Mokhoa oa ho Etsa Polyethylene Terephthalate Plastiki le Ts'ebeliso ea Eona
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET kapa PETE) ke e 'ngoe ea polasetiki e sebelisoang haholo lefatšeng. Thepa ena e tumme ka matla a eona, bobebe le ho tšoarella ha eona, e leng se etsang hore e sebelisoe haholo lits'ebetsong tse fapaneng tse kang libotlolo tsa lino, liphutheloana tsa lijo, likhoele tsa masela le tse ling. Sengoloa sena se tla hlalosa ka botlalo mokhoa oa tlhahiso ea polasetiki ea PET le lits'ebetso tse fapaneng tse sebelisang thepa ena.
Mokhoa oa ho Etsa Polasetiki ea Polyethylene Terephthalate
Tlhahiso ea polasetiki ea PET e qala ka ts'ebetso ea ho kopanya lik'hemik'hale e fetolang thepa ea mantlha e tala hore e be polymer ea PET. Ka kakaretso, ts'ebetso ena e kenyelletsa mehato e latelang:
1. Tlhahiso ea Monomer
PET e entsoe ho tsoa mefuteng e 'meli ea li-monomer: ethylene glycol (EG) le terephthalic acid (PTA) kapa dimethyl terephthalate (DMT). Ts'ebetso ea ho kopanya e qala ka tlhahiso ea li-monomer tsena.
a. Tlhahiso ea Ethylene Glycol (EG)
Ethylene glycol e fumanoa ka ho oxidation ea ethylene. Ts'ebetsong ena, ethylene e arabela le oksijene ha ho na le catalyst ho hlahisa ethylene oxide, e ntan'o fetoloa ethylene glycol.
\[
\text{C}_2\text{H}_4 + \text{O}_2 \rightarrow \text{C}_2\text{H}_4\text{O} \quad \text{(Ethylene Oxide)}
\]
\[
\text{C}_2\text{H}_4\text{O} + \text{H}_2\text{O} \rightarrow \text{C}_2\text{H}_4(\text{OH})_2 \quad \text{(Ethylene Glycol)}
\]
b. Tlhahiso ea Terephthalic Acid (PTA)
Asiti ea Terephthalic e hlahisoa ka ho oxidation ha paraxylene. Ts'ebetso ena e kenyelletsa mehato e 'maloa ea karabelo e qetellang e hlahisa asiti e hloekileng ea terephthalic.
2. Likarabelo tsa Esterification le Polycondensation
Hang ha li-monomer li se li loketse, mohato o latelang ke karabelo ea esterification e hokahanyang limolek'hule tsa ethylene glycol le terephthalic acid. Karabelo ena e hlahisa prepolymer le metsi e le sehlahisoa se latelang.
\[
\mongolo{n(C}_2\mongolo{H}_4(\mongolo{OH})_2) + \mongolo{n(HOOC-C}_6\mongolo{H}_4\mongolo{-COOH)} \ motsu{[-O-CH}_2\mongolo{CH}_2\mongolo{-O-CO-C}_6\mongolo{H}__4{H}_4] \mongolo{2nH}_2\mongolo{O}
\]
Prepolymer e hlahang e ba le karabelo ea polycondensation, moo limolek'hule tsa prepolymer li kopanngoang ho ba liketane tse telele tsa polymer, tse hlahisang PET ka mokhoa oa resin.
3. Ts'ebetso ea ho Qhibilihisa le ho Bopa
Resin ea PET e hlahisoang hangata e ka sebopeho sa li-granule kapa li-pellets, ebe lia qhibilihisoa le ho bōptjoa ho latela ts'ebeliso e lakatsehang. Ts'ebetso ena e kenyelletsa mekhoa ea ho bopa e kang ho ntša, ho enta ka ente, kapa ho bopa ka blow.
– Extrusion: Resin e qhibilihisoa ebe e hatelloa ka har'a see ho etsa likhoele, maqephe, kapa libopeho tse ling.
– Ho Enta ka Ente: Resin e qhibilihisoa ebe e kenngoa ka har'a hlobo e koetsoeng ho etsa sehlahisoa se felileng se nang le lintlha tse rarahaneng.
– Ho Foqola ka Bofokoli: Mokhoa ona o atisa ho sebelisoa ho etsa libotlolo le lijana ka ho foqola resin e qhibilihisitsoeng ka hlobo.
Polyētilēn Tereftalāt Plastic Applications
Litšobotsi tse ntle tsa PET, tse kang ho pepeneneng haholo, matla a matle a mechini, ho hanyetsa lik'hemik'hale le boima bo bobebe, li etsa hore e be ntle bakeng sa mefuta e mengata ea lits'ebetso. Tse ling tsa lits'ebetso tsa mantlha tsa PET ke tsena:
Indasteri ea ho paka
Tšebeliso e tsebahalang haholo ea PET e indastering ea ho paka. PET e sebelisetsoa ho etsa libotlolo tsa lino tse bonolo, metsi a liminerale, oli ea ho pheha le lihlahisoa tse ling. Ponaletso ea eona e lumella bareki ho bona se ka hare ho sephutheloana, ha matla a eona a netefatsa hore sehlahisoa se lula se sireletsehile nakong ea lipalangoang le polokelo.
– Libotlolo tsa lino: PET e na le thepa e lumellang ho boloka lino tlas'a khatello e phahameng, e leng se etsang hore e be e loketseng libotlolo tsa lino tse nang le carbonate.
– Sephutheloana sa Lijo: Sephutheloana sa liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng se boloka bohloeki le polokeho ea lihlahisoa tsa lijo, se li boloka li le foreshe nako e telele.
dilohwa
PET e boetse e sebelisoa ho etsa likhoele tsa polyester, tse sebelisoang haholo indastering ea masela. Likhoele tsena tsa polyester li sebelisoa liaparong, masela a lapeng le lik'hapeteng.
– Liaparo: Likhoele tsa polyester tse tsoang ho PET li tsebahala ka ho tšoarella ha tsona, ho omella kapele le ho hanyetsa matheba, e leng se etsang hore e be khetho e tsebahalang bakeng sa liaparo tsa lipapali le feshene.
– Masela a Ntlo: Polyester e boetse e sebelisoa lihlahisoa tse kang likharetene, likobo le thepa ea ka tlung.
Indasteri ea Likoloi
PET e sebelisoa likarolong tse fapaneng tsa likoloi ka lebaka la matla a eona le ho hanyetsa mocheso. Mehlala e kenyelletsa mabanta a pholoso, likoahelo tsa enjene le likarolo tsa kahare ho koloi.
Likopo tsa Bongaka
Lefapheng la bongaka, PET e atisa ho sebelisoa ho etsa lisebelisoa tsa tlhahlobo le liphutheloana tsa meriana. Litšobotsi tsa PET tse sa sebetseng li etsa bonnete ba hore li bolokehile bakeng sa tšebeliso libakeng tsa bongaka.
Tšebeliso e 'Ngoe
Ntle le lits'ebetso tse boletsoeng ka holimo, PET e boetse e sebelisetsoa merero e meng e fapaneng joalo ka ho etsa filimi ea lifoto, theipi ea makenete, esita le kaho ea moaho.
Ho Tšoarella le ho Sebelisa Hape
E 'ngoe ea melemo ea PET ke hore e ka sebelisoa hape. PET e sebelisitsoeng hape e ka sebelisoa hape hore e be lihlahisoa tse ncha, e leng se fokotsang tlhoko ea thepa e ncha e tala le matla a sebelisoang ts'ebetsong ea tlhahiso. PET e sebelisitsoeng hape e ka fumanoa lihlahisoa tse kang libotlolo tse ncha, faeba ea polyester, le lihlahisoa tse ling tse fapaneng.
Mokhoa oa ho sebelisa hape PET o kenyelletsa ho bokella lihlahisoa tsa PET tse sebelisitsoeng, ho li hloekisa le ho li silakanya hore e be li-flakes. Li-flakes tsena lia qhibilihisoa ebe lia sebelisoa hore e be li-pellet tse loketseng ho sebelisoa hape tlhahisong. Ho sebelisa hape hona ha ho thuse feela ho fokotsa litšila tsa polasetiki empa hape ho fokotsa khabone e bakoang ke indasteri ea polasetiki.
Qetello
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) ke thepa ea polasetiki e feto-fetohang haholo e nang le mefuta e mengata ea ts'ebeliso bophelong ba letsatsi le letsatsi. Ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso ea PET e kenyelletsa liketso tse rarahaneng tsa lik'hemik'hale le mekhoa e tsoetseng pele ea ts'ebetso, e fellang ka thepa e tšoarellang, e bobebe le e bonaletsang. Ts'ebeliso ea PET e kenyelletsa ho paka, masela, likoloi, bongaka le tse ling.
Ho tšoarella ha PET ho matlafatsoa ke ho sebelisoa hape ha eona, e leng se tlatsetsang ka tsela e ntle paballong ea tikoloho. Ka tsoelo-pele ea theknoloji, tšebeliso ea PET e ka 'na ea tsoela pele ho atoloha le ho akaretsa makala a mangata a indasteri nakong e tlang.
