Iincwadi zezifundo zoyilo ekufuneka zifundwe
Uyilo lwezakhiwo luqeqesho oludibanisa ubugcisa, ubunjineli, kunye nesayensi yokusingqongileyo ukuyila nokwakha izakhiwo kunye neendawo zikawonke-wonke. Kuhambo lokufunda uyilo lwezakhiwo, kubafundi nakwiingcali, iincwadi zezifundo zingumthombo obalulekileyo wolwazi. Iincwadi zezifundo zibonelela ngesiseko sethiyori, iingcamango, imbali, kunye nokwenza izinto ezinokunceda abafundi baqonde ubunzima behlabathi loyilo lwezakhiwo. Nazi ezinye iincwadi zezifundo zoyilo lwezakhiwo ekufuneka zifundwe ngumntu ofuna ukujula ulwazi lwakhe kweli candelo.
1. “Ifomu, Isithuba, kunye noLungelelwaniso” nguFrancis DK Ching
Idla ngokuthathwa njengeBhayibhile yabafundi boyilo lwezakhiwo, incwadi kaFrancis D.K. Ching ethi "Form, Space, and Order" inika isiseko esiqinileyo sokuqonda izinto ezisisiseko zoyilo lwezakhiwo. Le ncwadi isebenzisa ulwimi olucacileyo olubonakalayo kunye nemifanekiso emihle ukuchaza iingcamango ezifana nomlinganiselo, ubungakanani, ulungelelwaniso, kunye nolawulo. Ikwahlola indlela ezi zinto ezinokudibaniswa ngayo ukudala izithuba ezisebenzayo nezobuhle.
2. “Umfanekiso weSixeko” nguKevin Lynch
Epapashwe ngo-1960, i-“The Image of the City” ngumsebenzi odumileyo oye wanefuthe kubacwangcisi abaninzi bezakhiwo zasezidolophini kunye nabayili bezakhiwo kwihlabathi liphela. Kwincwadi yakhe, uKevin Lynch uchaza ingcamango “yokufundeka,” ebhekisa ekulula kokujonga kunye nokuhamba ngaphakathi kwendalo yasezidolophini. ULynch uchonga izinto ezintlanu ezibalulekileyo ezibumba umfanekiso wesixeko: iindlela, imiphetho, izithili, amaqhuqhuva kunye neendawo ezibalulekileyo. Ukuqonda ezi ngcamango kubalulekile kuye nabani na onomdla kuyilo lwedolophu.
3. “Uyilo lwezakhiwo: Ifomu, iNdawo, kunye neNdalo” nguNorman K. Booth
Kule ncwadi, uNorman K. Booth unika isikhokelo esibanzi malunga nolwalamano phakathi koyilo lwezakhiwo kunye nokusingqongileyo. Le ncwadi igubungela izihloko ezinje ngohlalutyo lwesiza, iimpembelelo zemozulu, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezinto ngaphakathi kwimeko ezinzileyo. UBooth ukwagxininisa ukubaluleka koyilo oluhambelana neemeko zendalo kunye nezentlalo, enika imizekelo yokwenyani evela kwiiprojekthi ezahlukeneyo zokwakha kwihlabathi liphela.
4. “Ulwimi Olunepatheni” nguChristopher Alexander
Incwadi ethi "A Pattern Language" yincwadi ebalulekileyo eyapapashwa ngo-1977 nguChristopher Alexander kunye noogxa bakhe. Inike indlela entsha yoyilo lwezakhiwo kunye nolwedolophu. UAlexander wazisa ingcamango "yeepatheni" njengezisombululo kwiingxaki zoyilo. Le ncwadi ineepatheni ezingama-253 ezigubungela zonke iinkalo zoyilo, ukusuka kwizicelo ezincinci ezifana noyilo lwamagumbi ukuya kwizicelo ezinkulu ezifana nocwangciso lwesixeko. Ezi patheni zenzelwe ukusetyenziswa ngokubambisana luluntu, abakhi bezakhiwo, kunye nabacwangcisi bezixeko ukudala iindawo ezingcono.
5. “Uyilo Lolonwabo” ngu-Alain de Botton
Nangona ingeyoncwadi yesikhokelo ngokwendlela yendabuko, incwadi ka-Alain de Botton ethi "The Architecture of Happiness" ibalulekile ekufundeni nakubani na onomdla kulwalamano phakathi koyilo lwezakhiwo kunye nokuphila kakuhle kwabantu. Kule ncwadi, u-de Botton uphonononga indlela izakhiwo kunye neendawo ezinokuchaphazela ngayo iimvakalelo zethu kunye nomgangatho wobomi bethu. Ibhalwe ngolwimi olufikelelekayo kwaye izaliswe yimizekelo ebonakalayo, le ncwadi imema abafundi ukuba bacamngce ngentsingiselo yobuhle kuyilo lwezakhiwo kunye nendlela esinokuyila ngayo iindawo ezikhuthaza ulonwabo.
6. “Uyilo lwanamhlanje: Imbali ebalulekileyo” nguKenneth Frampton
Le ncwadi sisikhokelo esipheleleyo kwimbali yoyilo lwanamhlanje. UKenneth Frampton, umgxeki odumileyo wezakhiwo, uhlola uphuhliso lwezakhiwo ukususela kwinkulungwane ye-18 ukuya ekupheleni kwenkulungwane yama-20. Le ncwadi igubungela iintshukumo ezahlukeneyo zezakhiwo ezifana ne-modernism, i-postmodernism, kunye nezikolo ezahlukeneyo zanamhlanje. UFrampton ukwagxininisa impembelelo yentlalo, yezopolitiko, kunye netekhnoloji kuphuhliso lwezakhiwo zanamhlanje. Kuye nabani na ofuna ukuqonda imeko yembali yendlela yokwakha yanamhlanje, le ncwadi sisixhobo esixabisekileyo.
7. "Delirious New York" nguRem Koolhaas
Incwadi ethi “Delirious New York” yincwadi ezama ukutyhila indlela izakhiwo kunye nezakhiwo zasezidolophini zaseNew York City ezisebenza ngayo. URem Koolhaas, ngendlela yakhe yokubhala enomtsalane, uchaza iNew York njenge “Coney Island yengqondo”—indawo apho uvavanyo lokwakha lufumana khona ukubonakaliswa okugqwesileyo. Le ncwadi ihlola impilo yengqondo yesixeko ngokusebenzisa uyilo lwezakhiwo, ichaza ubudlelwane phakathi kwezakhiwo ezidumileyo, ucwangciso lwedolophu, kunye nobomi basezidolophini.
8. “Ukuya kwiSakhiwo esitsha” nguLe Corbusier
Yapapashwa ngo-1923, ethi "Towards a New Architecture" yimanifesto ebalulekileyo yomnye wabayili bezakhiwo abanempembelelo kakhulu kwinkulungwane yama-20, uLe Corbusier. Le ncwadi ichaza izimvo ezintsha zikaLe Corbusier malunga nomsebenzi kunye nemo kuyilo lwezakhiwo. Wagxininisa ukusebenza kakuhle, ukuba nengqiqo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwetekhnoloji yanamhlanje kuyilo lwezakhiwo. Iingcamango eziguqukayo ezifana "nendlu ngumatshini wokuphila" zavela kule ncwadi kwaye ziye zachaphazela izizukulwana zabayili bezakhiwo.
9. “Uyilo lweSixeko” ngu-Aldo Rossi
Kwincwadi yakhe ethi "The Architecture of the City," u-Aldo Rossi uhlola ubudlelwane phakathi koyilo lwezakhiwo nesixeko ngendlela enzulu yefilosofi. URossi ugxininisa ukubaluleka kokufunda iintlobo zezakhiwo kunye nemo yedolophu njengendlela yokuqonda imeko yembali nenkcubeko yendawo. Le ncwadi ibaluleke kakhulu kubafundi boyilo lwezakhiwo abafuna ukujula ukuqonda kwabo ithiyori yoyilo lwezakhiwo zasezidolophini kunye nefuthe lazo kuyilo lwanamhlanje.
10. “Ubunzima kunye nokungavisisani kwiZakhiwo” nguRobert Venturi
Incwadi kaRobert Venturi ethi "Complexity and Condiction in Architecture" inika umbono ophikisana nomgaqo wobulula obuxhaswa yi-modernism. Uthi uyilo lwezakhiwo lufanele lubonakalise ubunzima kunye nokuphikisana kobomi bomntu. Le ncwadi yaba yimbalasane ekuphuhlisweni kwe-postmodernism kwaye yaphefumlela abakhi abaninzi ukuba bahlole uyilo oludibeneyo nolunentsingiselo.
Ukuqukumbela
Ukufunda iincwadi zezifundo zoyilo lwezakhiwo lutyalo-mali oluxabisekileyo kuye nabani na ozimiseleyo ukulandela eli candelo. Ezi ncwadi zinika abafundi ulwazi olunzulu, iingcamango ezinamandla, kunye nogqozi oluxabisekileyo. Ukususela ekuqondeni okusisiseko kwezinto zoyilo ukuya kwithiyori yoyilo lwezakhiwo kunye nembali, ezi ncwadi zibonelela ngayo yonke into efunekayo ukuqonda nokuphuhlisa izakhono zokwakha. Nokuba ngabafundi, iingcali, okanye kwanabathandi boyilo lwezakhiwo, incwadi yezifundo efanelekileyo inokuba sisikhokelo esibathatha siye kwinqanaba eliphezulu lokuqonda.
Ngokuqhubeka nokufunda, asigcini nje ngokwandisa ulwazi lwethu kodwa sikwanegalelo ekudalweni kwendalo engcono nentle ngakumbi. Ngoko ke, ungathandabuzi ukuphonononga iincwadi ezikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla uze uqale ukuphonononga ihlabathi elinobutyebi boyilo lwezakhiwo.
