Iindlela Zokwenza Iimephu Ezisecaleni Kolwandle
I-Pendahuluan
Imephu yolwandle, okanye i-bathymetry, yindlela ebonakalayo yokwahlulwa kolwandle, kuquka ubunzulu kunye nokuma komphezulu wolwandle. I-bathymetry ibalulekile ekuqhubekeni kolwandle, uphando lwezenzululwazi, ulawulo lwezixhobo zendalo, kunye nokunciphisa iintlekele. Inkqubo yokwenza imephu yolwandle ibandakanya ubunjineli obuntsonkothileyo kwaye ifuna iindlela ezahlukeneyo kunye nobuchwepheshe. Eli nqaku liza kuhlola iindlela ezisetyenziswa ekudaleni imephu yolwandle ngokunzulu.
Iindlela Zokwenza Iimephu Ezisecaleni Kolwandle
1. Ukulinganisa nge-Echosounder
I-echosounder sesona sixhobo sisetyenziswa kakhulu ekulinganiseni ubunzulu bolwandle. Umgaqo osisiseko we-echosounder kukuthumela amaza esandi phantsi kolwandle kunye nokulinganisa ixesha elithathayo ukuba amaza esandi abuye emva kokutsiba elwandle. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili ze-echosounders: i-echosounders ene-single-beam kunye ne-multi-beam echosounders.
– I-Echosounder ene-single beam: Esi sixhobo sithumela i-beam enye yesandi ngqo phantsi size sirekhode ubunzulu kwindawo yokulinganisa echanekileyo. I-echosounders ene-single beam zihlala zisetyenziselwa uphando olulula lwe-bathymetric kunye nemephu yobunzulu bendawo ethile.
– I-Multi-beam Echosounder: Esi sixhobo sithumela imitha yesandi emininzi ngaxeshanye, sigubungela indawo ebanzi, sivumela ukulinganiswa kobunzulu obuneenkcukacha ngesisombululo esiphezulu. Imitha yesandi emininzi isebenza kakhulu kwiiphando ezineenkcukacha ngakumbi nasekufumaneni umfanekiso opheleleyo we-topography yolwandle.
2. Ukusetyenziswa kobuchwepheshe be-LIDAR (Ukufumanisa nokulinganisa ukukhanya)
I-LIDAR yiteknoloji yokubona kude esebenzisa imisebe yelaser ukulinganisa umgama phakathi kwetransmitter kunye nethagethi. Ekudaleni iimaphu zomgangatho wolwandle, i-LIDAR ebhathimetri isetyenziselwa ukulinganisa ubunzulu bamanzi ngokuthumela iipulse zelaser ukusuka kwinqwelo-moya ukuya kumgangatho wolwandle. Ezi pulse zelaser emva koko zibuyiselwa kwisamkeli esikwinqwelo-moya.
– Iingenelo zeLIDAR: I-LIDAR ingagubungela iindawo ezinkulu ngokukhawuleza kwaye inike idatha eneenkcukacha eziphezulu ukuya kuthi ga kwiimitha ezininzi ngobunzulu. Oku kuluncedo ngakumbi kwiiphando emanzini angajulileyo nakwiindawo ezikunxweme.
– Imida yeLIDAR: Ukusebenza kwayo kuncipha emanzini angaphantsi kweemitha ezingama-50 okanye emanzini angabonakaliyo ngenxa yokufunxwa nokusasazwa kokukhanya ngamanzi.
3. I-Photogrammetry engaphantsi kwamanzi
I-photogrammetry engaphantsi kwamanzi yindlela yokwenza imaphu esebenzisa ukufota phantsi kwamanzi ukufumana idatha yesimo esinemilinganiselo emithathu. Le teknoloji isetyenziswa rhoqo kuphando lwezinto zakudala ezingaphantsi kwamanzi, ukuhlolwa kwezakhiwo ezingaphantsi kwamanzi, kunye nemephu yeendawo zokuhlala zaselwandle.
– Indlela yokusebenzisa i-Stereoscopic: Ukusebenzisa imifanekiso emibini nangaphezulu ethathwe kwiikona ezahlukeneyo ukwenza imodeli enamacala amathathu yolwandle.
– Inkqubo yokulungisa ii-orthorectification: Ilungisa ukugqwetheka kwejometri kumfanekiso ukuze kuveliswe umfanekiso ochanekileyo wezinto eziselwandle.
4. Umbane ongaphantsi kwamanzi
Indlela ye-geoelectric engaphantsi kwamanzi ibandakanya ukufaka umbane emhlabeni kunye nokulinganisa ukumelana kwe-substrate. Le ndlela ingasetyenziselwa ukuchonga iimpawu ze-geological ezingaphantsi kolwandle.
– Iingenelo: Ingachonga iileya ezingaphantsi komhlaba wolwandle kwaye ibone izakhiwo zejoloji ezifana neeleya zedaka, iimpazamo, kunye nezixhobo zezimbiwa.
– Ukudibanisa nezinye iindlela: I-Geoelectric idla ngokusetyenziswa kunye ne-echosounder okanye i-seismic ukunika umfanekiso opheleleyo wesakhiwo esingaphantsi kolwandle.
5. Uphando lweNyikima
Uphando lwe-seismic lwenziwa kusetyenziswa amaza esandi anamandla (ngokuqhelekileyo avela kwiziqhushumbisi okanye izixhobo eziqhutywa emoyeni) ukuze kuhlolwe isakhiwo esingaphantsi komhlaba solwandle.
– Imifanekiso yoBume beJiyoloji: Amaza esandi atsiba kwiingcamba ezingaphantsi kwamanzi aze amkelwe zii-receiver ezininzi ezaziwa ngokuba zii-hydrophones, nto leyo evumela iingcali ze-geophysicists ukuba zibone ulwakhiwo lomgangatho ongaphantsi kolwandle.
– Ukusetyenziswa: Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwishishini leoyile negesi ekuphononongeni iindawo ezigciniweyo zehydrocarbon ezingaphantsi kwamanzi.
6. Ukucutshungulwa kunye noHlalutyo lweDatha
Emva kokuqokelela idatha kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo, inyathelo elilandelayo kukucubungula idatha kunye nohlalutyo ukuvelisa imephu echanekileyo nenolwazi engaphantsi kolwandle.
– Ukucutshungulwa kwedatha: Kubandakanya ukuhluzwa kwengxolo, ukulungiswa kweempazamo zezixhobo, ukudibanisa idatha evela kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo, kunye nokufakelwa kwedatha ukuze kuveliswe igridi okanye i-mesh yedatha yobunzulu.
– Ukubona ngeliso lengqondo: Ukusebenzisa isoftware yeNkqubo yoLwazi lweJografi (i-GIS) ukuze ubone idatha ngendlela yeemaphu ze-bathymetric, iimodeli zedijithali zokuphakama kolwandle, kunye nemiboniso yemilinganiselo emithathu.
Ukusetyenziswa kweeMephu zeBathymetric
Iimephu ezisecaleni kolwandle zineendlela ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza ezibalulekileyo:
– Ukuhamba ngenqanawa: Kunceda ookapteni beenqanawa ukuba bacwangcise iindlela ezikhuselekileyo kwaye baphephe iingozi ezingaphantsi kwamanzi.
– Uphando lwezeNzululwazi: Lusetyenziswa ziingcali zolwandle ukufunda ngemilo esecaleni kolwandle, imisinga yolwandle, kunye neenkqubo zendalo zaselwandle.
– Ulawulo lweZixhobo: Ixhasa uphando nolawulo lweentlanzi, izimbiwa ezingaphantsi kwamanzi, kunye nemithombo yamandla efana neoyile kunye negesi yendalo.
– Ukunciphisa iintlekele: Kunceda ekuchongeni iindawo ezinobungozi betsunami, ukudilika komhlaba phantsi kwamanzi, kunye nezinye iinkqubo zejoloji ezinokubangela iintlekele.
Ukuqukumbela
Ukudala imaphu yolwandle yinkqubo entsonkothileyo nebalulekileyo equka iindlela ezahlukeneyo kunye netekhnoloji. Ukusuka kwi-echosounders kunye netekhnoloji ye-LIDAR, i-photogrammetry engaphantsi kwamanzi, uphando lwe-geoelectrical, ukuya kuphando lwe-seismic, indlela nganye ineenzuzo zayo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo kuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zophando. Kule mihla, ubuchwepheshe buyaqhubeka nokuqhubela phambili, bubonelela ngesisombululo sedatha esiphezulu kwaye buvumela iimaphu zolwandle ezineenkcukacha nezichanekileyo ngakumbi. Iimaphu ze-bathymetric eziveliswayo azixhasi nje kuphela imisebenzi yabantu elwandle kodwa zikwaphucula ukuqonda kwethu ihlabathi elifihliweyo ngaphantsi komhlaba.
