Kahulugan ng salamin na matambok
Ang isang uri ng salamin na ginagamit sa pang-araw-araw na buhay ay ang convex mirror. Ang convex mirror ay may mga kurbadong hugis, kung saan ang ibabaw ng salamin, na sumasalamin sa liwanag, ay kurba pasulong.
Mga gamit ng convex mirror
Kung nakakita ka na ng rearview mirror ng motorsiklo o kotse, siyempre, alam mo na ang gamit ng mga convex mirror sa pang-araw-araw na buhay. Ginagamit ang mga salamin bilang rearview mirror dahil ang mga imahe ay nabubuo gamit ang matambok na salamin ay patayo, at ang mga imahe ay mas maliit kaysa sa mga bagay kaya mas malawak ang saklaw ng mga tanawin. Bukod sa mas maliit na laki ng imahe, lahat imaheng nabuo ng mga convex mirror ay birtwal.
The focal point of the convex mirror
If the surface of a mirror that reflects light is exposed to a very distant object such as Sun rays, then the beam of light emitted by the sun
will parallel with the principal axis of the mirror, as shown in the figure below. The principal axis is an imaginary line perpendicular to the center of the mirror surface. In the figure below, the principal axis coincides with the focal point (F) of the mirror.
When strikes the surface of a mirror, each beam of light fulfill the law of reflection of light, where the angle of incidence is the same as the angle of reflection. If the dashed line is drawn from the base of the reflected light, all the dashed lines intersect at the same point, and this point is called the focal point (F) of the mirror.
The human eye sees the beam of light moving on a straight path and all the reflected light as if coming from the focal point of a mirror. The focal point is the image point of an object that is very far from the surface of the mirror, for example, sun and image are virtual.
The focal length of the convex mirror
Focal length (f) is the distance between the focal point (F) and the mirror surface. Point C is the center point of the mirror curvature. The focal length of the convex mirror is f (focal length = f = FQ) and the radius of curvature of the convex mirror is r (radius of curvature = r = CQ = CP).
The incoming ray hits a mirror on P then is reflected by the convex mirror, where the reflected light seems to come from the focal point F. The dashed line CP is a normal line. The incoming light and reflected light fulfill the law of reflection of light where the angle of incidence (θ) is equal to the angle of reflection (θ), and this angle is equal to the angle of the triangle PCQ (θ). The angle of triangle PCQ is the same as the angle of triangle CPF, therefore, the PFC triangle is an equilateral triangle. Because the PFC triangle is an equilateral triangle, the length of the PF equals the length of the CF. Assuming the width of the mirror is smaller than the radius of curvature of the mirror, the length of the PF is considered equal to the length of the FQ. Because CF = PF and PF = FQ then CQ = 2 CF = 2 FQ. CQ = r = radius of curvature of the mirror and FQ = f = focal length of the mirror. Thus, it can be concluded that the radius of curvature of the convex mirror (r) = 2x focal length (f) convex mirror. Mathematically:
r = 2f or f = r / 2
Pagbuo ng imahe gamit ang convex mirror
The concave mirrors can form real and virtual images, while the convex mirrors can only form virtual images. Regarding the image formation of an object by the convex mirrors has been explained in detail in the topic of image formation by the convex mirror.
Virtual na imahe
When a convex mirror reflects the light coming towards the convex mirror surface, the direction of the reflected light
seems to come from the focal point of the convex mirror and the center point of the curvature of the convex mirror. Because light does not pass behind a convex mirror, the image formed is a virtual image. If you place the screen in a position where there is a virtual image, there is no image on the screen. The virtual image exists because the human eye sees rays of light moving straight and looks as if the beams are coming from the point where the virtual image is.
