Indlela Yokwenza Ibhedi Yezityalo Zemifuno
Ukudala iibhedi eziphakanyisiweyo yenye yezona ndlela zisebenzayo zokukhulisa imifuno. Iibhedi eziphakanyisiweyo ziziqwenga zomhlaba eziphakanyisiweyo ezenzelwe ukukhuthaza ukufunxwa kwamanzi ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokukhula kwezityalo ngokugqibeleleyo. Inkqubo yokwenza iibhedi eziphakanyisiweyo ilula kakhulu, kodwa ifuna ukuqonda ngokupheleleyo iimeko zomhlaba, imozulu, kunye neentlobo zezityalo ezikhuliswayo. Eli nqaku liza kugubungela amanyathelo abalulekileyo ekudaleni iibhedi eziphakanyisiweyo zemifuno, ukusuka ekulungiseleleni umhlaba ukuya ekunyamekelweni emva kwesityalo.
1. Ukulungiswa Komhlaba
Inyathelo lokuqala ekwenzeni umandlalo ophakamileyo kukulungisa umhlaba. Qinisekisa ukuba indawo ekhethiweyo ifumana ubuncinane iiyure ezi-6-8 zokukhanya kwelanga yonke imihla. Amanqanaba okukhanya kwelanga abalulekile kuba uninzi lwemifuno lufuna ukukhanya okwaneleyo ukuze kwenziwe i-photosynthesis.
Okulandelayo, susa ukhula, amatye, kunye nenkunkuma kwindawo leyo. Umhlaba ococekileyo uya kwenza kube lula ukulungisa iibhedi kwaye unciphise ukhuphiswano phakathi kwezityalo zemifuno kunye nokhula.
2. Uvavanyo Lomhlaba Nokuphucula
Ngaphambi kokuba wenze iibhedi eziphakamileyo, kubalulekile ukuqonda imeko yomhlaba wegadi yakho. Umhlaba olungileyo wokukhulisa imifuno utyebile, ukhululekile, kwaye unezinto eziphilayo ezaneleyo. Ungenza uvavanyo olulula lomhlaba ukuze ubone ukuba i-pH kunye nomxholo wezondlo zingakanani.
Ukuba umhlaba une-asidi eninzi okanye i-alkaline kakhulu, ungalungiswa ngokongeza ilayimu (kumhlaba one-asidi) okanye isalfure (kumhlaba one-alkaline). Kwakhona, yongeza umgquba okanye umgquba ukuphucula ukuchuma komhlaba. Olu nyango lomhlaba luya kunceda ukuphucula ulwakhiwo lomhlaba, longeze izinto eziphilayo, kwaye luphucule ukugcinwa kwamanzi kunye nokungena komoya.
3. Ukuchonga Ubungakanani Bebhedi
Ubungakanani bebhedi bungalungiswa ukuze buhambelane neemfuno zakho kunye nohlobo lwezityalo ozityalayo. Ngokubanzi, ibhedi imalunga nemitha e-1 ububanzi ukuze kube lula ukugcinwa nokutyala kumacala omabini. Ubude bebhedi bungalungiswa ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo ekhoyo, kodwa kungcono ukuba ibe phakathi kweemitha ezi-3 nezi-6. Ibhedi idla ngokubekwa kubude obuyi-20-30 cm ukuqinisekisa ukutsalwa kwamanzi ngokufanelekileyo.
Umgama phakathi kwebhedi enye nenye kufuneka ube malunga ne-30-50 cm, okwaneleyo ukuba kubekho indlela okanye ipaseji yokunyamekela izityalo kwaye kube lula ukufikelela kuyo ngexesha lokunyamekela.
4. Ukwenza iibhedi
Emva kokugqiba ubungakanani bebhedi, qala ngokuhlakula okanye ukulima umhlaba ukuya kutsho kubunzulu obuyi-20-30 cm. Umhlaba okhululekileyo uya kuvumela iingcambu zezityalo ukuba zikhule.
Yenza umhlaba ube ziibhedi eziphakamileyo uze ulinganise umphezulu ophezulu. Qinisekisa ukuba umphezulu webhedi uthe tyaba kwaye awunamaqhubu, njengoko ukungalingani kunokubangela ukuba amanzi adibane, nto leyo eyonakalisa izityalo.
Ukuba utyala kwindawo enemvula eninzi okanye umhlaba othanda ukuba nezikhukula, ungenza imijelo emincinci ejikeleze iibhedi ukuphucula ukutsalwa kwamanzi nokuthintela ukugcwala kwamanzi.
5. Ukutyetyiswa koMhlaba
Yongeza izinto eziphilayo ezifana nomgquba, umgquba, okanye ezinye izichumisi eziphilayo kwiibhedi. Ezi zinto eziphilayo ziya kuwutyebisa umhlaba kwaye ziphucule ukugcinwa kwamanzi. Xuba izinto eziphilayo emhlabeni usebenzisa ikhuba okanye ifolokhwe ukuya kubunzulu obuyi-15-20 cm.
6. Ukuvala iBhedi
Emva kokufaka izinto eziphilayo emhlabeni ongaphezulu kweebhedi, iibhedi zingagqunywa nge-mulch. I-mulch ingaba ngamaqokobhe erayisi, ingca, okanye i-mulch yeplastiki. I-mulch inemisebenzi emininzi ebalulekileyo, njengokugcina umswakama womhlaba, ukuthintela ukukhula kokhula, kunye nokugcina amaqondo obushushu omhlaba azinzileyo.
Ukuba usebenzisa iplastiki, yenza imingxunya kwi-mulch ngokwesithuba semifuno oza kuyityala. Qinisekisa ukuba i-mulch igubungela wonke umphezulu webhedi.
7. Ukutyala imifuno
Imifuno ingatyalwa kwiibhedi eziphakanyisiweyo ngokutyala imbewu ngqo okanye ngokutyala izithole ezityalwe ngaphambili. Isithuba phakathi kwemifuno nganye siyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo. Umzekelo, iminqathe, iiradishes, kunye nespinatshi zihlala zityalwa malunga ne-15-20 cm ukusuka kwenye, ngelixa imifuno efana neetumato, iitshili, kunye nee-eggplants zifuna isithuba esibanzi, phakathi kwe-30-50 cm.
Qiniseka ukuba utyala imifuno ngokwesithuba esicetyiswayo ukuze izityalo zibe nendawo eyaneleyo yokukhula nokufumana isondlo esifanelekileyo.
8. Ukunkcenkceshela kunye nokunyamekela
Emva kokutyala, inyathelo elilandelayo kukunkcenkceshela. Ukunkcenkceshela kokuqala kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukuba imbewu okanye izithole zifumana amanzi aneleyo ukuze ziqale ukukhula kakuhle. Emva koko, ukunkcenkceshela kungenziwa rhoqo, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwesityalo kunye neemeko zemozulu. Ngexesha lemvula eyomileyo, imifuno ifuna ukunkcenkceshela rhoqo, ngelixa ngexesha lemvula, ukunkcenkceshela kunokuncitshiswa.
Ukongeza ekunkcenkcesheleni, ukugcinwa kwebhedi kuquka ukukhuhla ukhula, ukufaka isichumiso esongezelelweyo, kunye nokulawula izinambuzane nezifo. Ukukhuhla ukhula kufuneka kwenziwe rhoqo ukuthintela ukukhula kwezityalo. Kukwacetyiswa nokufaka isichumiso esongezelelweyo rhoqo kwiiveki ezimbalwa ukuqinisekisa ukondla okwaneleyo kwezityalo.
Ukulawula izinambuzane nezifo, sebenzisa izibulali-zinambuzane zendalo okanye zendalo nanini na xa kunokwenzeka. Ezinye iindlela zendalo ezisebenzayo ziquka ukusebenzisa amanzi afakwe kwigalikhi, iipepile zetshili, okanye amagqabi e-neem ukutshiza izityalo ezichaphazelekileyo.
9. Ukujikeleza Izityalo
Ukuze ugcine umhlaba uchume kwaye usempilweni, tshintsha izityalo rhoqo ngexesha lokukhula. Ukutshintsha izityalo kubandakanya ukutshintsha iintlobo zezityalo ezityalwe ebhedini emva kokuvuna ngakunye. Ukutshintsha izityalo kunokuthintela ukuqokelelana kwezinambuzane nezifo kwaye kunciphise ukudinwa komhlaba. Umzekelo, emva kokutyala imifuno enamagqabi njengespinatshi, kwixesha elilandelayo, tyala izityalo zeengcambu ezifana neekaroti okanye iiradishes.
10. Ukuvuna
Imifuno kufuneka ivunwe ngexesha elifanelekileyo, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwesityalo esikhuliswayo. Isivuno esifike ngexesha siya kuvelisa isivuno esifanelekileyo, zombini ngokubhekiselele kumgangatho kunye nobuninzi. Imifuno evunwe kade kakhulu idla ngokulahlekelwa yincasa kunye noburhabaxa, ngelixa ukuvuna kwangethuba kakhulu kunokunciphisa ubungakanani bayo.
Ukuqukumbela
Ukudala iibhedi eziphakanyisiweyo zokukhulisa imifuno yindlela esebenzayo yokuqinisekisa iimeko ezifanelekileyo zokukhula kwezityalo zakho. Ngokulungiswa komhlaba ngokufanelekileyo, ukulungiswa komhlaba, kunye nokhathalelo olufanelekileyo, iibhedi eziphakanyisiweyo zinokunyusa imveliso yezityalo kunye nempilo yazo. Ngaphezu koko, le ndlela ikwanceda ekulawuleni amanzi, ukulawula ukhula, kunye nokujikeleza kwezityalo okuzinzileyo. Ndikunqwenelela ithamsanqa, kwaye ngamana intsimi yakho yemifuno ingavelisa isivuno esikhulu nesisemgangathweni ophezulu!
