Teori ea equipartition ea eneji e nkiloe ka khopolo-taba ke Clerk Maxwell a sebelisa mechanics ea lipalo-palo. E bitsoa theorem hobane ha e na bopaki ba liteko. Equipartition ea eneji e bolela kabo e lekanang ea eneji.
Matla a kinetic a phetolelo a nkuwa motsamaong wa phetolelo, o nang le dikarolo tse tharo tsa lebelo: x-axis, y-axis, le z-axis. Dikarolo tsena tse tharo tsa lebelo ke ka lebaka leo nomoro ya 3 e hlahang ho equation e ka hodimo. Karolo e nngwe le e nngwe ya lebelo e bitswa tekanyo ya tokoloho. Hobane ho na le dikarolo tse tharo tsa lebelo, matla a kinetic a phetolelo a na le di-degree tse tharo tsa tokoloho.
Theorem ea equipmentpartition ea eneji e bolela hore eneji e tlameha ho ajoa ka ho lekana har'a maemo 'ohle a tokoloho. Kahoo, karolelano ea eneji bakeng sa tekanyo e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea tokoloho ke 1⁄2 kT.
Limolek'hule tsa khase ea monatomic
Limolek'hule tsa khase ea monatomiki li etsa motsamao oa phetolelo feela e le hore limolek'hule tsa khase ea monatomiki li be le likhato tse 3 tsa tokoloho.
Matla a tloaelehileng a kinetic bakeng sa molek'hule e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea khase ea monatomic ke:
3 (1⁄2 kT) = 3/2 kT = 3/2 nRT.
Bokhoni ba mocheso ba limolek'hule tsa khase ea monatomic:
C = 3/2 R = 3/2 (8,315 J/mol.K) = 12,47 J/Kg.K
Limolek'hule tsa khase tsa diatomic
Ntle le motsamao oa phetolelo, limolek'hule tsa khase ea diatomic le tsona li etsa motsamao oa ho potoloha le oa ho thothomela. Palo ea likhato tsa tokoloho bakeng sa motsamao oa phetolelo = 3. Ke likhato tse kae tsa tokoloho bakeng sa motsamao oa ho potoloha le oa ho thothomela?
Ho na le li-axe tse tharo tsa ho potoloha, e leng li-axe tsa x, y le z. Motsamao oa ho potoloha o potolohileng x-axis ha o kenyelelitsoe palong hobane liathomo tse peli tse etsang molek'hule li tsamaisana le axis ea ho potoloha. Ha li tsamaisana le x-axis, motsotso oa inertia oa liathomo ka bobeli = 0. Kahoo, palo ea likhato tsa tokoloho bakeng sa motsamao oa ho potoloha = 2.
Matla a tloaelehileng bakeng sa molek'hule e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea khase ea diatomic ke:
3(1⁄2 kT) + 2(1⁄2 kT) = 5/2 kT = 5/2 nRT.
Bokgoni ba mocheso ba dimolek'hule tsa khase tsa diatomic:
C = 5/2 R = 5/2 (8,315 J/mol.K) = 20,79 J/Kg.K
Bokgoni ba mocheso ba limolek'hule bo fumanoeng ka khopolo-taba bo boholo hanyane ho feta bokgoni ba sebele ba mocheso. 
limolek'hule tsa khase ea diatomic tse fumanoeng ka liteko.
Ha li thothomela, limolek'hule tsa khase ea diatomic li na le mefuta e 'meli ea matla: matla a kinetic le matla a elastic potential. Ka hona, palo ea likhato tsa tokoloho bakeng sa motsamao oa ho thothomela ke 2.
Matla a tloaelehileng bakeng sa molek'hule e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea khase ea diatomic ke:
3(1⁄2 kT) + 2(1⁄2 kT) + 2(1⁄2 kT) = 7/2 kT = 7/2 nRT.
Bokgoni ba mocheso ba dimolek'hule tsa khase tsa diatomic:
C = 7/2 R = 7/2 (8,315 J/mol.K) = 29,1 J/Kg.K
Ka kopo bapisa sephetho sena le bokgoni ba mocheso ba dimolekhule tsa khase ya diatomiki tse fumanweng ka teko. Phapang e kgolo. Dimolekhule tsa khase ya diatomiki di na le di-degree tse 7 tsa tokoloho (motsamao wa phetolelo, wa potoloho, le wa ho thothomela), ka hona bokgoni ba mocheso ba dimolekhule tsa khase ya diatomiki tse fumanweng ka teko e lokela ho ba hoo e ka bang 29,1 J/Kg.J.
Tšusumetso ea motsamao oa ho thothomela holim'a bokhoni ba mocheso ba limolek'hule tsa khase ea diatomic le eona e itšetlehile ka mefuta ea mocheso (T). Liteko tsa pele li entsoe holim'a mefuta e fokolang ea mocheso. Liteko tsa morao tjena tse entsoeng holim'a mefuta e mengata ea mocheso li bontšitse hore bokhoni ba mocheso ba limolek'hule tsa khase le bona bo itšetlehile ka mefuta ea mocheso. Ho utloisisa bothata bona hamolemo, ha re hlahlobeng phapang ea bokhoni ba mocheso ba limolek'hule tsa khase ea haedrojene mochesong o fapaneng.
Phapang bokgoning ba mocheso ba dimolek'hule tsa khase ya haeterojene dithempereichareng tse fapaneng.
Haedrojene (H2) ho kenyeletsoa le likhase tsa diatomic. Setšoantšo se ka lehlakoreng se bontša phapang ea bokhoni ba mocheso ba limolek'hule tsa khase ea haedrojene mochesong o fapaneng. Boleng ba bokhoni ba mocheso ba limolek'hule ba 5/2 R = 20,79 J/Kg.K bo mochesong o pakeng tsa 250 K le 750 K. Ka tlase ho 250 K, bokhoni ba mocheso oa limolek'hule ba khase ea haedrojene bo fokotseha khafetsa ho fihlela bo fihla ho 3/2 R = 12,47 J/Kg.K. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, ka holimo ho 750 K, bokhoni ba mocheso oa limolek'hule ba khase bo eketseha khafetsa ho fihlela bo fihla ho 7/2 R = 29,1 J/Kg.K.
Ho latela taba ena, re ka re maemong a tlase a mocheso, limolek'hule tsa khase li etsa motsamao oa phetolelo feela. Hang ha mocheso o eketseha, limolek'hule tsa khase li etsa motsamao oa potoloho feela. Maemong a phahameng a mocheso, limolek'hule tsa khase lia thulana, e leng se etsang hore liathomo tse etsang limolek'hule li etse motsamao oa ho thothomela. Kahoo, mefuta ena e meraro ea motsamao e etsahala ka mekhahlelo, pele ke motsamao oa phetolelo feela (lithempereichara tse tlase), ebe ke phetolelo + potoloho (lithempereichara tse mahareng), 'me qetellong ke phetolelo + potoloho + ho thothomela (lithempereichara tse phahameng). Motsamao oa ho thothomela o etsahala feela ha limolek'hule tsa khase li thulana.
Sena ha se feela khase ea haedrojene, empa se boetse se sebetsa le likhase tse ling. Bo-rasaense ba fumane hore matla a mocheso a limolek'hule tsa khase le 'ona a atisa ho fetoha ho latela mocheso. Liphetoho li tšoana le tse bonoang ke khase ea haedrojene, empa hobane sebopeho sa khase ka 'ngoe sea fapana (palo le mefuta ea liathomo tseo li nang le tsona), liphetoho matla a mocheso le tsona li etsahala maemong a fapaneng a mocheso.
Teori ea equipartition ea eneji e bolela hore matla ohle a tlameha ho ajoa ka ho lekana ho pholletsa le tekanyo e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea tokoloho. Ha e le hantle, matla a eketsehileng a fumanoang ke limolek'hule tsa khase ha a ajoa ka ho lekana ho pholletsa le tekanyo e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea tokoloho, empa a ajoa butle-butle. Ho feta moo, equation ea bokhoni ba mocheso oa limolek'hule ba khase, boo re bo fumaneng ka khopolo-taba bo thehiloe khopolo-taba ea kinetic ea likhase, e bolela hore bokhoni ba mocheso oa limolek'hule bo itšetlehile feela ka R (1/2 R bakeng sa tekanyo e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea tokoloho). Ha e le hantle, bokhoni ba mocheso oa limolek'hule le bona bo angoa ke mocheso (T).
Ho ka etsoa liqeto tse 'maloa. Ea pele, khopolo-taba ea matla ea equipartition e nkiloe ho mechanics ea lipalo-palo ea khale, e thehiloeng melaong ea Newton ea mechanics. Ea bobeli, khopolo-taba ea kinetic ea likhase, eo re e sebelisang ho hlalosa motsamao oa limolek'hule tsa khase, le eona e thehiloe melaong ea Newton ea mechanics. Hobane khopolo-taba ea matla ea equipartition le khopolo-taba ea kinetic ea likhase li tlōtsoe, ho ka fihleloa qeto ea hore melao ea Newton ea mechanics ha e khone ho hlalosa motsamao o etsahalang boemong ba athomo kapa ba limolek'hule. Ka mantsoe a mang, mechanics ea Newtonian, kapa mechanics ea khale, e ka hlalosa motsamao oa taba feela ka tekanyo e kholo.
