Lienjine tsa mocheso (ts'ebeliso ea molao oa bobeli oa thermodynamics) - mathata le litharollo

Lienjine tse 30 tsa mocheso (ts'ebeliso ea molao oa bobeli oa thermodynamics) - mathata le litharollo

1. Ho kenya mocheso Q_H = 3000 Joule le tlhahiso ea mocheso Q_L = Lijoule tse 1000. Bokgoni ba ho sebetsa ha enjene ea mocheso?

Tse tsejoang:

Ho kenya mocheso (Q _H ) = 3000 Joules

Mocheso o hlahisoang (Q _L ) = 1000 Joules

Sebetsa e entsoe ke enjene (W) = 3000 – 1000 = 2000 Joules

Oa Batla: Bokgoni ba enjene ya mocheso (e)

Tharollo:

2. Enjene e futhumatsang e hlahisa li-Joules tse 2000 tsa mosebetsi oa mechini 'me enjene e ntša mocheso tikolohong ka sekhahla sa li-Joules tse 500. Bokhoni ba enjene e futhumatsang ke bofe?

Tse tsejoang:

Mosebetsi o etsoa ke enjene (W) = 2000 Joules

Mocheso o hlahisoang (Q _L ) = 5000 Joules

Kenyelletso ea mocheso (Q)_H) = 2000 + 5000 = 7000 Joule

Oa Batla: Bokgoni (e)

Tharollo:

3. Enjene e futhumatsang e na le bokgoni ba 30%. Haeba enjene e hlahisa di-Joules tse 10,000 tsa mosebetsi wa mechini, ke mocheso o mokae o ntshwang e le mocheso o lahlilweng ho tswa enjeneng ena?

Tse tsejoang:

Bokgoni (e) = 30% = 30/100 = 0.3

Mosebetsi o etsoa ka enjene (W) = 3,000 Joules

o ne a batla : Mocheso o hlahang (Q_L)

Tharollo:

Mocheso o hlahang (Q)_L) = ho kenya mocheso (Q_H) – mosebetsi o etsoa ka enjene (W)

Q_L = Lijoule tse 10,000 – Lijoule tse 3,000

Q _L = 7,000 Joule

4. Fumana bokgoni ba enjene ya Carnot e sebetsang pakeng tsa matamo a mabedi mochesong wa 500 K le 300 K.
Tharollo: Re sebelisa foromo ea Carnot efficiency, \(\eta = 1 – \frac{T_{\text{cold}}}{T_{\text{hot}}}\), re fumana \(\eta = 1 – \frac{300}{500} = 0.4\) kapa \(40\%\).

5. Enjene ea mocheso e monya 2000 J ea mocheso ho tsoa letamong le chesang ebe e ntša 1200 J ho ea letamong le batang. Bala mosebetsi o entsoeng ke enjene.
Tharollo: Ho sebelisoa molao oa pele oa thermodynamics, \(Q_{\text{hot}} = W + Q_{\text{cold}}\), mosebetsi o entsoeng ke \(W = 2000 – 1200 = 800\ \text{J}\).

6. Bala bokgoni ba enjene ya mocheso e monyang 1000 J ho tswa polokelong e chesang mme e etsa 600 J ya mosebetsi.
Tharollo: \(\eta = \frac{W}{Q_{\text{hot}}} = \frac{600}{1000} = 0.6\) kapa \(60\%\).

7. Enjene ea mocheso e sebetsa pakeng tsa 400 K le 200 K. Fumana bokhoni bo phahameng ka ho fetisisa bo ka khonehang.
Tharollo: \(\eta_{\text{max}} = 1 – \frac{T_{\text{cold}}}{T_{\text{hot}}} = 1 – \frac{200}{400} = 0.5\) kapa \(50\%\).

8. Enjene ea mocheso e hana 300 J ho ea letamo le batang ha e ntse e etsa mosebetsi oa 200 J. Bala mocheso o monyelitsoeng ho tsoa letamo le chesang.
Tharollo: \(Q_{\text{hot}} = W + Q_{\text{cold}} = 200 + 300 = 500\ \text{J}\).

9. Fumana katleho ea potoloho ea Otto ka karolelano ea khatello ea 8.
Tharollo: \(\eta = 1 – \frac{1}{r^{(\gamma – 1)}} = 1 – \frac{1}{8^{(1.4 – 1)}} \hoo e ka bang 0.564\) kapa \(56.4\%\), moo \(\gamma\) e leng karolelano ya bokgoni ba mocheso.

10. Enjene ea mocheso e etsa mosebetsi oa 150 J 'me e hana 100 J ho ea letamo le batang. Fumana mocheso o monyelitsoeng ho tsoa letamo le chesang.
Tharollo: \(Q_{\text{hot}} = W + Q_{\text{cold}} = 150 + 100 = 250\ \text{J}\).

11. Fumana bokgoni ba enjene ya diesel ka karolelano ya kgatello ya 18 le karolelano ya cutoff ya 2.
Tharollo: \(\eta = 1 – \frac{1}{r^{(\gamma – 1)}} \left( \frac{r_c – 1}{r_c} \right) \hoo e ka bang 0.627\) kapa \(62.7\%\), moo \(r\) e leng karolelano ya kgatello, \(r_c\) e leng karolelano ya cutoff, mme \(\gamma\) e le karolelano ya bokgoni ba mocheso.

12. Bala mosebetsi o etsoang ke enjene ea mocheso e monyang 400 J mme e na le bokhoni ba 50%.
Tharollo: \(W = \eta \cdot Q_{\text{hot}} = 0.5 \cdot 400 = 200\ \text{J}\).

13. Enjene ea mocheso e sebetsa pakeng tsa 600 K le 300 K. Fumana katleho ea Carnot.
Tharollo: \(\eta = 1 – \frac{T_{\text{cold}}}{T_{\text{hot}}} = 1 – \frac{300}{600} = 0.5\) kapa \(50\%\).

14. Enjene ea mocheso e monya 3000 J ebe e hana 1800 J ho ea letamo le batang. Bala mosebetsi o entsoeng.
Tharollo: \(W = Q_{\text{hot}} – Q_{\text{cold}} = 3000 – 1800 = 1200\ \text{J}\).

15. Fumana bokgoni ba enjene ya Stirling e sebetsang pakeng tsa matamo a mabedi a 800 K le 400 K.
Tharollo: \(\eta = 1 – \frac{T_{\text{cold}}}{T_{\text{hot}}} = 1 – \frac{400}{800} = 0.5\) kapa \(50\%\).

16. Enjene ea mocheso e hana 500 J ho ea letamo le batang ha e ntse e etsa mosebetsi oa 300 J. Bala mocheso o monyelitsoeng ho tsoa letamo le chesang.
Tharollo: \(Q_{\text{hot}} = W + Q_{\text{cold}} = 300 + 500 = 800\ \text{J}\).

17. Fumana katleho ea potoloho ea Ericsson ka matamo a chesang le a batang a 1000 K le 250 K.
Tharollo: \(\eta = 1 – \frac{T_{\text{cold}}}{T_{\text{hot}}} = 1 – \frac{250}{1000} = 0.75\) kapa \(75\%\).

18. Enjene ea mocheso e etsa mosebetsi oa 700 J 'me e na le bokhoni ba 70%. Bala mocheso o hanetsoeng ho ea polokelong e batang.
Tharollo: \(Q_{\text{cold}} = \frac{W}{\eta} – W = \frac{700}{0.7} – 700 \hoo e ka bang 1000 – 700 = 300\ \text{J}\).

19. Fumana katleho ea potoloho ea Brayton ka likaro-karolelano tsa khatello ea 6.5 le \(\gamma = 1.4\).
Tharollo: \(\eta = 1 – \frac{1}{r_p^{(\gamma – 1)/\gamma}} \hoo e ka bang 0.433\) kapa \(43.3\%\), moo \(r_p\) e leng karolelano ya kgatello.

20. Bala mosebetsi o etsoang ke enjene ea mocheso e monyang 250 J ebe e hana 100 J ho ea polokelong e batang.
Tharollo: \(W = Q_{\text{hot}} – Q_{\text{cold}} = 250 – 100 = 150\ \text{J}\).

21. Enjene ea mocheso e sebetsa pakeng tsa 450 K le 150 K. Fumana katleho ea Carnot.
Tharollo: \(\eta = 1 – \frac{T_{\text{cold}}}{T_{\text{hot}}} = 1 – \frac{150}{450} \hoo e ka bang 0.667\) kapa \(66.7\%\).

22. Fumana katleho ea potoloho ea Atkinson ka karolelano ea khatello ea 10.
Tharollo: \(\eta = 1 – \frac{1}{r^{(\gamma – 1)}} \hoo e ka bang 0.593\) kapa \(59.3\%\),

moo \(r\) e leng karolelano ea khatello le \(\gamma\) e leng karolelano ea bokhoni ba mocheso.

20. Enjene ea mocheso e monya 180 J 'me e na le bokhoni ba 40%. Bala mosebetsi o entsoeng.
Tharollo: \(W = \eta \cdot Q_{\text{hot}} = 0.4 \cdot 180 = 72\ \text{J}\).

Hlokomela: Bakeng sa mathata a amanang le potoloho e itseng ea mocheso (joalo ka Otto, Diesel, jj.), ho sebelisitsoe litekanyetso tse itseng tse kang karolelano ea bokhoni ba mocheso \(\gamma\), tse tloaelehileng bakeng sa likhase tse itseng (mohlala, \(\gamma = 1.4\) bakeng sa moea). Litekanyetso tsena li ka fapana ho latela lintho tse itseng tse sebelisoang enjeneng.