Iimpawu zeKliniki kunye noNyango lwe-FIP kwiikati
I-Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP) sesinye sezifo ezoyikekayo phakathi kwabanini beekati kuba inokuqhubeka ngokukhawuleza kwaye, ngaphambili, yayisoloko ithathwa njenge "sisigqibo" esasinzima ukunyanga. I-FIP yenzeka ngenxa yosulelo lwe-Feline Coronavirus (FCoV), olutshintsha emzimbeni wekati, emva koko lubangele ukusabela okunamandla kokuvuvukala kwimithambo yegazi (i-vasculitis) kunye namalungu ahlukeneyo. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba ayizizo zonke ii-FCoV eziya kukhula zibe yi-FIP; iikati ezininzi ezichaphazeleka yi-FCoV zinengxaki yokugaya ukutya kancinci okanye azinazo iimpawu. Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko ezimbalwa, intsholongwane iyaguquka kwaye ikhule ibe yi-FIP.
Eli nqaku lixoxa ngeempawu ze-FIP kwiikati kunye neendlela zonyango, kubandakanya unyango oluxhasayo kunye nonyango oludumileyo lwangoku lwe-antiviral.
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Ukuqonda i-FIP: Kutheni Isenzeka?
I-FCoV isasazeka ngendle, ingakumbi kwiindawo apho kukho iikati ezininzi (izindlu ezinamakati amaninzi, iindawo zokukhosela, okanye iivenkile zezilwanyana zasekhaya). Le ntsholongwane ihlasela indlela yokugaya ukutya kwaye idla ngokuba yingozi. Iingxaki zivela xa intsholongwane itshintsha emzimbeni wekati, ivumela ukuba iphile kwiiseli zomzimba (ii-macrophages) kwaye isasazeke emzimbeni wonke. Impendulo yomzimba wekati emva koko ibangela ukudumba komzimba okonakalisa imithambo yegazi kunye nezicubu.
Ezinye izinto ezikholelwa ukuba zonyusa umngcipheko we-FIP ziquka:
– Ubudala obuncinci (ngesiqhelo < iminyaka emi-2) okanye iikati ezindala kakhulu, - Uxinzelelo (indawo yokufuduka, utyando, ukukhulelwa, indawo exineneyo), - Ukhuseleko oluphantsi okanye ezinye izifo, - Izinto ezibangela ufuzo kwezinye iintlobo. --- Iintlobo ze-FIP: Imanzi (Iyaphuma) kunye neyomileyo (Ayiyiyo iphuma) Ngokwezonyango, i-FIP idla ngokwahlulwahlulwa ibe ziintlobo ezimbini eziphambili, nangona eneneni iikati ezininzi zibonisa indibaniselwano yazo zombini. 1) I-FIP Emanzi (Iyaphuma) Le fomu ibonakaliswa kukuqokelelwa kolwelo kwimingxuma: - Isisu (ascites) → isisu esikhulu, siziva "sizaliswe ngamanzi" - Isifuba (i-pleural effusion) → ukuphefumla okufutshane, ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza, ubuthathaka Imeko inokuba mandundu ngexesha elifutshane. Ikati ibonakala ibuthathaka, inomdla wokunciphisa ukutya, kwaye ilahlekelwa bubunzima ngokukhawuleza.
2) I-Dry FIP (Engangenisi manzi) Kule fomu, ulwelo alukho ngamandla, kodwa ukudumba okubangelwa yi-granulomatous kwenzeka kwizitho ezifana nezi: - isibindi, - izintso, - i-spleen, - amathumbu, - ii-lymph nodes, - amehlo, kunye nenkqubo yemithambo-luvo.
Iimpawu zihlala zingacacanga kwaye zihlala ixesha elide kune-FIP emanzi, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukuyibona kwangethuba.
--- Iimpawu zeKlinikhi ze-FIP kwiikati Iimpawu ze-FIP zahluka kakhulu, kuxhomekeke kumalungu achaphazelekayo kunye nohlobo lwesifo. Nazi iimpawu ezifumaneka rhoqo: Iimpawu eziQhelekileyo - Umkhuhlane onyukayo nohlayo kwaye uhlala ungaphenduli kwii-antibiotics - Ukudinwa, ukulala rhoqo, ukungenzi nto - Ukuncipha komnqweno wokutya - Ukwehla kobunzima - Uboya obungacacanga, ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni - Ii-lymph nodes ezikhulisiweyo kwezinye iimeko Iimpawu ze-Wet FIP (ulwelo esiswini/esifubeni) - Isisu esikhulu ngaphandle komnqweno wokutya okhulisiweyo (ascites) - Ukuphelelwa ngumoya, ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza, ukuhlala phantsi nentamo yoluliwe (ukuba ulwelo esifubeni) - Izandi zomphefumlo obuthathaka xa uhlolwa ngugqirha wezilwanyana - Ngamanye amaxesha kuhamba nokuhlanza okanye urhudo oluncinci Iimpawu ze-Dry FIP (ekhethekileyo kwilungu) Ngenxa yokuba ibandakanya amalungu omzimba, iimpawu zinokwahluka: - Izintso: ukusela rhoqo, ukuchama rhoqo, imeko yomzimba enciphileyo, iimpawu zeengxaki zezintso - Isibindi: tyheli (i-jaundice), ukuhlanza, ukuncipha komnqweno wokutya, ukungakhululeki kwesisu - Amathumbu: urhudo olungapheliyo, ukwehla kobunzima, isisu esinobuthathaka - Ii-lymph nodes zamathumbu ezikhulisiweyo: isisu sibonakala "sigcwele" kodwa asisoloko siqulethe ulwelo I-Ocular FIP (amehlo) I-FIP inokubangela ukudumba kwamehlo, umzekelo: - uveitis (amehlo abomvu, abuhlungu), - abafundi abangalinganiyo, - utshintsho kumbala wangaphakathi weliso, - ukuncipha kokubona.
Iimpawu zamehlo ngamanye amaxesha zibalulekile kwi-FIP eyomileyo.
I-FIP yemithambo-luvo (yemithambo-luvo) Le yeyona ndlela inzima kakhulu. Iimpawu zezi: - ukuxhuzula (ataxia), - ukuxhuzula, - ukungcangcazela, - utshintsho kwindlela yokuziphatha, - ukuthambekela kwentloko, - ubuthathaka kwimilenze.
--- Ifunyaniswa njani i-FIP?
Ukuchonga i-FIP akulula rhoqo kuba akukho vavanyo "lulula" oluqinisekisa zonke iimeko ngoko nangoko. Ugqirha wezilwanyana udla ngokuhlanganisa oku kulandelayo: - Imbali kunye novavanyo lomzimba (umkhuhlane, ukwehla kobunzima, ulwelo lomzimba), - Uvavanyo lwegazi: i-anemia, i-globulin eyonyukileyo, umlinganiselo ophantsi we-albumin/globulin (A/G), ukudumba, - I-Ultrasound okanye i-x-ray ukujonga utshintsho lolwelo okanye amalungu omzimba, - Uhlalutyo lolwelo (kwi-FIP emanzi): ulwelo ludla ngokuba lukhuni, lube tyheli, lube neproteni eninzi, - Uvavanyo lwe-PCR/viral, ngakumbi kwiisampuli ezithile zolwelo/zezicubu, - Uvavanyo lwezicubu (i-biopsy) kunye ne-immunohistochemistry, eyona nto isondeleyo ekuqinisekisweni kwezinye iimeko.
Inqaku elibalulekileyo: Uvavanyo lwe-antibody ye-coronavirus lubonisa kuphela ukuvezwa kwe-FCoV, hayi ukuqinisekisa i-FIP, njengoko iikati ezininzi ezisempilweni nazo zine-antibody. --- Unyango lwe-FIP kwiikati 1) Unyango lwe-Antiviral (unyango oluphambili oluthembisayo) Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, unyango lwe-antiviral olusekelwe kwi-nucleoside analog olufana ne-GS-441524 (kwaye kwezinye iinkqubo, i-remdesivir njenge-prodrug) luye lwafumana ingqalelo ngenxa yezinga eliphezulu lempumelelo elibikiweyo kwiimeko ezininzi, kubandakanya ezinye ezibandakanyekayo emehlweni nakwimithambo-luvo (nangona zihlala zifuna iidosi eziqatha kunye nobude bexesha). Imigaqo eqhelekileyo yonyango: - inikwa imihla ngemihla ixesha elithile (ngokuqhelekileyo malunga neeveki ezili-12 kwiinkqubo ezininzi zeklinikhi), - idosi ehlengahlengiswayo ngokwesisindo somzimba kunye nemo ye-FIP (emanzi/eyomileyo/esweni/yemithambo-luvo), - uvavanyo oluqhelekileyo: ubunzima bomzimba, ukutya, ubushushu, uvavanyo lwegazi, kunye nokujonga iimpawu. Ngenxa yokuba ukufumaneka kwamayeza kunye nemigaqo kunokwahluka ngokwelizwe/ummandla, kubalulekile ukubonisana ngokuthe ngqo nogqirha wezilwanyana onolwazi ngenkqubela yamva nje kwaye onamava ekunyangeni i-FIP. 2) Ukhathalelo Oluxhasayo Nangona amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane edlala indima enkulu, unyango oluxhasayo luhlala lubalulekile, ingakumbi xa ikati ibuthathaka: - Unyango olumanzi lokuphelisa amanzi emzimbeni kunye nokugcina ukusebenza kwezitho - Isondlo esineekhalori eziphezulu kunye neproteni (ukutya okunempilo, uncedo lokutya ukuba kuyimfuneko) - Amayeza okulwa nesicaphucaphu kunye nezikhuseli zesisu ukuba ziyahlanza - IiHepatoprotectors okanye inkxaso yezintso ngokwezitho ezichaphazelekayo - Ioksijini ukuba kukho ukuphefumla okufutshane ngenxa yolwelo esifubeni - Ukuphuma kolwelo (abdominocentesis/thoracocentesis) kwi-FIP emanzi ukunceda ukuphefumla kunye nokuthuthuzela, okwenziwa ngugqirha wezilwanyana kuba kukho umngcipheko wokuphinda kubekho ukungalingani kolwelo kunye neeproteni. 3) Ukusetyenziswa kwe-Anti-inflammatory kunye ne-Immunomodulators Ngexesha langaphambi kwe-antiviral, ii-corticosteroids zazihlala zinikwa ukuthintela ukudumba, kodwa isiphumo sasihlala singokwethutyana kwaye asizange sijongane nobangela oyintloko. Okwangoku, ukusetyenziswa kwee-steroids kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ngononophelo kwaye kuphela phantsi kolwalathiso logqirha wezilwanyana, ngakumbi ukuba ikati ifumana unyango lwe-antiviral (kuba ukuthintela amasosha omzimba kunokuba nefuthe kwiintsholongwane zesibini).
Ii-antibiotics azisoloko zinceda ngqo i-FIP ngaphandle kokuba kufunyenwe usulelo lwesibini lwebhaktiriya. --- Ukuxela kwangaphambili kunye namathuba okuchacha Ukuxela kwangaphambili kwe-FIP kuxhomekeke kakhulu ku: - ukuba ikhawuleza kangakanani ukufunyaniswa kwaye unyango luqaliswa, - uhlobo lwesifo (esimanzi, esomileyo, semithambo-luvo, samehlo), - imeko yamalungu ngexesha lokuqalisa unyango, - ukunamathela kwixesha kunye nomthamo wonyango, - umgangatho wokubeka iliso kunye nenkxaso yesondlo. Ngeendlela zanamhlanje ezisekelwe kwii-antivirals kunye nokubeka iliso okuhle, amathuba okukhululwa kwiimeko ezininzi axelwe ukuba aphucuke kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nexesha elidlulileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ikati nganye yahlukile, kwaye iimeko ezinzima zisekhona, ingakumbi ukuba sele kukho umonakalo omkhulu wamalungu okanye ukubandakanyeka okukhulu kwemithambo-luvo. --- Ukuthintela kunye nokuNcitshiswa koMngcipheko Ngenxa yokuba i-FIP ivela kwi-FCoV, ukuthintela kugxile ekunciphiseni ukuvezwa kunye noxinzelelo: - ukugcina ibhokisi yenkunkuma ecocekileyo (ukucoca rhoqo, inani elaneleyo leebhokisi), - ukuphepha ukuxinana kwikhaya elinye, - ukuvalela iikati ezintsha kunye nokuhlolwa kokuqala kwempilo, - ukunciphisa uxinzelelo (indawo ezinzileyo, ukutya okunempilo), - ukulawula ezinye izifo kunye nokugonywa rhoqo njengoko kucetyiswa ngugqirha wezilwanyana. --- Isiphelo Iimpawu zeklinikhi ze-FIP kwiikati zinokubonakala, njengokukhula kwesisu okanye ukuphefumla kancinci kwi-FIP emanzi, kodwa zinokuba zingabonakali kangako, njengomkhuhlane ophindaphindayo, ukwehla kobunzima, okanye iingxaki zamehlo kunye nemithambo-luvo kwi-FIP eyomileyo. Ukuxilongwa kufuna indibaniselwano yovavanyo lweklinikhi, lwelebhu, kunye nolwemifanekiso, kwaye kudla ngokufuna isigqibo sogqirha wezilwanyana onamava. Ngokuphathelele unyango, unyango lwanamhlanje lwe-antiviral lutshintshe umbono wabanini beekati abaninzi, kodwa impumelelo iba nkulu xa unyango luqalwe kwangethuba kwaye lujongwa ngokusondeleyo. Ukuba ikati yakho ibonisa iimpawu ezibonisa i-FIP, kufuneka udibane nogqirha wezilwanyana wakho ngoko nangoko ukuze ufumane uvavanyo olupheleleyo kunye nesicwangciso sonyango esikhuselekileyo nesifanelekileyo. Ukuba ungathanda, ndingayihlengahlengisa le nqaku kwinguqulelo yesayensi ngakumbi (eneereferensi kunye nesakhiwo sejenali) okanye inguqulelo edumileyo yeeblogi zabanini bezilwanyana zasekhaya, kunye nokongeza icandelo "lemibuzo neempendulo" kunye noluhlu lokuhlola iimpawu kubafundi.
