Karolo ea Lipalo-palo Saenseng ea Histori
Lipalopalo, e le lekala la mahlale le shebaneng le pokello, tlhahlobo, tlhaloso le tlhahiso ea data, hangata li amahanngoa le masimo a kang moruo, kelello le mahlale a tlhaho. Leha ho le joalo, karolo ea eona historing, leha mohlomong e sa tsejoe haholo, ke ea bohlokoa ebile e ntse e atoloha. Histori, eo ka motheo e leng thuto ea nako e fetileng, e kenyelletsa kutloisiso ea nts'etsopele ea tsoelo-pele ea batho, liketsahalo tsa bohlokoa le matla a setso. Ha ho hahoa lipale tsa nalane tse nepahetseng le tse felletseng, bo-rahistori ba itšetleha haholo ka mekhoa le lisebelisoa tse fanoeng ke lipalo-palo.
Pokello ea Lintlha tsa Bongata le tsa Boleng
Mohato oa pele oa ho sebelisa lipalo-palo historing ke pokello ea lintlha. Lintlha tsa nalane e ka ba tsa lipalo-palo (lipalo, lipalo-palo tsa baahi, lirekoto tsa lekhetho, lipalo-palo tsa batho) kapa tsa boleng (lingoliloeng tsa boholo-holo tse ngotsoeng ka letsoho, mangolo, libuka tsa botho). Lipalo-palo li nolofalletsa bo-rahistori ho bokella le ho hlophisa lintlha tsa lipalo ka mokhoa o hlophisitsoeng. Sena se kenyelletsa ho khetholla mehloli ea data e tšepahalang, ho rala lipotso bakeng sa lipatlisiso, kapa ho khetha mehlala e emelang bakeng sa tlhahlobo e eketsehileng.
Mohlala, thuto ea lipalo-palo tsa baahi ba sebaka seo ka makholo a 'maloa a lilemo e ka etsoa ka ho bokella lintlha tsa palo ea batho ho tsoa linakong tse fapaneng. Lintlha tsena li hlahlojoa ho sebelisoa mekhoa ea lipalo-palo ho khetholla mekhoa le mekhoa, joalo ka kholo ea baahi, ho fallela litoropong, kapa ho falla.
Tlhahlobo ea Mekhoa le Mekhoa
Hang ha data e se e bokelletsoe, mohato o latelang ke tlhahlobo. Lipalopalo li fana ka lisebelisoa tse fapaneng tsa tlhahlobo tse ka senolang mekhoa le mekhoa ho tsoa ho data e bonahalang e sa reroa kapa e sa tsitsang. Mekhoa e kang tlhahlobo ea regression, tlhahlobo ea mangolo, kapa lihlopha e ka sebelisoa ho khetholla le ho bona likamano lipakeng tsa mefuta-futa.
Mohlala, ho utloisisa tšusumetso ea ntoa phetohong ea baahi, bo-rahistori ba ka sebelisa tlhahlobo ea ho khutlela morao ho ithuta kamano pakeng tsa matla a likhohlano le phetoho ea baahi libakeng tse fapaneng. Ka tsela ena, ba ka bona kamoo liketsahalo tse itseng li susumetsang kholo kapa ho fokotseha ha baahi, ho falla ka thata, kapa liphetoho sebopehong sa sechaba.
Ho Etsa Mehlala ea Nalane
Ho etsa mohlala ke mokhoa o mong oa lipalo-palo o ka sebelisoang lithutong tsa nalane. Mehlala ea lipalo-palo e lumella bo-rahistori ho etsisa maemo a fetileng le ho bolela esale pele nalane e meng. Mohlala, mehlala ea ketsiso e ka sebelisoa ho utloisisa maemo a moruo a lichaba tsa boholo-holo, kapa ho bolela esale pele kamoo liphetoho tsa moruo li ka susumetsang nts'etsopele ea sechaba le ea lipolotiki kateng.
Mohlala o khahlisang ke mohlala o sebelisetsoang ho utloisisa moruo oa Roma. Lintlha tsa lintho tsa khale le tsa mongolo mabapi le tlhahiso le kabo ea thepa li ka kenyelletsoa mehlala ea lipalo e etselitsoeng ho etsisa maemo a moruo oa Roma. Ka tsela ena, bo-rahistori ba ka hlahloba lipotso tse kang: moruo oa Roma o ile oa arabela joang liphetohong tse kholo tsa lipolotiki? Kabo ea thepa e itseng e ile ea ama botsitso ba sechaba joang?
Tlhaloso le Netefatso ea Khopolo-taba
Mokhoeng oa tlhaloso ea nalane, bo-rahistori hangata ba tobana le phephetso ea ho leka likhopolo-taba tsa bona ho latela lintlha tse fumanehang. Lipalo-palo li fana ka moralo oa ho etsa liteko tsa khopolo-taba, li lumella bo-rahistori ho leka likhopolo-taba tsa bona ka tsela e se nang leeme. Mohlala, haeba rahistori a batla ho fumana hore na ho na le kamano pakeng tsa makhetlo a likoluoa tsa tlhaho le ho etsahala ha merusu ea sechaba, tlhahlobo ea khopolo-taba e ka sebelisoa ho fumana bohlokoa ba lipalo-palo ba kamano eo.
Leha ho le jwalo, ho bohlokwa ho hopola hore, maemong a nalane, data hangata ha e phethahale ebile e leeme. Ka hona, bo-rahistori ba tlameha ho ba hlokolosi haholo ha ba toloka diphetho tsa dipalopalo mme kamehla ba nahane ka maemo a pharaletseng a nalane. Mekhoa e kang tlhahlobo ya kutlo le teko ya matla e ka thusa ho netefatsa hore diqeto di a tshepahala.
Pono ea Lintlha
Ho bona lintho ka mahlo ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea tlhahlobo ea lipalo-palo e nang le tšusumetso e kholo lithutong tsa nalane. Li-graph, limmapa le lichate li ka thusa ho hlahisa lintlha tse rarahaneng ka tsela e utloisisehang habonolo. Mohlala, 'mapa oa sehlooho o bontšang ho ata ha seoa nakong ea Mehla e Bohareng o ka fana ka temohisiso e bonahalang ea hore na lefu lena le ata joang le tšusumetso ea lona ho baahi.
Lisebelisoa tsa sejoale-joale tsa ho bona lintho, tse kang Litsamaiso tsa Tlhahisoleseling ea Sebaka (GIS), li lumella bo-rahistori ho theha limmapa tse sebelisanang tse ka hlahlojoang haholoanyane. GIS e ka sebelisoa ho hokahanya lintlha tsa lintho tsa khale le lintlha tsa sebaka, e leng se bontšang kamoo lintlha tsa sebaka li susumelitseng sebaka sa libaka tse itseng tsa bolulo kapa liketsahalo tsa nalane.
Motsoako le Mokhoa oa Boleng
Leha lipalo-palo li fana ka sesebelisoa se matla sa tlhahlobo, ho li kopanya le mekhoa ea boleng e ntse e le habohlokoa lithutong tsa nalane. Bo-rahistori ba tlameha ho lula ba nahana ka moelelo o pharaletseng oa sechaba, setso le lipolotiki ha ba toloka lintlha tsa lipalo-palo. Ho sebelisa lipalo-palo ntle le ho nahana ka moelelo ho ka lebisa ho nolofatseng ho feta tekano kapa esita le liqetong tse khelosang.
Ka mohlala, nakong e fetileng, palo ea batho ba bolailoeng ntoeng e ka be e ne e ka lekanngoa, empa ho utloisisa tšusumetso ea ntoa sechabeng le kelellong ho hloka mekhoa e tebileng ea boleng, joalo ka tlhahlobo ea lipale tsa mangolo a botho, li-dayari le mehloli e meng ea mantlha.
Tšebeliso Lithutong tsa Kajeno le Historing e Sebelisitsoeng
Tšebeliso ea lipalo-palo ha e felle feela historing ea boholo-holo kapa ea mehleng ea khale. Lithutong tsa nalane tsa mehleng ena, tlhahlobo ea lipalo-palo hangata e sebelisoa ho utloisisa liketsahalo tse kholo tsa lekholo la bo20 le la bo21 la lilemo, joalo ka Lintoa tsa Lefatše, mekhatlo ea sechaba le nts'etsopele ea lipolotiki. Lintlha tse tsoang mekhatlong ea lipatlisiso, polokelong ea litlaleho tsa mmuso le lirekoto tsa mecha ea litaba li ka hlahlojoa ka lipalo-palo ho khetholla mekhoa ea nako e telele le ho leka likhopolo-taba tsa nalane.
Mohlala, thutong ea nalane ea moruo ea kamora Ntoa ea II ea Lefatše, lintlha tse mabapi le tlhahiso ea indasteri, kholo ea GDP, le sekhahla sa ho hloka mosebetsi li ka hlahlojoa ho utloisisa matla a ho hlaphoheloa ha moruo linaheng tse fapaneng. Tšebeliso ea lipalo-palo moelelong ona e lumella bafuputsi ho khetholla lintlha tsa bohlokoa tse susumetsang ho hlaphoheloa ha moruo le ho bapisa katleho ea maano a fapaneng a moruo.
Qetello
Ka kakaretso, karolo ea lipalo-palo thutong ea nalane e na le mahlakore a mangata 'me ea bohlokoa. Ho tloha pokellong ea lintlha ho ea tlhahlobong le ponong, lipalo-palo li fana ka lisebelisoa le mekhoa e ka tebisang kutloisiso ea rona ea nako e fetileng. Leha liphephetso tse kang data e sa fellang le leeme la nalane li le teng, tšebeliso e hlokolosi ea lipalo-palo hammoho le mekhoa ea boleng e ka thusa bo-rahistori ho haha lipale tsa nalane tse nepahetseng le tse rutang haholoanyane.
Tšebeliso ea lipalo-palo historing ha e fetole feela tsela eo re utloisisang nako e fetileng ka eona, empa hape e bula menyetla ea lipatlisiso tse ncha le nts'etsopele ea likhopolo-taba tsa nalane tse nang le tsebo e batsi. Sena se re lumella ho ithuta hamolemo ho tsoa nakong e fetileng le ho li sebelisa liphephetsong tsa mehleng ena tseo re tobanang le tsona.
