Lingoloa tse mabapi le foromo ea Tlhaloso le mefuta ea maqhubu a mechini
TLHALOSO EA MAQHAKU A MEKHANIKI
Haeba o tshwara ntlha e le nngwe ya thapo mme o e sisinya hodimo le tlase, ho hlaha leqhubu le hasanang le thapo. Kapa haeba o lahlela lejwe ka metsing, maqhubu a tla hlaha hodima metsi. Thapo le metsi di a sisinyeha feela hodimo le tlase, ha di tsamaye ka ho otloloha. Maqhubu hodima thapo le maqhubu ka metsing ke mehlala ya maqhubu a mechine.
Maqhubu a mechine ke maqhubu a tsamayang ka hara sehahi. Mehlala ea maqhubu a mechine ke maqhubu a holim'a lithapo kapa likhoele, maqhubu ka metsing, maqhubu a molumo a jalang moeeng, le maqhubu a tšisinyeho ea lefatše a jalang mobung. Maqhubu a ka tsamaea libaka tse telele ha sehahi seo maqhubu a thothomelang ka sona se le haufi le ntlha ea tekano.
Mefuta ea Maqhubu a Mechanical
Ho latela sebopeho sa ona, maqhubu a mechine a na le mefuta e 'meli, e leng maqhubu a tšelang, le maqhubu a longitudinal.
Maqhubu a potolohang ke maqhubu a hlahang ha tataiso ea motsamao oa leqhubu e otlolohile ho ea ka tataiso ea motsamao oa likaroloana. Mohlala, maqhubu holim'a thapo, maqhubu holim'a metsi.
Haeba maqhubu a khoele a tsamaea ka lehlakoreng le otlolohileng, likaroloana tse khoeleng li tsamaea ka lehlakoreng le otlolohileng. Ka ho tšoanang, haeba maqhubu a metsi a tsamaea ka lehlakoreng le otlolohileng, likaroloana tsa metsi li tsamaea ka lehlakoreng le otlolohileng.
Maqhubu a longitudinal ke maqhubu a hlahang ha tataiso ea leqhubu e bapile le tataiso ea leqhubu. Mohlala, maqhubu lilibeng, le maqhubu a molumo moeeng.
Haeba leqhubu la selemo le tsamaya ka lehlakoreng le otlolohileng, joale boima le kgatello e bopilweng nakong ya selemo le tsona di tsamaya ka lehlakoreng le otlolohileng.
Ka ho tšoanang, haeba leqhubu la molumo le tsamaea ka lehlakoreng le otlolohileng, moea oa honyela 'me oa otlolla ka lehlakoreng le otlolohileng.
Maqhubu a tšisinyeho ea lefatše a entsoe ka maqhubu a potolohang (a bitsoang maqhubu a shear) le maqhubu a longitudinal (a bitsoang maqhubu a khatello).
FOROMO EA MAQHUBU A MEKHANIKI
Foromo ea Maqhubu a Fetohang
Ho sebelisoa bongata bo 'maloa ho hlalosa maqhubu, e leng Amplitude (A), Frequency (f), Nako (T), le Lebelo la Leqhubu (v).
Boholo ke kheloho e phahameng ka ho fetisisa. Nako ke nako ea maqhubu/likhohlo tse peli tse latellanang tse fetang sebakeng se le seng. Maqhubu ke palo ea litlhōrō/likhohlo tse fetang ntlha e le 'ngoe ka yuniti ea nako.
Maqhubu a mechine a tsamaea ka lebelo le itseng. Foromo ea lebelo la maqhubu ke:
v = λ f = λ/T
v = lebelo la leqhubu, λ = bolelele ba leqhubu, f = maqhubu, T = nako.
Yuniti ea machaba bakeng sa bolelele ba maqhubu ke limithara, yuniti ea maqhubu ke Hertz, 'me yuniti ea nako ke Metsotsoana. Yuniti ea lebelo la maqhubu ke limithara/motsotsoana.
Bothata ba Mohlala:
Leqhubu le tshekaletseng khoeleng le na le maqhubu a 2 Hz (li-crests tse 2 tsa maqhubu li feta sebakeng se le seng, ka motsotsoana o le mong) 'me le na le bolelele ba limithara tse 3 (sebaka se pakeng tsa li-crests tse peli tse haufi ke limithara tse 2). Lebelo la leqhubu ke lefe?
Tse tsejoang:
Maqhubu (f) = 2 Hz
Bolelele ba maqhubu (λ) = limithara tse 3
Ho Batloa: Lebelo (v)
tharollo:
v = λ f = 3 (2) = 6 m/s
Lebelo la leqhubu le tsheletseng ka hara sekgahla le itshetlehile ka mofuta wa sekgahla seo le fetang ho sona. Mohlala, lebelo la leqhubu khoeleng (thapo, khoele, terata) le itshetlehile ka kgatello khoeleng (FT) le boima ba khoele (boima ba khoele ka bolelele ba yuniti).
Bothata ba Mohlala:
Leqhubu le bolelele ba mithara e le 'ngoe 'me le ata holim'a khoele e bolelele ba limithara tse 100 'me le boima ba 2 kg. Khatello thapong ke 200 N. Lebelo la maqhubu thapong ke lefe?
Tse tsejoang:
Bolelele ba maqhubu (λ) = 1 mitha
Bolelele ba thapo (L) = limithara tse 100
Boima ba thapo (m) = 2 kg
Kgatelelo thapong (T) = 200 N
Ho batloa: Lebelo la maqhubu khoeleng (v)
tharollo:
Foromo ea Leqhubu la Longitudinal
Lebelo la maqhubu a longitudinal ka har'a seaplane le itšetlehile ka mofuta oa seaplane seo se fetang ho sona. Lebelo la maqhubu a longitudinal a jalang holim'a lithupa tse tiileng le baloa ho sebelisoa mokhoa ona:
v = lebelo la maqhubu, E = modulus ea Young ea elastic, ρ = density
Bothata ba Mohlala:
Bala lebelo la leqhubu la modumo le tsamayang hodima seporo sa tshepe. Modulus ya Young Steel ya ho tenyetseha = 2 x 10 11 N/m 2 le boima ba tshepe = 7.8 x 10 3 kg/m 3
Tse tsejoang:
Modulus e tenyetsehang ea Tšepe (E) = 2 x 10 11 N/m 2
Botenya ba tšepe (ρ) = 7.8 x 10 3 kg/m 3
Ho batloa: Lebelo la maqhubu a molumo
tharollo:
Lebelo la maqhubu a bolelele bo bolelele a jalang ka hara metsi le likhase le baloa ho sebelisoa mokhoa ona: v = lebelo la maqhubu, B = modulus e kholo, ρ = bongata
Bothata ba Mohlala:
Lebelo la maqhubu a longitudinal ke lefe ha a tsamaya metsing?
Modulus ea metsi a mangata (B) = 2 x 10 9 N/m 2
Boima ba metsi (ρ) = 1000 kg/ m3
tharollo:
Lebelo la maqhubu a longitudinal ha a ata ka metsing:
