Mefuta ea polasetiki e sebelisoang ho etsa lisebelisoa tsa lipapali le kamoo li hlahisoang kateng
Polasetiki e fetohile e 'ngoe ea thepa ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa indastering ea lipapali ea sejoale-joale. Mabaka a bonolo: e na le karolelano e ntle ea matla ho ea boima, e bonolo ho e sebelisa, ha e amehe, e theko e tlaase ho feta thepa e meng e mengata, 'me e ka kopanngoa le thepa e meng e kang fiberglass kapa carbon fiber ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso. Ho tloha libolo le lihlomo tsa 'mele ho ea ho li-racket le lihelmete ho ea ho likarolo tsa lieta tsa lipapali, mefuta e fapaneng ea polasetiki e khethoa ho latela thepa ea eona ea mechini, ho hanyetsa mocheso le boemo ba leholimo, ho tenyetseha, le boiketlo ba mosebelisi. Sengoloa sena se tšohla mefuta ea polasetiki e sebelisoang hangata lisebelisoa tsa lipapali, hammoho le lits'ebetso tsa tsona tsa tlhahiso.
1) Polyethylene (PE): E bobebe ebile e hanela tshusumetso
Polyethylene ke e 'ngoe ea polasetiki e sebelisoang haholo ka lebaka la ho tiea ha eona, ho hanyetsa metsi, le ho hanyetsa tšusumetso e itseng. Lisebelisoa tsa lipapali, PE hangata e sebelisoa bakeng sa likarolo tse sireletsang, likarolo tsa koetliso (mohlala, likhoune tsa koetliso), li-floats, esita le libaka tse itseng tsa boto tse hlokang ho hanyetsa khohlano.
Mefuta e tloaelehileng:
– HDPE (Polyethylene e nang le Botenya bo Holimo): e thata ebile e matla.
– LDPE (Polyethylene e Boima bo Tlase): e tenyetseha haholoanyane ebile e bonolo ho e bopa.
Mokhoa oa tlhahiso:
Hangata PE e sebetsoa ka ho enta ka ente ho etsa dibopeho tse nepahetseng tse kang dikarolo tse sireletsang le disebediswa tse nyane. Bakeng sa dihlahiswa tse se nang letho tse kang dijakete tsa pholoso kapa dibolo tse itseng tsa boikoetliso, PE e boetse e hlahiswa hangata ka ho enta ka ho enta, moo polasetiki e qhibilihisitsweng e fokwang ka hara hlobo ho etsa lebota le tshwanang.
2) Polypropylene (PP): E matla, e hanela mokhathala, 'me e na le mefuta e fapaneng
PP e tsebahala ka ho hanyetsa mokhathala haholo (ho hanyetsa ho kobeha khafetsa), e leng se etsang hore e lokele likarolo tse kobehang khafetsa kapa tse imetsoeng ka matla. PP hangata e sebelisoa likarolong tse sireletsang, likarolo tsa foreimi e bobebe, mabokoseng a lisebelisoa tsa lipapali, le lisebelisoa tse ling tsa boikoetliso.
Bophahamo:
– E hanela lik'hemik'hale le mofufutso
– E bobebe haholo ebile e matla
– Theko e batlang e le theko e tlase
Mokhoa oa tlhahiso:
Hangata PP e etsoa ka ho enta ka ente bakeng sa likarolo tse qaqileng (mohlala, li-buckle, liloko, li-casing). Bakeng sa maqephe a masesaane kapa likarolo tse kang liphanele tse itseng tsa tšireletso, PP e ka sebetsoa ka thermoforming, e leng se kenyeletsang ho futhumatsa lakane ea polasetiki ebe e e bopa hore e lekane le hlobo.
3) Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC): E tenyetseha ebile e loketse lihlahisoa tse ka bululoang
PVC e tsebahala ka ho kgona ho etswa hore e tenyetsehe haholo ka ho eketsoa ha di-plasticizer, kapa e be thata ho lekana bakeng sa ditshebediso tse itseng. Dipapading, PVC hangata e fumanwa dibolong tse theko e tlase, dimmeteng tsa boikoetliso, dikobo tse tshwarang, esita le dihlahiswa tse phaphamalang tse kang dibolo tsa jimi le di-floats tsa boikoetliso.
Litlaleho tsa Bohlokoa:
PVC e ntse e khetha haholoanyane tšebelisong ea eona ka lebaka la matšoenyeho a tikoloho le lintho tse ling tse eketsang. Leha ho le joalo, PVC e ntse e sebelisoa lihlahisoa tse ngata tsa lipapali ka lebaka la bonolo ba tlhahiso ea eona le ho hanyetsa metsi.
Mokhoa oa tlhahiso:
– Ho etsa dikhalendara: ho hlahisa maqephe a PVC (mohlala, dimmete le dikarolo tse ka ntle).
– Ho ntša metsi: ho etsa liphaephe kapa liprofaele (mohlala, liphaephe kapa li-grip tse itseng).
– Ho kwala/ho tjheseletsa mocheso: Maqephe a PVC a kopantswe mmoho le mocheso ho etsa hore dihlahiswa tse phaphamalang di se ke tsa kena moya.
4) Polyurethane (PU): Ho phuthela, Boiketlo le Tshebetso
Hangata PU e fumanoa likarolong tse hlokang ho tenyetseha, ho thothomela ha ho thothomela, le boiketlo. Mehlala e tloaelehileng e kenyelletsa ho matha lieta tse bohareng, lipeipi tse sireletsang, mabili a itseng a ho thellisa le lera le ka ntle la bolo ea maoto ea boleng bo bohareng ho isa ho bo holimo.
Mefuta e fapaneng:
– Foam ea PU: foam bakeng sa ho roala mosamo.
– PU elastomer: e teteaneng bakeng sa ho hanyetsa ho kgohlopa.
Mokhoa oa tlhahiso:
Hangata PU e etsoa ka ho etsa molding oa injection (RIM) kapa mokhoa oa ho etsa reactive casting. Likarolo tse peli tse kholo tsa lik'hemik'hale lia kopanngoa, li arabela ho bōpeho ea polyurethane, e ntan'o atoloha (bakeng sa foam) kapa ea thatafala (bakeng sa elastomer) ho latela mokhoa oa ho etsa. Lieta, foam ea PU e bōptjoa hore e be hlobo ho etsa sebopeho se nepahetseng sa midsole.
5) EVA (Ethylene Vinyl Acetate): E bobebe ebile e bonolo bakeng sa lieta le materase
EVA e tumme haholo lefatšeng la lipapali hobane e bobebe, e bonolo, 'me e monya hantle ho phatloha. Thepa ena e sebelisoa haholo lieta tse bohareng, lieta tsa lipapali, limmete tsa yoga le lisebelisoa tse sireletsang tse bobebe.
Mokhoa oa tlhahiso:
Hangata EVA e sebetsoa ka ho bopa foam. Thepa ea EVA e futhumatsoa ka sesebelisoa se fokang, se e atolosa ho etsa sebopeho sa sele e bobebe le e bonolo, e koetsoeng. Bakeng sa materase, EVA e ka boela ea hlahisoa ka mokhoa oa lakane ka ho ntša metsi, ebe e khaoloa le ho laminated.
6) ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene): E tiileng, e hanela tshusumetso, le ho boloka sebopeho
ABS e tsejoa e le polasetiki e thata empa e sa thulaneng le tšusumetso. Kaha e tsitsitse ebile e bonolo ho e sebetsana, ABS e atisa ho sebelisoa lihelmeteng, likhetleng tse thata, likobong tsa lisebelisoa tsa boikoetliso, esita le likarolong tse notlellang.
Mokhoa oa tlhahiso:
Hangata ABS e hlahisoa ka ho enta ka ente. Ts'ebetso ena e lumella lintlha tse ngata, botenya bo tsitsitseng, le tlhahiso e sebetsang hantle ea bongata. Kamora ho enta, sehlahisoa se ka feta lits'ebetsong tsa ho qetela tse kang ho penta, ho koahela, kapa ho kenya foam e sireletsang kahare ho helmete.
7) Polycarbonate (PC): E bonaletsang le e Matla Haholo
PC e na le khanyetso e matla ea tšusumetso 'me e ka etsoa hore e bonaletse. Thepa ena e atisa ho sebelisoa li-visor tsa helmete, likhalase tsa lipapali, lithebe tsa sefahleho le likarolo tse hlokang motsoako oa matla le khanya ea mahlo.
Mokhoa oa tlhahiso:
Hangata PC e etsoa ka ho enta ka ente bakeng sa li-visor le liforeimi tse itseng, kapa extrusion bakeng sa maqephe a sireletsang. Kamora moo, hangata ho eketsoa lesela le thata bakeng sa ho hanyetsa ho ngoapa, hammoho le lesela le thibelang moholi bakeng sa lihlahisoa tse sebelisoang libakeng tse mongobo.
8) Nylon/Polyamide (PA): E matla, e hanela ho kgohlahala, mme e loketse dikarolo tsa mechini
Nylon (PA) e sebelisoa likarolong tse hlokang matla a mechini le ho hanyetsa ho khohlana, joalo ka li-gear tse nyane, likarolo tse tlamang, lithapo tse itseng, le liforeimi tsa lisebelisoa tsa lipapali. Nylon e ka boela ea matlafatsoa ka fiberglass ho eketsa ho tiea.
Mokhoa oa tlhahiso:
Hangata PA e sebetsoa ka ho enta ka ente. Hobane nylon e monya mongobo, ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso hangata e hloka ho omisa thepa pele ho netefatsa ho bōptjoa ho tsitsitseng, ho sa robeheng habonolo. Bakeng sa lihlahisoa tse sebetsang hantle, PA e matlafalitsoeng (mohlala, PA6 GF30) e sebelisoa bakeng sa matla a eketsehileng.
9) PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate): Likhoele le Libotlolo, Hape ke Likarolo tsa Masela a Lipapali
PET e tsebahala haholo e le thepa ea botlolo ea seno, empa lipapaling, e boetse e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa e le faeba ea polyester ka har'a lijeresi, li-track pants le mekotla. Polyester e tumme ka ho omisa kapele, matla le boiketlo ba tlhokomelo.
Mokhoa oa tlhahiso:
Bakeng sa masela, PET e sebetsoa ka ho qhibilihisa ho qhibiliha: PET e qhibilihisoa, e ntšetsoa ka har'a likhoele, ebe e huloa ho eketsa matla a faeba. Likhoele tsena li lohuoa kapa li lohuoa ka har'a lesela. Bakeng sa libotlolo tsa metsi tsa lipapali, PET e hlahisoa ka ho sebelisa molding oa ho otlolla, e leng se fellang ka botlolo e matla le e bobebe.
10) Motsoako oa polasetiki: Fiber ea khabone/Khalase ea faeba e nang le Resin
Lisebelisoa tse ngata tsa lipapali tse sebetsang hantle ha li sebelise polasetiki e hloekileng feela, empa li sebelisa metsoako: likhoele (fiberglass/carbon fiber) tse kopantsoeng hammoho ke li-resin tsa polymer tse kang epoxy kapa polyester. Mehlala e kenyelletsa liforeimi tsa libaesekele, li-racket tsa tenese, lihlopha tsa kolofo, li-surfboard, esita le li-ski.
Mokhoa oa tlhahiso:
– Ho bea ka letsoho/ho kenya ka vacuum stock: dikarolo tsa faeba di a hlophisoa, ho eketsoa resin, ebe e hlwekiswa ka vacuum cleaner ho e etsa hore e be teteaneng le ho fokotsa dipululana.
– Prepreg + autoclave: likhoele tse kentsweng resin li futhumatsoa le ho hatelloa ka autoclave bakeng sa liphetho tse matla haholo le tse tsitsitseng.
– Resin Transfer Molding (RTM): resin e kenngwa ka hara hlobo e koetsoeng e nang le difaeba, e loketseng tlhahiso ya boleng bo tsitsitseng.
Qetello: Ho Khetha Plastiki ho latela Mosebetsi le Polokeho
Khetho ea polasetiki lisebelisoa tsa lipapali ha se ea bohle. Lisebelisoa tse hlokang ho hanyetsa tšusumetso le polokeho (lihelmete, litšireletso) li atisa ho sebelisa ABS kapa PC. Lihlahisoa tse hlokang boiketlo le ho monngoa ke ho tšoha (lieta, limmete) hangata li sebelisa EVA kapa PU. Ho sa le joalo, litlhoko tsa matla a feteletseng le ts'ebetso hangata li lebisa ho thepa e kopaneng e thehiloeng ho resin ea polymer.
Ka mekhoa ea tlhahiso e kang ho etsa ente, ho etsa blow molding, thermoforming, le tlhahiso ea theknoloji e phahameng ea metsoako, indasteri ea lipapali e ntse e tsoela pele ho fetoha, e hlahisa lisebelisoa tse bobebe, tse matla le tse phutholohileng haholoanyane. Ho ea pele, botsitso le bona e tla ba phephetso ea bohlokoa haholo: tšebeliso ea polasetiki e sebelisitsoeng hape, meralo e senyehang, le boqapi ba polymer bo thehiloeng linthong tsa tlhaho li tla netefatsa lisebelisoa tse ntle tsa lipapali ntle le ho beha tikoloho kotsing.
