30 Molao oa pele oa thermodynamics - mathata le litharollo
1. 3000 J ea mocheso e eketsoa tsamaisong 'me 2500 J ea mosebetsi e etsoa ke sistimi. Phetoho ea matla a ka hare a sistimi ke efe?
Tse tsejoang:
Mocheso (Q) = +3000 Joule
Mosebetsi (W) = +2500 Joule
Ho batloa: phetoho ea matla a ka hare a sistimi
Tharollo:
Tekanyo ea molao oa pele oa thermodynamics
ΔU = QW
Melao ea lipontšo:
Q e ntle haeba mocheso o eketsoa tsamaisong
W e ntle haeba mosebetsi o etsoa ke sistimi
Q e mpe haeba mocheso o tsoa tsamaisong
W e mpe haeba mosebetsi o etsoa tsamaisong
Phetoho ea matla a ka hare a sistimi:
ΔU = 3000-2500
ΔU = 500 Joule
Matla a ka hare a eketseha ka li-Joules tse 500.
2. 2000 J ea mocheso e eketsoa tsamaisong 'me 2500 J ea mosebetsi e etsoa tsamaisong. Phetoho ea matla a ka hare a sistimi ke efe?
Tse tsejoang:
Mocheso (Q) = +2000 Joule
Mosebetsi (W) = -2500 Joule
Ho batloa: Phetoho ea matla a ka hare a sistimi
Tharollo:
ΔU = QW
ΔU = 2000-(-2500)
ΔU = 2000+2500
ΔU = 4500 Joule
Matla a ka hare a eketseha ka li-Joules tse 4500.
3. 2000 J ea mocheso e tsoa tsamaisong 'me 2500 J ea mosebetsi e etsoa tsamaisong. Phetoho ea matla a ka hare a sistimi ke efe?
Tse tsejoang:
Mocheso (Q) = -2000 Joule
Mosebetsi (W) = -3000 Joule
Ho batloa: Phetoho ea matla a ka hare a sistimi
Tharollo:
ΔU = QW
ΔU = -2000-(-3000)
ΔU = -2000+3000
ΔU = 1000 Joule
Matla a ka hare a eketseha ka li-Joules tse 4500.
Qetello:
– Haeba mocheso o eketsoa tsamaisong, joale matla a ka hare a tsamaiso aa eketseha
– Haeba mocheso o tsoa tsamaisong, matla a ka hare a tsamaiso aa fokotseha
– Haeba mosebetsi o etsoa ke sistimi, matla a ka hare a sistimi aa fokotseha
– Haeba mosebetsi o etsoa tsamaisong, matla a ka hare a tsamaiso aa eketseha
4. Bala phetoho matleng a ka hare a dimolekhule tse 2 tsa kgase e loketseng ha ho eketswa 400 J ya mocheso, mme kgase e atoloha, e etsa 300 J ya mosebetsi tikolohong ya yona.
tharollo:
Ho sebelisoa molao oa pele oa thermodynamics: \( \Delta U = Q – W \):
\[ \Delta U = 400 – 300 = 100\, \mongolo{J} \]
5. Fumana phetiso ea mocheso bakeng sa sistimi e etsang 200 J ea mosebetsi tikolohong ea eona 'me e na le phetoho ea matla a ka hare a 50 J.
tharollo:
Ho sebelisoa molao oa pele oa thermodynamics:
\[ Q = \Delta U + W = 50 + 200 = 250\, \mongolo{J} \]
6. Bala mosebetsi o etsoang ke sistimi ha e monya 600 J ea mocheso 'me matla a eona a ka hare a eketseha ka 150 J.
tharollo:
Ho sebelisoa molao oa pele oa thermodynamics:
\[
W = Q – \Delta U = 600 – 150 = 450\, \mongolo{J}
\]
7. Fumana phetiso ea mocheso bakeng sa sistimi e etsang mosebetsi oa 500 J mme matla a eona a ka hare a fokotseha ka 100 J.
tharollo:
Ho sebelisoa molao oa pele oa thermodynamics:
\[
Q = \Delta U + W = (-100) + 500 = 400\, \mongolo{J}
\]
8. Bala phetoho ea matla a ka hare ha 300 J ea mocheso e lahlehile 'me 200 J ea mosebetsi e etsoa tsamaisong.
tharollo:
Ho sebelisoa molao oa pele oa thermodynamics:
\[
\Delta U = -300 + 200 = -100\, \mongolo{J}
\]
9. Fumana mosebetsi o etsoang tsamaisong ha e lahleheloa ke 400 J ea mocheso 'me matla a eona a ka hare a fokotseha ka 200 J.
tharollo:
Ho sebelisoa molao oa pele oa thermodynamics:
\[
W = \Delta U – Q = (-200) – (-400) = 200\, \text{J}
\]
10. Bala phetiso ea mocheso ha matla a ka hare a sistimi a eketseha ka 100 J le 50 J ea mosebetsi o etsoang tsamaisong.
tharollo:
Ho sebelisoa molao oa pele oa thermodynamics:
\[
Q = \Delta U + W = 100 + 50 = 150\, \mongolo{J}
\]
11. Fumana phetoho ea matla a ka hare ha sistimi e monya 250 J ea mocheso 'me e etsa 150 J ea mosebetsi tikolohong ea eona.
tharollo:
Ho sebelisoa molao oa pele oa thermodynamics:
\[
\Delta U = Q – W = 250 – 150 = 100\, \mongolo{J}
\]
12. Bala mosebetsi o etsoang ke sistimi ha e lahleheloa ke 300 J ea mocheso, 'me matla a eona a ka hare a fokotseha ka 100 J.
tharollo:
Ho sebelisoa molao oa pele oa thermodynamics:
\[
W = Q – \Delta U = -300 – (-100) = -200\, \mongolo{J}
\]
13. Fumana phetiso ea mocheso bakeng sa sistimi e etsang 400 J ea mosebetsi tikolohong ea eona 'me matla a eona a ka hare a eketseha ka 150 J.
tharollo:
Ho sebelisoa molao oa pele oa thermodynamics:
\[
Q = \Delta U + W = 150 + 400 = 550\, \mongolo{J}
\]
14. Bala phetoho ea matla a ka hare ha ho eketsoa 500 J ea mocheso, 'me sistimi e etsa 300 J ea mosebetsi tikolohong ea eona.
tharollo:
Ho sebelisoa molao oa pele oa thermodynamics:
\[
\Delta U = Q – W = 500 – 300 = 200\, \mongolo{J}
\]
15. Fumana mosebetsi o etsoang ke sistimi ha e monya 600 J ea mocheso, 'me matla a eona a ka hare a eketseha ka 200 J.
tharollo:
Ho sebelisoa molao oa pele oa thermodynamics:
\[
W = Q – \Delta U = 600 – 200 = 400\, \mongolo{J}
\]
16. Bala phetiso ea mocheso ha sistimi e etsa mosebetsi oa 700 J 'me matla a eona a ka hare a fokotseha ka 300 J.
tharollo:
Ho sebelisoa molao oa pele oa thermodynamics:
\[
Q = \Delta U + W = (-300) + 700 = 400\, \mongolo{J}
\]
17. Fumana phetoho ea matla a ka hare ha 800 J ea mocheso e lahleha 'me 400 J ea mosebetsi e etsoa tsamaisong.
tharollo:
Ho sebelisoa molao oa pele oa thermodynamics:
\[
\Delta U = -800 + 400 = -400\, \mongolo{J}
\]
18. Bala mosebetsi o etsoang tsamaisong ha e lahleheloa ke 900 J ea mocheso, 'me matla a eona a ka hare a fokotseha ka 500 J.
tharollo:
Ho sebelisoa molao oa pele oa thermodynamics:
\[
W = \Delta U – Q = (-500) – (-900) = 400\, \text{J}
\]
19. Fumana phetiso ea mocheso ha matla a ka hare a sistimi a eketseha ka 600 J, 'me mosebetsi oa 300 J o etsoa tsamaisong.
tharollo:
Ho sebelisoa molao oa pele oa thermodynamics:
\[
Q = \Delta U + W = 600 + 300 = 900\, \mongolo{J}
\]
20. Bala phetoho ea matla a ka hare ha sistimi e monya 700 J ea mocheso 'me e etsa 350 J ea mosebetsi tikolohong ea eona.
tharollo:
Ho sebelisoa molao oa pele oa thermodynamics:
\[
\Delta U = Q – W = 700 – 350 = 350\, \mongolo{J}
\]
21. Fumana mosebetsi o etsoang ke sistimi ha e lahleheloa ke 800 J ea mocheso, 'me matla a eona a ka hare a fokotseha ka 400 J.
tharollo:
Ho sebelisoa molao oa pele oa thermodynamics:
\[
W = Q – \Delta U = -800 – (-400) = -400\, \mongolo{J}
\]
22. Bala phetiso ea mocheso ha sistimi e etsa mosebetsi oa 900 J tikolohong ea eona, 'me matla a eona a ka hare a eketseha ka 450 J.
tharollo:
Ho sebelisoa molao oa pele oa thermodynamics:
\[
Q = \Delta U + W = 450 + 900 = 1350\, \mongolo{J}
\]
23. Fumana phetoho ea matla a ka hare ha 1000 J ea mocheso e eketsoa, 'me sistimi e etsa 500 J ea mosebetsi tikolohong ea eona.
tharollo:
Ho sebelisoa molao oa pele oa thermodynamics:
\[
\Delta U = Q – W = 1000 – 500 = 500\, \mongolo{J}
\]
24. Bala mosebetsi o etsoang ke sistimi ha e monya 1100 J ea mocheso, 'me matla a eona a ka hare a eketseha ka 550 J.
tharollo:
Ho sebelisoa molao oa pele oa thermodynamics:
\[
W = Q – \Delta U = 1100 – 550 = 550\, \mongolo{J}
\]
25. Fumana phetiso ea mocheso ha sistimi e etsa mosebetsi oa 1200 J, 'me matla a eona a ka hare a fokotseha ka 600 J.
tharollo:
Ho sebelisoa molao oa pele oa thermodynamics:
\[
Q = \Delta U + W = (-600) + 1200 = 600\, \mongolo{J}
\]
26. Bala phetoho ea matla a ka hare ha 1300 J ea mocheso e lahleha, 'me 650 J ea mosebetsi e etsoa tsamaisong.
tharollo:
Ho sebelisoa molao oa pele oa thermodynamics:
\[
\Delta U = -1300 + 650 = -650\, \mongolo{J}
\]
27. Fumana mosebetsi o etsoang tsamaisong ha e lahleheloa ke mocheso oa 1400 J, 'me matla a eona a ka hare a fokotseha ka 700 J.
tharollo:
Ho sebelisoa molao oa pele oa thermodynamics:
\[
W = \Delta U – Q = (-700) – (-1400) = 700\, \text{J}
\]
28. Bala phetiso ea mocheso ha matla a ka hare a sistimi a eketseha ka 800 J, 'me mosebetsi oa 400 J o etsoa tsamaisong.
tharollo:
Ho sebelisoa molao oa pele oa thermodynamics:
\[
Q = \Delta U + W = 800 + 400 = 1200\, \mongolo{J}
\]
29. Fumana phetoho ea matla a ka hare ha sistimi e monya 1500 J ea mocheso 'me e etsa 750 J ea mosebetsi tikolohong ea eona.
tharollo:
Ho sebelisoa molao oa pele oa thermodynamics:
\[
\Delta U = Q – W = 1500 – 750 = 750\, \mongolo{J}
\]
30. Bala mosebetsi o etsoang ke sistimi ha e lahleheloa ke 1600 J ea mocheso, 'me matla a eona a ka hare a fokotseha ka 800 J.
tharollo:
Ho sebelisoa molao oa pele oa thermodynamics:
\[
W = Q – \Delta U = -1600 – (-800) = -800\, \mongolo{J}
\]
Mathata le ditharollo tsena di reretswe ho fana ka kutlwisiso e felletseng ya molao wa pele wa thermodynamics, o bolelang hore phetoho ya matla a ka hare a sistimi e kwetsweng e lekana le mocheso o ekeditsweng tsamaisong ntle le mosebetsi o etswang ke sistimi.
