Mefuta ea Lipolasitiki tse Sireletsang Tikoloho le Mokhoa oo li Hlahisoang ka Oona
Polasetiki e se e le karolo ea bohlokoa ea bophelo ba sejoale-joale. Leha ho le joalo, tšusumetso ea eona tikolohong e mpe haholo. Lipolasitiki tse tloaelehileng tse thehiloeng peteroleng li nka lilemo tse makholo ho isa ho likete ho bola, li silafatsa maoatle le mobu 'me li sokela liphoofolo tse hlaha. Ka hona, bafuputsi le indasteri ba ntse ba sebetsa ka thata ho fumana mekhoa e meng e sireletsang tikoloho. Ka tlase ke mefuta e meng ea polasetiki e sireletsang tikoloho e ntlafalitsoeng le kamoo e hlahisoang kateng.
1. Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) e Nchafalitsoeng.
Tlhaloso
Polyethylene terephthalate, e tsejoang haholo e le PET, ke mofuta oa polasetiki e sebelisoang haholo ka libotlolong tsa lino le liphuthelong tsa lijo. Mekhoa e mengata ea ho sebelisa hape PET e nolofalitse thepa eo ho sebelisoa hape, e leng se fokotsang litšila le tlhoko ea thepa e ncha e tala.
Mokhoa oa Tlhahiso
Ts'ebetso ea ho sebelisa hape PET hangata e kenyelletsa mehato e latelang:
1. Pokello le Tlhopho: Matlakala a polasetiki a PET a bokelloa le ho hlophisoa ho latela 'mala le bohloeki.
2. Ho hlatsoa: PET e hlatsuoa ho tlosa litšila le litšila.
3. Ho sila: PET e hlwekileng e silakanngoa hore e be makumane a manyane kapa majwe a polasetiki.
4. Ho Ntša: Li-flakes tsa PET lia qhibilihisoa ebe li ntšoa hore e be li-pellets tse ncha tsa polasetiki tse loketseng ho sebelisoa.
PET e sebediswang hape (rPET) hangata e sebediswa hape ho etsa dibotlolo tsa dino, difaeba tsa masela, le dihlahiswa tse ding tse fapaneng.
2. Polylactide (PLA)
Tlhaloso
Polylactide, kapa PLA, ke bioplastic e entsoeng ka mehloli e nchafatsoang joalo ka poone, litapole, kapa li-beet tse tsoekere. PLA ke e 'ngoe ea mefuta e sebelisoang haholo ea bioplastic ka lebaka la ho bola ha eona.
Mokhoa oa Tlhahiso
Tlhahiso ea PLA e kenyelletsa mekhahlelo e 'maloa:
1. Ho Ntša Tsoekere: Lik'habohaedreite tse tsoang linthong tse tala tse kang poone lia ntšoa le ho belisoa ho hlahisa lactic acid.
2. Polymerization: Asiti ea lactic e feta ts'ebetsong ea polymerization ho theha liketane tse telele tsa polylactide.
3. Ho theha: PLA e hlahang e ka fetoloa hore e be dibopeho tse fapaneng ka ho ntša, ho enta ka ente, kapa mekgwa ya ho etsa thermoforming.
PLA e sebelisoa lits'ebetsong tse fapaneng tse kang ho paka lijo, lisebelisoa tsa ho besa tse lahloang, le mekotla ea polasetiki e bolang.
3. Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA)
Tlhaloso
Li-polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) ke li-bioplastic tse hlahisoang ke libaktheria ka ho belisoa ha lintho tse phelang. Li-PHA li khahla haholo hobane li na le thepa e tšoanang le ea polasetiki e tloaelehileng empa lia bola tikolohong.
Mokhoa oa Tlhahiso
Tlhahiso ea PHA e kenyelletsa mekhahlelo e 'maloa:
1. Ho Belisa Baktheria: Baktheria e itseng e fepuoa mohloli oa khabone joalo ka oli ea meroho kapa mafura a acid.
2. Sebopeho sa PHA: Baktheria e fetola mohlodi wa khabone ho ba PHA, e bokellanang diseleng tsa baktheria e le di-granule.
3. Ho Ntša le ho Hloekisa: PHA e ntšoa liseleng tsa baktheria 'me e hloekisoa ho fumana polymer e lakatsehang.
PHA e sebediswa dikopong tse fapaneng ho kenyeletswa le ho paka dijo, disebediswa tsa bongaka tse bolang, le dihlahiswa tse ding tse sebediswang hanngwe.
4. Biopolyethylene (Bio-PE)
Tlhaloso
Biopolyethylene, kapa Bio-PE, ke mofuta o mong wa polyethylene e entsweng ka thepa e tala e ntjhafatswang jwalo ka moba. Bio-PE e na le thepa e tshwanang le polyethylene e tlwaelehileng empa e na le kganya e tlase ya khabone.
Mokhoa oa Tlhahiso
Tlhahiso ea Bio-PE e kenyelletsa mehato e 'maloa:
1. Ho Ntša Tsoekere: Tsoekere e ntšoa ho tsoa 'mobeng kapa limela tse ling.
2. Ho belisa: Tsoekere e belisa ho hlahisa ethanol.
3. Ho felloa ke metsi 'meleng: Ethanol e fetoloa ethylene ka mokhoa oa ho felloa ke metsi 'meleng.
4. Ho etsa hore ethylene e be polymer: Ebe ethylene e fetoha polymeric.
Joalo ka PE e tloaelehileng, Bio-PE e sebelisoa lits'ebetsong tse fapaneng ho kenyeletsoa le liphutheloana tsa lijo, mekotla ea polasetiki le likarolo tsa indasteri.
5. Acetate ea selelulose
Tlhaloso
Cellulose acetate ke polasetiki e nkiloeng ho cellulose, karolo e ka sehloohong ea mabota a sele ea limela. Plastiki ena e sebelisitsoe ka mashome a lilemo 'me e tsebahala ka ho bola ha eona habonolo.
Mokhoa oa Tlhahiso
Tlhahiso ea cellulose acetate e kenyelletsa mekhahlelo e 'maloa:
1. Ho Ntša Cellulose: Cellulose e ntšoa mehloling ea limela tse kang lehong kapa k'hothone.
2. Acetylation: Cellulose ebe e fetoloa cellulose acetate ka mokhoa oa acetylation ho sebelisoa acetic acid.
3. Ho theha: Cellulose acetate e hlahang e ka etsoa lihlahisoa tse fapaneng ka ho enta ka ente kapa mekhoa e meng ea ho theha.
Cellulose acetate e sebelisoa lits'ebetsong tse fapaneng ho kenyeletsoa le lifilthara tsa sakerete, filimi ea lifoto, le lihlahisoa tsa bareki tse kang likamo le likhalase tsa mahlo.
6. Polybutylenedipate Terephthalate (PBAT)
Tlhaloso
Polybutylenedipate terephthalate (PBAT) ke polymer e bolang e atisang ho kopanngoa le li-bioplastic tse ling ho ntlafatsa thepa ea eona ea mechini. PBAT ke khetho e khahlang bakeng sa lihlahisoa tse sebelisoang hang feela ka lebaka la motsoako oa eona oa matla le ho bola ha tsona.
Mokhoa oa Tlhahiso
Tlhahiso ea PBAT e kenyelletsa mehato e latelang:
1. Polycondensation: PBAT e etsoa ka karabelo ea polycondensation pakeng tsa butanediol, terephthalic acid, le adipic acid.
2. Ho theha: PBAT e hlahang e ka etsoa lihlahisoa tse fapaneng ka ho ntša metsi, ho enta ka ente, kapa mekhoa e meng.
PBAT e sebelisoa haholo lits'ebetsong tse kang mekotla ea mabenkele e bolang, lifilimi tsa temo le lihlahisoa tsa ho paka.
Qetello
Ntlafatso ea polasetiki e mosa tikolohong e bontša hore re ka fokotsa tšusumetso e mpe ea polasetiki e tloaelehileng tikolohong. PET, PLA, PHA, Bio-PE e sebelisitsoeng hape, cellulose acetate, le PBAT ke mehlala e 'maloa feela ea polasetiki e etselitsoeng ho ba betere bakeng sa polanete ea rona. Ka mekhoa e mecha ea tlhahiso le tšebeliso ea thepa e tala e nchafatsoang, polasetiki ena e fana ka litharollo tse tšoarellang bakeng sa bokamoso.
Leha ho le jwalo, ho bohlokwa ho hopola hore ho fetohela ho polasetiki e sireletsang tikoloho feela ha ho a lekana. Ho fokotsa tshebediso ya polasetiki, ho eketsa ho sebediswa hape, le ho fetola boitshwaro ba bareki le tsona di a hlokahala ho rarolla bothata ba lefatshe ba polasetiki. Ka boqapi bo tswelang pele le temoso e eketsehileng ya tikoloho, re ka leba bokamosong bo botala le bo tsitsitseng haholoanyane.
