Bohlokoa ba Tlhahlobo ea Lintlha Lipalopalong
Lipalopalo ke saense e shebaneng le pokello, tlhahlobo, tlhaloso, nehelano le tlhophiso ea data. Tlhahlobo ea data ke e 'ngoe ea likarolo tsa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa tsa lipalo-palo hobane e re nolofalletsa ho etsa liqeto tse nang le tsebo. Mehleng ea dijithale e tletseng data e kholo, bohlokoa ba tlhahlobo ea data lipalo-palong bo eketsehile haholo. Sengoloa sena se tla tšohla likarolo tse fapaneng tse etsang hore tlhahlobo ea data e be ea bohlokoa lipalo-palong, ho kenyeletsoa melemo ea eona, mekhoa le liphephetso.
Melemo ea Tlhahlobo ea Lintlha Lipalopalong
Ho etsa liqeto
E 'ngoe ea melemo ea mantlha ea tlhahlobo ea data ke ho ntlafatsa ho etsa liqeto. Makala a fapaneng, joalo ka khoebo, tlhokomelo ea bophelo bo botle, mmuso le thuto, data e sebelisoa ho etsa liqeto tse lebelletsoeng ho ntlafatsa bokhoni le katleho. Mohlala, lefatšeng la khoebo, tlhahlobo ea data e ka thusa ho utloisisa boitšoaro ba bareki, ho khetholla mekhoa ea 'maraka, le ho nts'etsapele maano a betere a ho bapatsa.
Ponelopele le Ponelopele
Ka ho sebelisa mekhoa ea tlhahlobo ea data, re ka etsa likhakanyo le likhakanyo tse nepahetseng haholoanyane. Mohlala, moruong, tlhahlobo ea data e thusa ho bolela esale pele ho phahama ha theko ea lintho, ho hloka mosebetsi le kholo ea GDP. Mekhoa ena ha e thuse feela ho bolela esale pele nako e khutšoanyane empa hape le ho rala nako e telele.
Boitsebiso ba Paterone
Ho utloisisa dipaterone ke karolo ya bohlokwa ya tlhahlobo ya data. Ka ho sebedisa mekgwa e fapaneng ya dipalopalo jwalo ka ho kgutlisa morao, tlhahlobo ya sehlopha, le tlhahlobo ya dintlha, re ka hlwaya dipaterone le dikamano pakeng tsa diphetoho. Mohlala, tlhahlobong ya mekitlane, dibanka di sebedisa data ya nalane ho fumana dipaterone tsa ho se hlole di le kadimo le ho ntshetsa pele mehlala e betere ya kotsi ya mekitlane.
Netefatso ea Khopolo-taba
Phuputsong ea saense, tlhahlobo ea data e sebelisoa ho leka le ho netefatsa likhopolo-taba. Ka ho sebelisa mekhoa ea lipalo-palo e kang teko ea t, tlhahlobo ea variance (ANOVA), le teko ea chi-square, bafuputsi ba ka fumana hore na ho na le kamano ea bohlokoa lipakeng tsa li-variable tse ithutoang. Sena se lumella bafuputsi ho etsa liqeto tse tšepahalang le ho ntlafatsa tsebo tšimong ea bona.
Mekhoa ea Tlhahlobo ea Lintlha Lipalopalong
Tlhahlobo e hlalosang
Tlhahlobo e hlalosang e kenyelletsa lipalo-palo tse hlalosang kapa tse akaretsang litšobotsi tsa sete ea data. Mekhoa ena e kenyelletsa ho bala karolelano, bohareng, mokhoa, ho kheloha ho tloaelehileng, le mefuta e fapaneng ea pono ea data joalo ka li-histogram, lichate tsa pie, le lipalo tse hasanyang. Tlhahlobo e hlalosang e thusa haholo ho faneng ka kakaretso ea data e hlahlojoang.
Tlhahlobo ea ho Qetela
Tlhahlobo ea ho nahana e kenyelletsa ho akaretsa ho tloha ho data ea sampole ho ea ho baahi. Mehlala e kenyelletsa tšebeliso ea linako tsa kholiseho le tlhahlobo ea khopolo-taba ho etsa liqeto ka baahi ho latela data ea sampole. Mekhoa ena e re lumella ho etsa lipolelo ka baahi ntle le ho shebella setho se seng le se seng sa baahi.
Ho Khutla le Kamano
Ho khutlela morao le kamano ke mekhoa ea tlhahlobo e sebelisoang ho khetholla kamano pakeng tsa mefuta e 'meli kapa ho feta. Kamano e lekanya hore na mefuta e 'meli e amana hakae ka tsela e otlolohileng, ha ho khutlela morao ho sebelisoa ho bolela esale pele boleng ba mofuta o itšetlehileng ka oona ho latela boleng ba mefuta e ikemetseng. Mekhoa ena ea bohlokoa lipatlisisong tsa moruo, lipalo-palo tsa baeloji le saense ea sechaba.
Tlhahlobo ea Multivariate
Tlhahlobo ea li-multivariate e kenyelletsa ho sekaseka data e nang le li-variable tse fetang e le 'ngoe tsa ho shebella. Mekhoa ena e kenyelletsa tlhahlobo ea lintlha, tlhahlobo ea likarolo tse kholo (PCA), le tlhahlobo ea lihlopha. Tlhahlobo ea li-multivariate e thusa haholo maemong ao data e nang le li-variable tse ngata 'me e rarahane.
Liphephetso tsa Tlhahlobo ea Lintlha
Boleng ba Lintlha
E 'ngoe ea liphephetso tse kholo tlhahlobong ea data ke boleng ba data. Lintlha tse sa fellang, tse sa nepahalang, kapa tse leeme li ka lebisa liphethong tsa tlhahlobo tse khelosang. Ka hona, ho bohlokoa ho etsa lits'ebetso tsa ho hloekisa data le ho netefatsa pele ho etsoa tlhahlobo.
Lintlha tsa Molumo
Mehleng ena ea data e kholo, bongata bo boholo ba data e ka ba phephetso. Ho laola, ho boloka le ho sekaseka bongata bo boholo ba data ho hloka mehloli ea bohlokoa ea k'homphieutha le mekhoa e rarahaneng. Hangata sena se hloka tšebeliso ea software e tsoetseng pele ea tlhahlobo ea data le tsebo ea li-algorithms tse sebetsang hantle.
Lekunutu le Boitšoaro
Ha ho sebetsanoa le data, haholo-holo data ea botho kapa ea bohlokoa, ho na le litaba tsa bohlokoa tsa lekunutu le tsa boitšoaro tse lokelang ho nahanoa. Melao ea tšireletso ea data, joalo ka European GDPR, e fana ka litataiso tse tiileng mabapi le hore na data e lokela ho bokelloa, ho bolokoa le ho hlahlojoa joang. Bahlahlobi ba data ba tlameha ho netefatsa hore lekunutu la motho ka mong le sirelelitsoe le hore melao le melao e sebetsang ea lateloa.
Tlhaloso ea Liphetho
Ho toloka liphetho tsa tlhahlobo ea data le hona ke phephetso. Esita le haeba tlhahlobo ea data e nepahetse ka botekgeniki, liphoso tsa ho toloka liphetho li ka lebisa liqetong tse fosahetseng. Ka hona, bokhoni ba ho toloka liphetho tsa tlhahlobo ka nepo bo bohlokoa.
Litšebeliso tsa Tlhahlobo ea Lintlha Masimong a Fapaneng
Khoebo le Moruo
Kgwebong, tlhahlobo ya data e sebedisetswa merero e fapaneng, ho kenyeletswa ho utlwisisa mekgwa ya mmaraka, ho sekaseka boitshwaro ba bareki, ho laola thepa e rekilweng le ho ntlafatsa tshebetso ya khamphani. Moruong, data e sebedisetswa ho etsa diponelopele tsa moruo le ho ntshetsa pele maano a setjhaba a sebetsang hantle.
Bophelo bo botle
Tlhahlobo ea lintlha tlhokomelong ea bophelo bo botle e akaretsa ntho e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ho tloha tsamaisong ea sepetlele ho ea lipatlisisong tsa bongaka. Lintlha li sebelisoa ho sekaseka katleho ea mekhoa ea phekolo, ho khetholla mabaka a kotsi bakeng sa mafu a itseng, le ho nts'etsapele meriana e mecha.
Thuto
Thutong, tlhahlobo ea data e sebelisoa ho latela tsoelo-pele ea baithuti, ho lekola lenaneo la thuto, le ho khetholla libaka tse lokelang ho ntlafatsoa. Tlhahlobo ea data e nolofalletsa litsi tsa thuto ho etsa liqeto tse betere ho ntlafatsa boleng ba thuto.
Olahraga
Lipapaling, tlhahlobo ea data e sebelisoa ho lekola ts'ebetso ea baatlelete, ho nts'etsapele maano a lipapali, le ho laola lichelete tsa sehlopha. Mohlala o tummeng ke ts'ebeliso ea sehlopha sa baseball sa Oakland Athletics ea tlhahlobo ea data, e ileng ea totobatsoa bukeng le filiming ea "Moneyball."
Qetello
Tlhahlobo ea data lipalo-palong ke karolo ea bohlokoa hobane e re nolofalletsa ho etsa liqeto ho latela bopaki bo tiileng. Re sebelisa mekhoa e fapaneng ea tlhahlobo, joalo ka tlhahlobo ea tlhaloso, ea ho nahana, ea ho khutlela morao, le ea multivariate, re ka senola tlhahisoleseling e patiloeng datang le ho etsa likhakanyo tse nepahetseng haholoanyane. Leha ho le joalo, tlhahlobo ea data e boetse e tobana le liphephetso tse fapaneng, joalo ka boleng ba data, bongata ba data, lekunutu le tlhaloso ea liphetho. Ka ho sebetsana le liphephetso tsena, re ka sebelisa bokhoni bohle ba tlhahlobo ea data ho ntlafatsa likarolo tse fapaneng tsa maphelo a rona, ho tloha khoebong ho ea tlhokomelo ea bophelo le thuto.
