Mathata le ditharollo tsa mokelikeli

Mathata le litharollo tsa mokelikeli

1. Setshelo se tletseng metsi mme ho na le lesoba , jwalo ka ha ho bontshitswe setshwantshong se ka tlase. Haeba ho potlaka ka lebaka la matla a khoheli e le 10 ms ^-2 , lebelo la metsi ka lesoba leo ke lefe?

Tse tsejoang: Mathata le ditharollo tsa mokelikeli 1

Bolelele (h) = 85 cm – 40 cm = 45 cm = 0.45 metres

Ho potlaka ka lebaka la matla a khoheli (g) = 10 m/s ²

Ho batloa: Lebelo la metsi (v)

Tharollo:

Khopolo-taba ea Torricelli e bolela hore metsi a tloha ka sekoting ka lebelo le tšoanang le la ntho e oelang ka bolokolohi ho tloha bophahamong bo tšoanang. Bophahamo (h) = 85 cm – 40 cm = 45 cm = 0.45 metres

Lebelo la metsi le balwa ho sebediswa equation ya motsamao wa ho wa ka bolokolohi :

v _t² = 2 gh

v _t² = 2 gh = 2(10)(0.45) = 9

v _t = √9 = 3 m/s

2. Setshelo se tletseng metsi mme ho na le lesoba, jwalo ka ha ho bontshitswe setshwantshong se ka tlase. Haeba ho potlaka ka lebaka la matla a kgoheli e le 10 ms ^-2 , lebelo la metsi ka lesoba leo ke lefe.

Tse tsejoang: Mathata le ditharollo tsa mokelikeli 2

Bophahamo (h) = 1.5 m – 0.25 m = 1.25 metres

Ho potlaka ka lebaka la matla a khoheli (g) = 10 m/s ²

Ho batloa: Lebelo la metsi (v)

Tharollo:

v _t² = 2 gh = 2(10)(1.25) = 25

v _t = √25 = 5 m/s

3. Setshelo se tletseng metsi mme ho na le lesoba, jwalo ka ha ho bontshitswe setshwantshong se ka tlase. Haeba ho potlaka ka lebaka la matla a kgoheli e le 10 ms ^-2 , lebelo la metsi ka lesoba leo ke lefe.

Tse tsejoang:

Bolelele (h) = 1 m – 0.20 m = 0.8 limithara Mathata le ditharollo tsa mokelikeli 3

Ho potlaka ka lebaka la matla a khoheli (g) = 10 m/s ²

Ho batloa: Lebelo la metsi (v)

Tharollo:

v _t² = 2 gh = 2(10)(0.8) = 16

v _t = √16 = 4 m/s

4. Setshelo se tletseng metsi mme ho na le lesoba, jwalo ka ha ho bontshitswe setshwantshong se ka tlase. Haeba ho potlaka ka lebaka la matla a kgoheli e le 10 ms ^-2 , lebelo la metsi ka lesoba leo ke lefe.

Tse tsejoang:

Bolelele (h) = 20 cm = 0.2 metres Mathata le ditharollo tsa mokelikeli 4

Ho potlaka ka lebaka la matla a khoheli (g) = 10 m/s ²

Ho batloa: Lebelo la metsi (v)

Tharollo:

5. Setshelo se tletseng metsi mme ho na le masoba a mabedi , jwalo ka ha ho bontshitswe setshwantshong se ka tlase. Karolelano ya x ₁ ho x ₂ ke efe?

Tharollo

Mathata le ditharollo tsa mokelikeli 6

Nako ea ho oa ha metsi ntle le ho oa ho tsoa lesobeng la 1: Mathata le ditharollo tsa mokelikeli 7

h = 1/2 ho ²

0.8 = 1/2 (10) t ²

0.8 = 5 t ²

t ² = 0.8 / 5 = 0.16

t = metsotsoana e 0.4

Nako ea ho oa ha metsi ntle le ho oa ho tsoa lesobeng la 2:

h = 1/2 ho ²

0.5 = 1/2 (10) t ²

0.5 = 5 t ²

t ² = 0.5 / 5 = 0.1

t = √0.1 motsotsoana

Sebaka se bataletseng (x):

x ₁ = v ₁ t ₁ = (2)(0.4) = limithara tse 0.8

x ₂ = v ₂ t ₂ = (√10)(√0.1) = (10)(0.1) = mithara e le 1

Karolelano ea x ₁ ho isa ho x ₂ :

x ₁_: x ₂ = 0.8: 1 = 8: 10 = 4: 5

Tekanyo ea ho tsoela pele

6. Metsi a phalla ka phaepheng ya bophara bo fapaneng, A ho isa ho B ebe a ya ho C. Karolelano ya A ho ya ho C ke 8 : 3. Haeba lebelo la metsi ka phaepheng A e le v, lebelo la metsi ka phaepheng C ke lefe.

Tse tsejoang:

Sebaka sa A (A)_A= 8 Mathata le ditharollo tsa mokelikeli 8

Sebaka sa C (A _C ) = 3

Lebelo la metsi ka phaepheng A (v _A ) = v

Ho batloa: Lebelo la metsi ka phaepheng C (v _C )

bona le Boholo le tataiso ea masimo a motlakase - mathata le litharollo

Tharollo:

Tekanyo ea ho tsoela pele:

A _A v _A = A _C v _C

8 v = 3 v _C

v _C = 8/3 v

7. Haeba lebelo la metsi ka phaepheng e bophara ba 12 cm e le 10 cm/s, lebelo la metsi ka phaepheng e bophara ba 8 cm ke lefe?

Tse tsejoang:

Bophara ba 1 (d ₁ ) = 12 cm, radius 1 (r ₁ ) = 6 cm

Bophara ba 2 (d ₂ ) = 8 cm, radius 2 (r ₂ ) = 4 cm

Lebelo la metsi 1 (v ₁ ) = 10 cm/s

Ho batloa: Lebelo la metsi 2 (v ₂ )

Tharollo:

Sebaka sa 1 (A ₁ ) = π r ² = π 6 ² = 36π cm ²

Sebaka sa 2 (A ₂ ) = π r ² = π 4 ² = 16π cm ²

Tekanyo ea ho tsoela pele:

A ₁ khahlanong le ₁ = A ₂ khahlanong le ₂

(36π)(10) = (16π) v ₂

(36)(10) = (16) v ₂

360 = (16) v ₂

v ₂ = 360/16

v ₂ = 22.5 cm/s

8. Metsi a phalla ka phaepheng ya bophara bo fapaneng, jwalo ka ha ho bontshitswe setshwantshong se ka tlase. Haeba sebaka sa 1 (A ₁ ) = 8 cm ² , A ₂ = 2 cm ² le lebelo la metsi ka phaepheng 2 = v ₂ = 2 m/s jwale lebelo la metsi ka phaepheng 1 = v ₁ ke lefe.

Tse tsejoang:

Sebaka sa 1 (A)₁) = 8 cm²

Sebaka sa 2 (A ₂ ) = 2 cm ²

Lebelo la metsi ka phaepheng ea 2 (v ₂ ) = 2 m/s

Ho batloa: lebelo la metsi ka phaepheng 1 (v ₁ )

Tharollo:

Tekanyo ea ho tsoela pele:

A ₁ khahlanong le ₁ = A ₂ khahlanong le ₂

8 v ₁ = (2)(2)

8 v ₁ = 4

v ₁ = 4 / 8 = 0.5 m/s

9. Haeba bophara ba phaephe e kgolo bo feta bophara ba phaephe e nyane ka makgetlo a mabedi, lebelo la mokelikeli phaepheng e nyane ke lefe?

Tse tsejoang:

Bophara ba phaephe e kholoanyane (d₁= 2 Mathata le ditharollo tsa mokelikeli 10

Radius ea phaephe e kholoanyane (r ₁ ) = ½ d ₁ = ½ (2) = 1

Sebaka sa phala e kholoanyane ( A ₁ ) = π r ₁² = π (1) ² = π (1) = π

Bophara ba phaephe e nyane (d ₂ ) = 1

Radius ea phaephe e nyane (r ₂ ) = ½ d ₂ = ½ (1) = ½

Sebaka sa phala e nyane ( A ₂ ) = π r ₂² = π (1/2) ² = π (1/4) = ¼ π

Lebelo la mokelikeli phaepheng e kgolo ( v ₁ ) = 4 m/s

Ho batloa: Lebelo la mokelikeli phaepheng e nyane ( v ₂ )

Tharollo:

Tekanyo ea ho tsoela pele:

A ₁ khahlanong le ₁ = A ₂ khahlanong le ₂

π 4 = ¼ π (v ₂ )

4 = ¼ (v ₂ )

v ₂ = 8 m/s

Molao-motheo le li-equation tsa Bernoulli

10. Metsi a pompeloa ka compressor ea 120 kP e kenang phaepheng e ka tlase (1) 'me a phalla ho ea holimo ka lebelo la 1 m/ s. Ho potlaka ka lebaka la matla a khoheli ke 10 m/ s 'me bongata ba metsi ke 1000 kg/m ^-3 . Khatello ea metsi phaepheng e ka holimo ke efe (II ).

Tse tsejoang:

Radius ea phaephe e ka tlase (r)₁) = 12 cm Mathata le ditharollo tsa mokelikeli 11

Radius ea phaephe e ka tlase (r ₂ ) = 6 cm

Kgatelelo ya metsi ka hara phaephe e ka tlase (leq. ₁ ) = 120 kPa = 120,000 Pascal

Lebelo la metsi ka phaepheng e ka tlase (v ₁ ) = 1 ms ^-1

Bophahamo ba phaephe e ka tlase (h ₁ ) = 0 m

Bophahamo ba phaephe e ka hodimo (h ₂ ) = 2 m

Ho potlaka ka lebaka la matla a khoheli (g) = 10 ms ^-2

Boima ba metsi = 1000 kg.m ^-3

Ho batloa: Khatello ea metsi ka har'a phaephe ea 2 (leq. ₂ )

Tharollo:

Lebelo la metsi ka phaepheng ea 2 le baloa ka equation ea tswelopele:

Mathata le ditharollo tsa mokelikeli 12

Khatello ea metsi ka har'a phaephe ea 2 e baloa ho sebelisoa equation ea Bernoulli:

bona le Ho sisinyeha ha sefofane se sekametseng ntle le matla a khohlano - ts'ebeliso ea mathata le litharollo tsa molao oa Newton oa ho sisinyeha

Mathata le ditharollo tsa mokelikeli 13

11. Phaephe e kgolo e bolelele ba dimithara tse 5 ka hodima lefatshe le phaephe e nyane e bolelele ba mithara e le 1 ka hodima lefatshe. Lebelo la metsi ka hara phaephe e kgolo ke 36 km/h ka kgatello ya 9.1 x 10 ⁵ Pa, ha kgatello ka hara phaephe e nyane e le 2.10 ⁵ Pa. Lebelo la metsi ka hara phaephe e nyane ke lefe ? Boima ba metsi = 10 ³ kg/ ^m3

Tse tsejoang:

Khatello ea metsi ka har'a phaephe e kholo (p₁) = 9.1 x 10⁵Pascal = 910,000 Pascal Mathata le ditharollo tsa mokelikeli 14

Khatello ea metsi ka har'a phaephe e nyane (leq. ₂ ) = 2 x 10 ⁵ Pascals = 200,000 Pascals

Lebelo la metsi ka phaepheng e kgolo (v ₁ ) = 36 km/h = 36(1000)/(3600) = 36000/3600 =10 m/s

Bophahamo ba phaephe e kgolo (h ₁ ) = -4 metres

Bophahamo ba phaephe e nyane (h ₂ ) = 0 metres

Ho potlaka ka lebaka la matla a khoheli (g) = 10 ms ^-2

Boima ba metsi = 1000 kg/ ^m3

Ho batloa: Lebelo la metsi ka phaepheng e nyane (v ₂ )

Tharollo:

Lebelo la metsi ka phaepheng e nyane (v ₂ ) le balwa ho sebediswa equation ya Bernoulli:

Mathata le ditharollo tsa mokelikeli 15

12. Phaephe e nang le radius ea 15 cm e hokahaneng le phaephe e 'ngoe e nang le radius ea 5 cm. Ka bobeli li boemong bo bataletseng. Lebelo la phallo ea metsi phaepheng e kholo ke 1 m/s khatellong ea 10 ⁵ N/ m2 ^. Khatello ea metsi phaepheng e nyane ke efe (1 g cm ^-3 )

Tse tsejoang:

Radius ea phaephe e kholo (r ₁ ) = 15 cm = 0.15 m

Radius ea phaephe e nyane (r ₂ ) = 5 cm = 0.05 m

Kgatelelo ya metsi ka hara phaephe e kgolo (leq. ₁ ) = 10 ⁵ N m ^-2 = 100.000 N m ^-2

Lebelo la metsi ka phaepheng e kgolo (v ₁ ) = 1 ms ^-1

Ho potlaka ka lebaka la matla a khoheli (g) = 10 ms ^-2

Boima ba metsi = 1 gr cm ^-3 = 1000 kg m ^-3

Phapang ea bolelele (Δh) = 0.

Ho batloa: Khatello phaepheng e nyane (leq. ₂ )

Tharollo:

Lebelo la metsi ka phaepheng ea 2 le baloa ho sebelisoa equation ea continuity :

Mathata le ditharollo tsa mokelikeli 16

Kgatelelo ya metsi ka hara phaephe e nyane (leq. ₂ ) e balwa ho sebediswa equation ya Bernoulli:

Mathata le ditharollo tsa mokelikeli 17

Matla a mokelikeli ke eng?
- Araba: Matla a mokelikeli ke lekala la fisiks le ithutang motsamao oa maro (metsi le likhase) le matla a sebetsang ho ona. Le akaretsa melao-motheo le li-equation tse hlalosang kamoo maro a phallang kateng, a sebelisanang le meeli e tiileng, le ho ama e mong le e mong.
Phapang ke efe pakeng tsa laminar le turbulent flow?
- Araba: Phallo ea laminar e khetholloa ka mekhahlelo e boreleli, e bapileng ea mokelikeli o tsamaeang litseleng tse hlophisehileng. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, phallo e ferekanyang e na le pherekano, e nang le li-eddies, li-swirling, le liphetoho tse potlakileng. Pherekano hangata e etsahala ka lebelo le phahameng kapa ka litsela tse sa tšoaneng.
Khopolo ea viscosity e bohlokoa joang ho matla a mokelikeli?
- Araba: Ho teteana ho lekanya ho hanyetsa ha mokelikeli ho thibana kapa ho phalla. Mekelikeli e nang le ho teteana ho hoholo (joalo ka mahe a linotši) e hanela ho phalla ho feta mekelikeli e nang le ho teteana ho tlase (joalo ka metsi). Ka matla a mokelikeli, ho teteana ho bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho khetholleng mofuta oa phallo ea mokelikeli, ho qhalana ha matla le matla a ho hula.
Molao-motheo oa Bernoulli ke ofe?
- Araba: Molao-motheo oa Bernoulli o bolela hore phallong e tsitsitseng, kakaretso ea matla a khatello, matla a kinetic, le matla a ka bang teng ka yuniti e lula e tsitsitse. Haholo-holo, moo lebelo la mokelikeli le phahameng, khatello e tlase, 'me ka tsela e fapaneng.
Molao-motheo oa ho phahamisa moeeng o amana joang le matla a mokelikeli?
- Araba: Ho phahamisa lepheo la sefofane ho ka hlalosoa ho sebelisoa molao-motheo oa Bernoulli le molao oa boraro oa Newton. Ha moea o phalla holim'a lepheo, o tsamaea ka lebelo holim'a bokaholimo bo kobehileng ho feta botlaaseng, e leng se etsang phapang ea khatello. Phapang ena khatellong, hammoho le ho kheloha ha moea o theohelang ke lepheo, e fella ka matla kapa ho phahamisa holimo.
Tekanyo ea ho tsoela pele ka matla a mokelikeli ke efe?
- Araba: Tekanyo ea ho tsoela pele e bolela hore sehlahisoa sa sebaka se tšelang karolo (A) sa phallo le lebelo la sona (v) li lula li tsitsitse hammoho le phallo e tsitsitseng. $A_{1} v_{1} = A_{2} v_{2}$ , moo $A_{1}$ 'me $A_{2}$ ke libaka tse tšekaletseng le $v_{1}$ 'me $v_{2}$ ke lebelo lintlheng tse peli tse haufi le molapo o otlolohileng.
Palo ea Reynolds e bapala karolo efe ho matla a mokelikeli?
- Araba: Palo ea Reynolds ke bongata bo se nang tekanyo bo thusang ho bolela esale pele mokhoa oa phallo (laminar, transitional, kapa turbulent) ka matla a mokelikeli. E hlalosoa e le karolelano ea matla a inertial ho matla a viscous 'me e itšetlehile ka lintlha tse kang lebelo la mokelikeli, bolelele ba litšobotsi le thepa ea mokelikeli.
Matla a ho hula a sebetsa jwang dinthong tse tsamayang ka hara mokelikeli?
- Araba: Matla a ho hula a hanyetsa motsamao oa ntho ka har'a mokelikeli. E hlaha ka lebaka la khanyetso e tiileng ea mokelikeli le liphapang tsa khatello tse potolohileng ntho. Boholo le mofuta oa ho hula li itšetlehile ka lintlha tse kang sebopeho sa ntho, ho ba thata, lebelo le litšobotsi tsa mokelikeli.
Phello ea Venturi ke efe?
- Araba: Phello ea Venturi e bolela phokotso ea khatello ea mokelikeli e etsahalang ha mokelikeli o phalla karolong e koetsoeng ea phaephe. Ha lebelo la mokelikeli le ntse le eketseha karolong e koetsoeng (ka lebaka la ho boloka boima), khatello ea oona ea fokotseha ho latela molao-motheo oa Bernoulli.
Ke hobane'ng ha mokelikeli o potlaka ha o phalla karolong e moqotetsane ea phaephe kapa kanale?

Araba: Boitšoaro bona bo ka hlalosoa ke molao-motheo oa ho boloka boima. Phallong e tsitsitseng, bophahamo ba mokelikeli o kenang karolong ea phaephe bo tlameha ho lekana le bophahamo bo tlohang. Haeba phaephe e le tšesaane, mokelikeli o tlameha ho potlaka ho lumella bophahamo bo tšoanang ho feta ka nako e fanoeng.