Tšebeliso ea Mekhoa ea Bongata Lipatlisisong tsa Kahisano
Thuto ea kahisano ke thuto e ithutang sechaba, likamano lipakeng tsa batho ka bomong, le meaho e meng e fapaneng ea sechaba. Ho utloisisa bothata bona, litsebi tsa kahisano li sebelisa mekhoa e fapaneng ea lipatlisiso. Mokhoa o mong o sebelisoang haholo ke mokhoa oa lipalo. Sengoloa sena se tla hlahloba ts'ebeliso ea mekhoa ea lipalo lipatlisisong tsa kahisano, se akaretsa tlhaloso ea eona, melemo le mefokolo, le mehlala e fapaneng ea ts'ebeliso ea eona lithutong tsa kahisano.
Tlhaloso ea Mokhoa oa Bongata
Mekhoa ea lipalo ke mekhoa e sebelisang lipalo le lipalo-palo ho sekaseka liketsahalo tsa sechaba. Lintlha li fumanoa ka mekhoa e fapaneng e kang lipatlisiso, lipotso tsa lipotso, liteko le tlhahlobo ea data ea bobeli. Mokhoa ona o beha pele ho hloka leeme 'me o qoba leeme la mofuputsi. Liphetho tsa lipatlisiso tsa lipalo hangata li hlahisoa ka mokhoa oa li-graph, litafole le lipalo-palo tse thusang ho hlalosa mekhoa le mekhoa ea sechaba.
Melemo ea Mekhoa ea Bongata
1. Ho se nke lehlakore: E 'ngoe ea melemo e meholo ea mekhoa ea lipalo ke bokhoni ba eona ba ho fihlela ho se nke lehlakore. Ka ho sebelisa lintlha tsa lipalo, litlhaloso tsa maikutlo tsa bafuputsi li ka fokotsoa.
2. Ho Pheta-pheta: Lintlha tsa bongata li lumella lipatlisiso hore li ka phetoa habonolo. Ka ho sebelisa mokhoa o tšoanang, liphetho tsa lipatlisiso li ka netefatsoa ke bafuputsi ba bang.
3. Kakaretso: Liphetho tse fumanoeng ho tsoa sampole e emelang li ka akaretsoa ho baahi ba bangata. Sena se fana ka botšepehi le bonnete bo phahameng ho liphuputso.
4. Bokgoni ba Nako le Ditjeo: Ha ho sebediswa mekgwa e kang diphuputso tsa inthanete, pokello ya data e ka etswa kapele le ka theko e tlase. Sena se bohlokwa haholo dipatlisisong tse pharaletseng.
Mathata a Mekhoa ea Bongata
1. Meeli ea ho Hlahloba Moelelo: Mekhoa ea lipalo e ka thatafalloa ho hapa moelelo o tebileng oa liketsahalo tsa sechaba. Mokhoa ona o shebana haholo le se etsahalang ho feta hore na ke hobane'ng ha se etsahala.
2. Kotsi ea Phokotso ea Mathata: Phephetso e 'ngoe ke bokhoni ba ho fokotsa liketsahalo tse rarahaneng tsa sechaba ho ba lipalo le lipalo-palo feela. Sena se ka hlokomoloha lintlha tsa bohlokoa le lintlha tse ka senoloang ka mekhoa ea boleng.
3. Mathata a Moralo oa Litekanyo: Ho hlahisa lethathamo la lipotso kapa phuputso e nepahetseng le e tšepahalang e ka ba mosebetsi o rarahaneng. Liphoso tsa moralo oa litekanyo li ka ama liphetho tsa lipatlisiso 'me tsa lebisa liqetong tse fosahetseng.
Tšebeliso ea Mekhoa ea Bongata ho Sosioloji
1. Phuputso ea Sechaba
Diphuputso ke e 'ngoe ea mekhoa e sebelisoang haholo ea lipalo lipatlisisong tsa kahisano. Bafuputsi ba ka rala lipotso ho bokella lintlha ho tsoa lisampoleng tse emelang. Diphuputso li ka akaretsa lihlooho tse fapaneng, tse kang mekhoa ea tšebeliso, likhetho tsa lipolotiki, litekanyetso tsa sechaba, le tse ling.
Mohlala o motle ke Phuputso e Akaretsang ea Sechaba (GSS), e etsoang United States lilemo tse ling le tse ling tse peli. GSS e bokella lintlha mabapi le likarolo tse fapaneng tsa bophelo ba sechaba, ho kenyeletsoa maikutlo, boitšoaro le lipalo-palo tsa batho. Lintlha tsena li sebelisoa lipatlisisong tsa kahisano, lipolotiki le moruo.
2. Teko
Liteko tsa thuto ea kahisano li ikemiselitse ho utloisisa likamano tsa sesosa le phello lipakeng tsa lintho tse fetohang. Le hoja li sebelisoa haholo thutong ea kelello, mekhoa ea liteko le eona ea bohlokoa thutong ea kahisano. Mohlala, liteko tsa tšimo li ka etsoa ho fumana hore na liphetoho tse itseng tsa leano li ama boitšoaro ba batho joang.
Teko e tsebahalang haholo lefapheng la thuto ea kahisano ke phuputso ea "Ho Tsamaea ho Monyetla" e entsoeng US. Phuputso ena e ne e reretsoe ho hlahloba tšusumetso ea malapa a nang le chelete e tlase a fallelang libakeng tse betere thutong ea bana le boiketlong ba malapa.
3. Tlhahlobo ea Lintlha tsa Bobeli
Tlhahlobo ea bobeli ea data e kenyelletsa ho sebelisa data e seng e bokelletsoe ke bafuputsi kapa mekhatlo e meng. Mehlala e kenyelletsa data ea palo ea batho, data ea lipatlisiso tsa naha, kapa data e tsoang mekhatlong e fapaneng ea mmuso le e seng ea mmuso.
Lipatlisiso tse sebelisang tlhahlobo ea bobeli ea data li molemo haholo hobane li boloka nako le chelete. Bafuputsi ba ka sekaseka data ena ho utloisisa mekhoa e fapaneng ea sechaba le likamano lipakeng tsa lintho tse fetohang. Mohlala, ba sebelisa data e tsoang ho United States Census Bureau, bafuputsi ba ka ithuta liphetoho tsa demographic le litlamorao tsa tsona bakeng sa leano la sechaba.
4. Tlhahlobo ea Marang-rang a Sechaba
Tlhahlobo ea marang-rang a sechaba ke mokhoa oa lipalo o sebelisoang ho ithuta mekhoa ea likamano tsa sechaba pakeng tsa batho ka bomong kapa lihlopha. Marang-rang a sechaba a hlalosa kamoo batho ka bomong ba hokahaneng le ba bang le kamoo tlhahisoleseling kapa mehloli e phallang ka har'a marang-rang ao.
Mohlala oa ts'ebeliso ea tlhahlobo ea marang-rang a sechaba ke lipatlisiso mabapi le kamoo marang-rang a sechaba a susumetsang lipatlisiso tsa mesebetsi. Lithuto li bontša hore maemong a mangata, batho ba fumana mesebetsi ka likamano tsa bona tsa sechaba, e leng ketsahalo e tsejoang e le "khopolo-taba ea motse-moholo oa sechaba."
5. Mokhoa oa ho Bapisa oa Linaha tse Tšeletseng
Mekhoa ea ho bapisa lichaba e kenyelletsa ho sekaseka lintlha tse tsoang linaheng tse fapaneng ho hlahloba liphapang le ho tšoana liketsahalong tsa sechaba. Sena se lumella bafuputsi ho utloisisa kamoo maemo a setso, lipolotiki, kapa moruo a susumetsang likarolo tse fapaneng tsa bophelo ba sechaba.
Mohlala, bafuputsi ba ka bapisa maemo a thabo pakeng tsa linaha tsa Nordic le linaha tse Asia Boroa-bochabela ho bona kamoo lintlha tse kang boiketlo ba sechaba, litsamaiso tsa bophelo bo botle le maano a mmuso li amang thabo ea baahi kateng.
Qetello
Mekhoa ea lipalo e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa lipatlisisong tsa kahisano. Melemo ea eona ea ho fana ka lintlha tse se nang leeme, ho pheta-pheta, le ho akaretsa liphuputso li etsa hore e be ea bohlokoa bakeng sa ho utloisisa liketsahalo tsa kahisano ka bophara. Leha ho le joalo, bafuputsi ba tlameha ho hlokomela hore mekhoa ena e na le meeli ea ho hlahloba moelelo o tebileng oa liketsahalo tsa kahisano le bokhoni ba tsona ba ho fokotsa ho rarahana ha sechaba.
Ha e le hantle, bafuputsi ba bangata ba sebelisa mokhoa oa mekhoa e tsoakiloeng, ba kopanya mekhoa ea bongata le ea boleng ho sebelisa matla a bona le ho fokotsa mefokolo ea bona. Ka tsela ena, litsebi tsa kahisano li ka fumana kutloisiso e batsi ea sechaba le matla a sechaba.
Ka hona, ts'ebeliso ea mekhoa ea lipalo lipatlisisong tsa kahisano e ntse e le ea bohlokoa ebile e le ea bohlokoa boitekong ba ho araba lipotso tse fapaneng tsa kahisano le ho theha maano a sebetsang hantle a thehiloeng bopaking.
