Likarolo tse ka Sehloohong Sistimi ea Kabo ea Matla a Geothermal
Matla a geothermal, a tswang mochesong o ka hare wa Lefatshe, ke mohlodi wa matla a ntjhafatswang o ntseng o hola ka potlako. A theko e tlase, a tsitsitse, mme a na le tshusumetso e tlase tikolohong, a fana ka tharollo e tsitsitseng bakeng sa ditlhoko tsa matla a lefatshe. Tshebetso ya kabo ya matla a geothermal e kenyeletsa dikarolo tse mmalwa tsa bohlokwa, tse sebetsang ka kopanelo ho hlahisa le ho aba mocheso ho bareki ba ho qetela. Sengoloa sena se tla buisana ka dikarolo tsa bohlokwa tsa sistimi ya kabo ya matla a geothermal ka botlalo.
1. Mehloli ea Mocheso oa Geothermal
1.1. Matamo a Geothermal
Letangoana la geothermal ke sebaka se ka tlas'a bokaholimo ba Lefatše se nang le metsi a chesang kapa mouoane. Matangoana ana a thehoa ka lits'ebetso tsa jeoloji tse kenyelletsang mocheso o tsoang khubung ea Lefatše o phatsimang ka har'a lekhapetla. Matangoana a geothermal hangata a fumanoa libakeng tse nang le ts'ebetso e phahameng ea tectonic, joalo ka Indonesia, Iceland le California.
1.2. Mefuta ea Matamo a Geothermal
Ho na le mefuta e 'maloa ea matamo a geothermal a ka sebelisoang, ho kenyeletsoa:
– Matamo a metsi a chesang: A na le metsi a chesang kapa mouoane ka har'a mafika a nang le masoba.
– Sistimi ea Lefika le Chesang le Omileng (HDR): E entsoe ka lefika le chesang le omileng, leo metsi a ka kenngoang ho lona ho hlahisa mouoane o chesang.
– Sistimi ea Magmatic: Mocheso o tsoang ho magma o tšoasitsoeng ka har'a lekoko la Lefatše.
– Mekhoa ea Geopressure Fluid: E na le metsi a nang le khatello e phahameng haholo le mocheso o phahameng.
2. Ho Cheka le ho Batla ka Geothermal
2.1. Ho Cheka ha Pele
Ho tjheka ke mohato wa pele le o mong wa bohlokwa ka ho fetisisa ntshetsopeleng ya eneji ya geothermal. Ts'ebetso ena e kenyeletsa ho tjheka seliba ka hara letamo la geothermal. Diliba tsa geothermal di ka fihla botebong bo tebileng haholo, hangata di pakeng tsa dimithara tse 1.500 le 3.000, ho itshetlehile ka sebaka le mofuta wa letamo.
2.2. Mokhoa oa ho Fuputsa
Pele ho ho cheka, mekhoa e fapaneng ea jeofiziki e kang lipatlisiso tsa ho sisinyeha ha lefatše, magnetotelluric, le electromagnetic li sebelisoa ho khetholla matamo a ka bang teng a geothermal. Phuputso ena e thusa ho fumana libaka tse ntle ka ho fetisisa tsa ho cheka le ho fokotsa likotsi le litšenyehelo tse amanang le ho hlahloba.
3. Sistimi ea Phepelo ea Motlakase
3.1. Tlhahiso ea Mouoane le Tlhahiso ea Matla
Hang ha letamo la geothermal le sibollotsoe, metsi a chesang kapa mouoane o ntšitsoeng o sebelisoa ho khanna turbine ho hlahisa motlakase. Ho na le mefuta e meraro e meholo ea limela tsa motlakase tsa geothermal:
– Setsi sa Matla sa Mouoane se Omileng: Se sebedisa mouoane wa geothermal ho fetola turbine ka ho toba.
– Setsi sa Matla sa Mouoane se Fofang: Se nka metsi a chesang mobung a hatelloang, ebe se lokolloa khatellong e tlase ho hlahisa mouoane.
– Seteishene sa Matla sa Binary Cycle: Se sebedisa mokelikeli o sebetsang wa bobedi o nang le ntlha e tlase ya ho belisa ho feta metsi ho fapanyetsana mocheso o tswang metsing a geothermal le ho fetola turbine.
3.2. Sistimi ea Tšebeliso e Tobileng
Ntle le tlhahiso ea motlakase, matla a geothermal a boetse a sebelisoa ka ho toba bakeng sa ho futhumatsa sebaka, ho omisa, tšebeliso ea indasteri le temo, le matamo a ho sesa a futhumetseng. Mekhoa ea tšebeliso e tobileng ka kakaretso e bonolo ebile e theko e tlaase ho feta tlhahiso ea motlakase.
4. Kabo le Mekhoa ea Liphaephe
4.1. Liphaephe tsa ho Kena le ho Khutlisa
Mekhoa ea kabo ea matla a geothermal e sebelisa liphaephe ho tsamaisa le ho khutlisa metsi a chesang kapa mouoane ho ea le ho tsoa letamong. Liphaephe tsena li etselitsoe ho mamella mocheso o phahameng le likhatello, 'me li tlameha ho hanela mafome a bakoang ke lik'hemik'hale tse metsing a geothermal.
4.2. Li-Exchange tsa Mocheso (Li-Exchange tsa Mocheso)
Li-exchange tsa mocheso li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa litsamaisong tsa kabo ea matla a geothermal. Li fetisetsa mocheso ho tloha metsing a geothermal ho ea mokelikeling o mong ntle le ho kopanya tse peli. Li-exchange tsa mocheso hangata li sebelisoa litsamaisong tsa ho futhumatsa tsa setereke ho aba mocheso libakeng tse ngata ka nako e le 'ngoe.
5. Sistimi ea Taolo le Tlhokomelo
5.1. Sistimi ea Taolo
Mekhoa ea taolo ea sejoale-joale e sebelisa mekhoa ea Taolo ea Tsamaiso le ho Fumana Lintlha (SCADA) ho beha leihlo le ho laola liparamente tse fapaneng tse kang khatello, mocheso, le phallo ea metsi kapa mouoane ka har'a litsamaiso tsa kabo. Theknoloji ena e nolofalletsa basebetsi ho eketsa bokhoni ba sistimi le ts'epo.
5.2. Tlhokomelo le Tlhokomelo
Tlhokomelo e tsoelang pele e bohlokoa bakeng sa ho lemoha mathata esale pele. Li-sensor tse kentsoeng libakeng tse fapaneng tsamaisong li lumella ho lemoha mathata kapele joalo ka ho lutla ha liphaephe, ho theoha ha khatello le liphetoho tsa mocheso. Tlhokomelo e thibelang ke ea bohlokoa bakeng sa ho boloka ts'ebetso e tsoela pele le ho emisa mathata pele a e-ba a bohlokoa.
6. Tlhokomelo le Tlhokomelo ea Metsi
6.1. Phekolo ea Metsi a Mocheso oa Lefatše
Hangata metsi a geothermal a na le diminerale tse fapaneng tse qhibilihisitsoeng tse ka bakang boholo le mafome litsamaisong tsa kabo. Ka hona, kalafo ea metsi ke mohato oa bohlokoa ho netefatsa katleho ea sistimi le ho tšoarella ha eona. Mekhoa ea kalafo ea metsi e kang ho tlosa liminerale, ho sefa le tšebeliso ea lik'hemik'hale tse itseng hangata e sebelisoa ho rarolla mathata ana.
6.2. Tsamaiso ea Tikoloho
Tsamaiso ea tikoloho libakeng tsa tlhahiso ea matla a mocheso le eona ea bohlokoa. Tšebeliso ea liliba tse entsoeng ka ente ho khutlisetsa metsi mobung kamora ho sebelisoa e thusa ho boloka khatello ea matamo le ho fokotsa litlamorao tsa tikoloho. Maano a taolo ea litšila le mosi le 'ona a hloka ho kenngoa tšebetsong ho fokotsa litlamorao tse mpe tikolohong.
7. Marangrang a Kabo ea Mocheso
7.1. Sistimi ea ho Futhumatsa ea Setereke
Mekhoa ea ho futhumatsa ea litereke ke e 'ngoe ea lits'ebetso tse ka sehloohong tsa matla a mocheso oa lefatše, haholo-holo linaheng tse nang le mariha a malelele a batang. Mekhoa ena, matla a mocheso a tsoang mehloling ea mocheso oa lefatše a ajoa ka marang-rang a liphaephe ho ea mehahong e sebakeng se itseng. Mekhoa ea ho futhumatsa ea litereke e nolofalletsa tšebeliso e sebetsang hantle le e tsitsitseng ea matla a mocheso ka tekanyo e kholo, e fanang ka ho futhumatsa matlo a likete le mehaho ea khoebo.
7.2. Khopolo ea ho Arolelana Maemo a Setereke
Mokhoa oa morao-rao oa litsamaiso tsa kabo ea matla a geothermal ke oa ho arohanya libaka. Ho e-na le seteishene se le seng se seholo sa tlhahiso ea matla a motlakase, khopolo ena e kenyelletsa li-unit tse 'maloa tse nyane tsa tlhahiso tse haufi le mosebelisi oa ho qetela. Melemo ea mokhoa ona e kenyelletsa tahlehelo e fokotsehileng ea matla nakong ea phetisetso le ho tenyetseha ha sistimi.
Qetello
Mekhoa ea kabo ea matla a geothermal ke mekhoa e rarahaneng e entsoeng ka likarolo tse fapaneng tsa bohlokoa. Karolo ka 'ngoe, ho tloha matamo a geothermal le ho cheka le ho batlisisa, ho ea ho litsamaiso tsa tlhahiso ea motlakase, ho ea ho litsamaiso tsa taolo le tlhokomelo, hammoho le kalafo ea metsi le tsamaiso ea tikoloho, e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho netefatseng katleho le botšepehi ba sistimi ka kakaretso. Ka tsoelo-pele ea theknoloji le boqapi bo tsoelang pele, matla a geothermal a tsoela pele ho fana ka tharollo ea matla e hloekileng, e tsitsitseng le e theko e tlaase bakeng sa lefats'e le hlokang mokhoa o mong ho fapana le mafura a sa tsosolosoeng.
