Mokhoa oa ho Etsa Sesepa se Thehiloeng ho Enzyme
Mehleng ena ea kajeno, tlhoko ea lihlahisoa tsa tlhokomelo le bohloeki e ntse e eketseha. E 'ngoe ea lihlahisoa tsa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa ke sesepa. Sesebelisoa se setle sa ho hlatsoa se tlameha ho khona ho tlosa matheba ka katleho ntle le ho senya liaparo. E 'ngoe ea lintho tse ncha tsa morao-rao indastering ea sesepa ke tšebeliso ea li-enzyme. Li-enzyme ke li-catalyst tsa baeloji tse ka potlakisang liketso tsa lik'hemik'hale, ho kenyeletsoa le ho senyeha ha matheba a tlhaho liaparong. Ka tlase, re tla buisana ka botebo ka mokhoa oa ho etsa sesepa se thehiloeng ho li-enzyme.
Histori e Khutšoanyane ea Tšebeliso ea Enzyme ho Li-Detergent
Tšebeliso ea li-enzyme ka har'a sesepa e qalile ho hlahisoa lilemong tsa bo-1960. Li-enzyme tse neng li sebelisoa qalong e ne e le li-protease, tse nang le bokhoni ba ho qhaqha liprotheine. Ho tloha ka nako eo, tšebeliso ea li-enzyme ka har'a sesepa e atolohile ka ho eketsoa ha mefuta e fapaneng ea li-enzyme tse kang lipase (ho tlosa mafura), amylase (ho qhaqha starch), le cellulase (e thusang ho boloka 'mala le bonolo ba masela).
Mefuta ea Li-enzyme tse Sebelisitsoeng ka Li-detergent
1. Protease: Enzyme ena e qhaqha liprotheine tse atisang ho fumanoa matheba a lijo a kang mahe, mali le lihlahisoa tsa lebese.
2. Lipase: Enzyme ena e sebetsa hantle ho qhaqheng mafura le oli tse atisang ho fumanoa matheba a mafura a lijo tse kang lisoso le botoro.
3. Amylase: Enzyme ena e sebelisetsoa ho qhaqha starch e atisang ho fumanoa matheba a lijo a kang raese le pasta.
4. Cellulase: Enzyme ena e thusa ho boloka bonolo ba lesela le ho thibela tshenyo ya faeba le ho fokotsa ponahalo ya difaeba tse nyane hodima lesela, tse tsejwang e le pilling.
Lisebelisoa tse Hlokahalang
Ho etsa sesepa se entsoeng ka li-enzyme, metsoako eo u tla e hloka ke ena:
1. Li-surfactant tsa Anionic le Non-ionic: Li-surfactant ke metsoako e meholo ka har'a sesepa se thusang ho fokotsa tsitsipano ea metsi le ho lumella metsi ho qhala litšila le matheba. Mehlala ea li-surfactant tsa anionic ke sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) le sodium laureth sulfate (SLES), ha li-surfactant tse seng tsa ionic li kenyelletsa joala bo kopantsoeng.
2. Li-enzyme: Khetha enzyme ho latela letheba leo u batlang ho le phekola. U ka reka li-enzyme tsa protease, lipase, amylase le cellulase ka khoebo.
3. Mohahi: Bahahi ba thusa ho matlafatsa katleho ea li-surfactants. Mehlala ea bahahi ke sodium tripolyphosphate, zeolite, kapa citrate.
4. Setlatsetsi: Tse kang sodium sulfate e sebetsang e le sesebelisoa sa ho tsitsisa 'me e etsa sesepa se se nang letho.
5. Lisebelisoa tse ling: Tse kang li-polycarboxylate ho thibela ho monngoa hape ha litšila leselang, lintho tse thibelang ho tsosolosoa ha tsona, le lintho tse khantšang leseli ho eketsa khanya ea 'mala oa lesela.
6. Metsi: E le motsoako oa motheo oa ho qhala likarolo tsohle.
Mokhoa oa Tlhahiso
Mehato ea ho etsa sesepa se entsoeng ka li-enzyme ke ena:
1. Ho Etsa Motheo oa Detergent
Mohato oa pele ke ho kopanya li-surfactant tsa anionic le tse seng tsa ionic. Ka tekanyo ea indasteri, ts'ebetso ena hangata e etsoa li-reactor tse kholo tsa ho kopanya.
1. Ho Lekanya le ho Kopanya Di-Surfactant:
– Bekha tekanyo e hlokahalang ea anionic surfactant joalo ka SLS kapa SLES.
– Kopanya anionic surfactant le nonionic surfactant ka tekanyo e loketseng.
– Hlohlelletsa ho fihlela li tsoakane ka ho lekana u sebelisa motsoako oa indasteri kapa motsoako oa lebelo le phahameng.
2. Ho eketsa Mohahi:
– Kenya mohahi (mohlala, sodium tripolyphosphate) motswakong wa surfactant.
– Etsa bonnete ba hore sehahi se qhibilihile ka botlalo motswakong.
3. Ho Eketsa Metsi:
– Kenya metsi a lekaneng ho fihlela ho fihlelleha botsitso bo lakatsehang.
– Hlohlelletsa ka ho tsoelang pele ho netefatsa hore metsoako eohle e tsoakane hantle 'me ha ho na likoti.
2. Ho eketsoa ha Li-enzyme
Hang ha setsi sa sesepa se se se loketse, mohato o latelang ke ho eketsa dienzyme. Ho eketsoa ha dienzyme ho lokela ho etswa tlasa maemo a laolwang ho netefatsa hore ha di tjhese.
1. Tokisetso ea Enzyme:
– Bekha enzyme ho latela mahloriso a hlokahalang. Ka tlwaelo, dienzyme di eketswa ka mahloriso a tlase (1-2% ya bongata bohle).
– Li-enzyme li lokela ho tšoaroa ka hloko 'me hangata li qhibiliha ka metsing pele ho nolofatsa ho kopanya.
2. Ho kenyelletsoa ha Li-enzyme ka har'a Sesepa sa Detergent:
– Kenya tharollo ea enzyme butle-butle setsing sa sesepa ha u ntse u hlohlelletsa khafetsa. Mocheso oa ho kopanya o lokela ho laoloa hore o lule sebakeng se sa senyeng li-enzyme (hangata ka tlase ho 40°C).
– Hlohlelletsa ho fihlela li-enzyme li ajoa ka ho lekana ka har'a motsoako.
3. Ho eketsa lintho tse ling tse ekelitsoeng
Li-additives tse ling li ka eketsoa ka mor'a hore ho kopanngoa ha li-enzyme ho phethehe.
1. Disebediswa tse kgantshang mahlasedi a lesedi le disebediswa tse thibelang ho fetoha ha mahlasedi:
– Kenya lintho tse eketsang tse kang lintho tse khantšang mabone ho ntlafatsa 'mala le khanya ea lesela.
– Kenya di-anti-redeposition agents ho thibela dikarolwana tsa ditshila hore di se ke tsa kgomarela lesela hape.
2. Setsibi:
– Kenya di-stabilizer tse kang sodium sulfate le polycarboxylate ho netefatsa botsitso ba foromo ya sesepa.
– Hlohlelletsa ho fihlela li tsoakane ka ho lekana.
Taolo ea Boleng le Sephutheloana
Kamora hore sesepa se entsoeng ka li-enzyme se qete ho etsoa, mohato oa ho qetela ke ho etsa taolo ea boleng le ho paka.
1. Teko ea Boleng:
– Etsa liteko tsa boleng tse kenyeletsang ho leka bokgoni ba ho hlwekisa, botsitso ba enzyme, le ho dumellana ha sesepa le mefuta e fapaneng ya masela.
– Netefatsa hore sesepa se fihlela maemo a boleng a behiloeng pele se rekisoa.
2. Sephutheloana:
– Ho paka sesepa ho lokela ho etsoa tlas'a maemo a hloekileng ho thibela tšilafalo.
– Sebelisa sephutheloana se tiileng sa moea le mongobo ho netefatsa hore enzyme e lula e le teng.
Qetello
Lisepa tse entsoeng ka li-enzyme li fana ka monyetla oa ho tlosa matheba a tlhaho ka katleho ntle le ho senya likhoele tsa lesela. Ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso e kenyelletsa tsebo ea sebopeho sa lik'hemik'hale le tsa biochemical tsa li-enzyme. Ka ho latela mehato e boletsoeng, u ka etsa sesepa se sebetsang hantle le se mosa tikolohong se thehiloeng ho li-enzyme. Tlhahiso ena ha e khotsofatse feela tlhoko ea bareki bakeng sa lihlahisoa tse hloekisang hantle empa hape e kenya letsoho botsitsong ba tikoloho.
