Ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso ea polasetiki ea polyether ether ketone (PEEK) le ts'ebeliso ea eona indastering ea lifofane
Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) ke polasetiki ea boenjiniere e sebetsang hantle e sebelisoang haholo ha thepa e tlameha ho lula e le matla, e tsitsitse, ebile e sa chese tlas'a maemo a feteletseng. Indastering ea lifofane, PEEK e hohetse tlhokomelo hobane e ka nkela tšepe sebaka ka karolo e itseng likarolong tse itseng, ha e ntse e fana ka melemo e kang boima bo bobebe, khanyetso e phahameng ea lik'hemik'hale, le khanyetso ea mokhathala le ho tsofala. Sengoloa sena se tšohla ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso ea PEEK ho tsoa ponong ea lik'hemik'hale-polymer, mekhahlelo ea eona ea indasteri, le kamoo thepa ena e sebelisoang kateng lefatšeng la lifofane.
Ho sheba PEEK le litšobotsi tsa eona
PEEK ke ea lelapa la li-polymer tse nkhang hamonate tse semicrystalline. Sebopeho sa eona sa ketane se na le lihlopha tsa ether (-O-) le ketone (-CO-) tse hlophisitsoeng holim'a masale a monko o monate. Motsoako ona o fella ka thepa e matla ea mechini le botsitso bo phahameng ba mocheso. Ka kakaretso, PEEK e tsebahala ka ntlha ea eona e phahameng ea ho qhibiliha (hoo e ka bang 343°C), ho hanyetsa mocheso ka nako e telele, le ho hanyetsa li-solvents tse ngata le lik'hemik'hale tse matla. Ho feta moo, PEEK e hanyetsa mahlaseli 'me e ka etsoa ho fihlela litlhoko tsa polokeho tse kang ho hanyetsa mollo, mosi le chefo (FST), tse bohlokoa ka har'a lik'habote tsa lifofane.
Matlotlo ana a phahameng a etsa hore PEEK e be "thermoplastic e sebetsang hantle." Ho fapana le li-thermosets, tseo hang ha li thatafalitsoe li leng thata ho li sebelisa hape, PEEK, joalo ka thermoplastic, e ka sebetsoa hape ka ho futhumatsa, e leng se fanang ka ho tenyetseha ha tlhahiso (mohlala, ente, extrusion, compression, kapa lits'ebetso tse itseng tsa khatiso ea 3D), leha e hloka lisebelisoa tse khonang ho sebetsana le mocheso o phahameng.
Lisebelisoa tse tala le melao-motheo ea karabelo bakeng sa ho thehoa ha PEEK
Ka indasteri, PEEK e hlahisoa ka polymerization ea kholo ea mohato e kenyeletsang li-monomer tse aromatic tse kentsoeng tšebetsong. Tsela e 'ngoe ea maiketsetso e tsebahalang haholo e kenyelletsa karabelo ea li-dihalide tse aromatic tse nang le letsoai la bisphenolate ka har'a li-solvent tsa polar aprotic mochesong o phahameng. Ka khopolo-taba, ho thehoa ha bond ea ether ho etsahala ka ho nkeloa sebaka ha nucleophilic aromatic (SNAr), e sebetsang hantle meheleng ea aromatic e nang le lihlopha tse ntle tsa ho hula le ho tlohela li-electron.
Mokgweng wa indasteri, kgetho ya monomer, mofuta wa motheo, kgetho ya ditharollo, le taolo ya bohloeki di susumetsa haholo boima ba dimolek'hule tsa polymer, kabo ya boima ba dimolek'hule, mmala le tshebetso ya ho qetela. Hobane PEEK e reretswe ditshebediso tsa bohlokwa (ho kenyeletswa le sefofane), ditshila tsa ionic, mongobo le maemo a masalla a ditharollo di lokela ho laolwa ka thata.
Mehato ea ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso ea indasteri ea PEEK
Leha moetsi e mong le e mong a ka ba le diphetoho ditshebetsong le diresepeng tsa hae tse sireleditsweng, tshebetso e akaretsang ya tlhahiso ya PEEK e ka akaretswa ka mehato e latelang.
1) Ho lokisa le ho hloekisa thepa e tala
Mehato ea pele e kenyelletsa ho omisa monomer le solvent, hammoho le ho hloekisa ho tlosa litšila tse kang metsi, li-ion tsa tšepe, kapa metsoako e ka emisang kholo ea ketane (li-terminator tsa ketane). Metsi ke sera se seholo lits'ebetsong tse ngata tsa polymerization ea condensation hobane a ka fetola reactivity le ho ama boima ba limolek'hule tsa sehlahisoa. Ka hona, sistimi hangata e bolokoa e omme haholo, ho kenyeletsoa le tšebeliso ea khase e sa sebetseng bakeng sa ho koahela.
2) Ho thehoa ha letsoai la bisphenolate (ts'ebetso ea nucleophile)
Hangata li-monomer tsa phenolic li fetoloa hore e be mefuta ea tsona ea letsoai ho sebelisoa motheo (mohlala, carbonate). Sepheo ke ho hlahisa nucleophile e matla (phenolate) e hlaselang habonolo monomer ea aromatic ea halogenated. Mohato ona o boetse o hloka taolo e nepahetseng ea stoichiometric, kaha ho se leka-lekane karo-karolelano ea ts'ebetso ho ka fokotsa tekanyo ea polymerization le ho ama thepa ea mechini.
3) Karabelo ea polymerization mochesong o phahameng
Karabelo e ka sehloohong e etsahala mochesong o phahameng ka har'a reactor e sa senyeheng e khonang ho hlohlelletsa viscosity e phahameng. Li-solvents tsa polar aprotic li thusa ho qhala mofuta o arabelang kapele, li lumella karabelo ho tsoela pele hantle. Ha ketane ea polymer e ntse e hola, viscosity e eketseha haholo, 'me taolo ea mocheso e ba ea bohlokoa haholo ho thibela libaka tse chesang kapa ho senyeha ha mocheso.
Mokhahlelong ona, diparamente tsa tshebetso tse kang mocheso, nako ya bodulo, le sekgahla sa ho hlohlelletsa di ama boima ba dimolek'hule. Hangata bahlahisi ba shebana le mefuta e itseng ya viscosity ya ho qhibiliha hobane e amana le bonolo ba ts'ebetso e latelang (mohlala, extrusion) le tshebetso ya ho qetela.
4) Ho fedisa, ho phodisa le ho ntsha lerōle (ho itšehla thajana)
Kamora ho fihlela tekanyo e reriloeng ea polymerization, karabelo ea emisoa 'me motsoako oa pholisoa. Joale polymer e aroloa, hangata ka pula ho ea sebakeng se sa qhibiliheng kapa ka mohato o itseng oa karohano. Sepheo ke ho arola PEEK ho solvent, matsoai a sa pheleng, le masala a karabelo.
5) Ho hlatsoa le ho omisa
Polima e arohaneng e hlatsuoa khafetsa ho fokotsa dikahare tsa ionic le masala a solvent. Mokhahlelo wa ho omisa o etswa tlasa maemo a netefatsang mongobo o tlase haholo. Bakeng sa ditshebediso tsa sefofane, taolo ya ho feto-fetoha le ho silafala ke ya bohlokwa kaha di ka ama ho ntsha ha khase, boleng ba bokahodimo, le botsitso ba nako e telele.
6) Ho kopanya: ho eketsa lintho tse eketsang le tse matlafatsang
PEEK e hloekileng e se e ntse e le matla haholo, empa lits'ebetsong tse ngata e ntlafatsoa ka li-filler/reinforcers tse kang carbon fiber, fiberglass, kapa PTFE ho fokotsa coefficient ea khohlano le ho eketsa khanyetso ea ho tsofala. Ho kopanya ho etsoa ka ho sebelisa extruder ea mocheso o phahameng. Sebopeho sa matlafatso se tlameha ho ba se ts'oanang, ho hasana ho lekana, le bolelele ba faeba bo bolokoe ho fihlela litšobotsi tse lakatsehang tsa mechini.
7) Ho pelletisa le taolo ea boleng
Sehlahisoa sa ho qetela hangata se etsoa ka sebopeho sa pellet ho nolofatsa ts'ebetso e eketsehileng. Taolo ea boleng e kenyelletsa litekanyo tsa viscosity, tlhahlobo ea litaba tsa molora (bakeng sa li-filler), DSC bakeng sa kristale le ntlha ea ho qhibiliha, TGA bakeng sa botsitso ba mocheso, liteko tsa mechini (ho tsitlella, ho thibana, tšusumetso), le liteko tsa FST haeba li reretsoe ho sebelisoa ka hare ho lifofane.
Ho sebetsana le PEEK ka likarolo
Tlhahisong ea likarolo, PEEK e ka sebetsoa ka:
– Ho enta ka ente bakeng sa dikarolo tse rarahaneng ho hloka dibopeho le metjhini e kgonang ho mamella mocheso o phahameng.
– Ho ntša lintho tse ling ho etsa liprofaele, liphaephe, lifilimi, kapa libopeho tse sa phethoang hantle.
– Ho etsa moetso wa kgatello bakeng sa maqephe kapa dibopeho tse itseng.
– Ho etsa machining ha lithupa/lipoleiti tsa PEEK tse seng li felile ho latela mamello e nepahetseng.
– Tlhahiso e itseng ea li-additives (mohlala, FFF/FGF ea maemo a indasteri) e hlokang taolo e phahameng ea mocheso oa kamore ea khatiso ho fokotsa ho oa le ho arohana ha maqephe.
Hobane PEEK ke semicrystalline, sekhahla sa ho phodisa se ama kristale, e leng se qetellang se ama ho tiea, ho hanyetsa lik'hemik'hale le botsitso ba boholo. Taolo ea mocheso oa hlobo le ho e annealing hangata li sebelisoa ho fihlela litšobotsi tse ntle ka ho fetisisa.
Likopo tsa PEEK indastering ea lifofane
Sebakeng sa lifofane, thepa e khethoa ho latela karolelano ea tsona ea matla le boima, ho hanyetsa mocheso, ho hanyetsa malakabe, ho hanyetsa mokelikeli, le ho tšepahala ha nako e telele. PEEK e fihlela tse ngata tsa litekanyetso tsena, haholo-holo lihlopheng tse kopaneng kapa tse ikhethang.
1) Likarolo tse bobebe tsa sebopeho le masakaneng
PEEK (haholo-holo e matlafalitsoeng ke faeba ea khabone) e sebelisoa bakeng sa li-bracket, li-clamp, le likarolo tse tšehetsang tse neng li entsoe ka aluminium kapa tšepe libakeng tse itseng. Melemo ea eona e meholo ke ho fokotsa boima ba 'mele, ho hanyetsa mafome, le botsitso nakong ea potoloho ea mocheso.
2) Sistimi ea cable, lihokelo le insulation
PEEK e sebelisoa haholo ho li-insulator, lihokelo, le sheathing ea cable ka lebaka la botsitso ba eona ba dielectric le ho hanyetsa mocheso. Lifofaneng tsa sejoale-joale tse nang le motlakase o ntseng o eketseha, tlhoko ea thepa ea ho thibela mocheso e ntse e eketseha.
3) Li-bering, li-bushing, le likarolo tsa tribological
Mekhahlelo ea PEEK e fetotsoeng ka faeba ea PTFE/carbon hangata e sebelisoa li-bushing, li-washer le likarolo tse ling tsa khohlano. Lisebelisoa tsena li fana ka khanyetso e ntle ea ho tsofala, coefficient e tlase ea khohlano, le ts'ebetso e tsitsitseng libakeng tse itseng tsa lik'hemik'hale.
4) Litlhoko tsa kahare ho sefofane le tsa FST
Bakeng sa kahare, maemo a FST (malakabe, mosi, chefo) a thata haholo. PEEK e ka etsoa ho fihlela litlhoko tsena, e leng se etsang hore e lokele mefuta e fapaneng ea lits'ebetso tsa kahare, ho kenyeletsoa likarolo tse hlokang ho hanyetsa mocheso le matla a mechini ntle le ho eketsa boima bo feteletseng.
5) Metswako ya Thermoplastic bakeng sa meaho
Mokhoa o mong o moholo ke tšebeliso ea metsoako ea matrix ea carbon fiber e nang le PEEK (Carbon Fiber Reinforced PEEK/CFR-PEEK). Ha e bapisoa le li-thermosets, metsoako ea thermoplastic e fana ka monyetla oa ho tjheseletsa mocheso, lipotoloho tse potlakileng tsa tlhahiso, le khanyetso e ntle ea tšusumetso. Moelelong oa sefofane, sena se hohela liphanele, li-stiffener, le likarolo tse itseng tse hlokang motsoako oa ho tiea le bokhoni bo sebetsang haholoanyane ba tlhahiso.
Mathata le lintlha tsa ho nahana ka ho sebelisa PEEK lefapheng la lifofane
Ho sa tsotellehe melemo ea eona, PEEK e tobane le liphephetso tse 'maloa. Ea pele, litšenyehelo tsa thepa le ts'ebetso li phahame haholo ka lebaka la mocheso o phahameng oa ts'ebetso le litlhoko tse thata tsa taolo ea boleng. Ea bobeli, moralo oa likarolo o tlameha ho nahana ka anisotropy ea composite le liphetoho thepa ka lebaka la tataiso ea faeba kapa maemo a pholileng. Ea boraro, bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse netefalitsoeng, thepa le ts'ebetso li tlameha ho feta letoto le lelelele la liteko le litokomane.
Ho koala
PEEK ke polasetiki ea boenjiniere ea maemo a holimo e nang le motsoako o ikhethang oa matla, ho hanyetsa mocheso, ho hanyetsa lik'hemik'hale, le bokhoni ba ho e sebetsana e le thermoplastic. Ts'ebetso ea eona ea tlhahiso e kenyelletsa polymerization ea condensation ea mocheso o phahameng ka taolo e tiileng holim'a bohloeki, stoichiometry, le insulation ea sehlahisoa. Hang ha e pelled le/kapa e kopantsoe, PEEK e ka etsoa likarolo ka ho enta ka ente, extrusion, machining, kapa e le composite ea matrix ea carbon fiber. Indastering ea lifofane, PEEK e sebelisoa ho fokotsa boima, ho ntlafatsa ho hanyetsa ho bola, le ho fihlela litlhoko tsa ts'ebetso le polokeho, ho tloha ho li-brackets le li-insulator ho ea ho li-bearings le li-composites tsa thermoplastic tse tšoarellang nako e telele. Ka tšekamelo ea ho ea lifofaneng tse sebetsang hantle le ho eketsa motlakase, karolo ea PEEK le lelapa la eona la li-thermoplastics tse sebetsang hantle e lebelletsoe ho tsoela pele ho hola.
Haeba o lakatsa, nka fetola sengoloa sena ho latela mokhoa oa pampiri ea mahlale (ka litšupiso le lenane la libuka), kapa ka eketsa likaroloana tse khethehileng tse kang liparamente tsa ts'ebetso (sebaka sa mocheso, taolo ea kristale), lithuto tsa linyeoe tsa lits'ebetso tse kopaneng tsa CFR-PEEK, kapa papiso ea PEEK le PEI, PPS, le PTFE bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa lifofane.
