwangcisiweyo, kwanokulinganisa umsebenzi kubonelela ngembono epheleleyo malunga nobuchule bomviwa kunye nokufaneleka kwakhe. Nangona kunjalo, ukusebenza kwazo kuxhomekeke kumgangatho wezixhobo zokulinganisa, ubuchule bomvavanyi, kunye nokuzinikela kwenkampani kwimigaqo yokuziphatha kunye nobulungisa.
Ekugqibeleni, ukukhetha akupheleli nje ekukhetheni "abakrelekrele kakhulu," kodwa kukwamalunga nokufumana abantu abakwaziyo ukwenza kakuhle, ukuphuhlisa, kunye negalelo elihle kwinkcubeko yombutho. Ngendlela efanelekileyo yengqondo, iinkampani aziqeshi nje kuphela abasebenzi abafanelekileyo kodwa zakha nesiseko sabasebenzi abasempilweni nabazinzileyo.
