Lithuto tsa motheo tsa fisiks

Ho hlalosa mekhoa ea thermodynamic e ke keng ea fetoloa, bo-rasaense ba ile ba theha molao oa bobeli oa thermodynamics. Molao oa bobeli oa thermodynamics o hlalosa hore na ke mekhoa efe e ka etsahalang bokahohleng le hore na ke mekhoa efe e ke keng ea etsahala. Rasaense e mong ea bitsoang RJE Clausius (1822-1888) o entse polelo e latelang:

Ka tlhaho, mocheso o tloha linthong tse mocheso o phahameng ho ea linthong tse mocheso o tlase; ka tlhaho, mocheso ha o tsoele pele ho tloha linthong tse mocheso o tlase ho ea linthong tse mocheso o phahameng (Molao oa bobeli oa thermodynamics—polelo ea Clausius).

Polelo ea Clausius ke e 'ngoe ea lipolelo tse ikhethang tsa molao oa bobeli oa thermodynamics. E bitsoa polelo e khethehileng hobane e sebetsa ts'ebetsong e le 'ngoe feela, e amanang le phetisetso ea mocheso. Kaha polelo ena ha e amane le lits'ebetso tse ling, re hloka polelo e akaretsang haholoanyane. Nts'etsopele ea polelo e akaretsang ea molao oa bobeli oa thermodynamics e thehiloe thutong ea lienjine tsa mocheso. Ka hona, re buisana ka mocheso oa enjine pele.

Bala haholoanyane

Article Thermodynamic processes : Isothermal Adiabatic Isochoric Isobaric

There are four thermodynamic processes, namely Isothermal, isochoric, isobaric and adiabatic processes.

Isothermal Process (constant temperature)

In an isothermal process, system temperature is kept constant. Theoretically, the analyzed system is an ideal gas. Ideal gas temperature is directly proportional to ideal internal gas energy (U = 3/2 n R T). T does not change, so U also does not change. Thus, if applied to the isothermal process, the first law of the thermodynamic equation becomes:

Bala haholoanyane

Ts'ebetso ea Thermodynamic

Mocheso (Q) ke matla a tsamayang ho tloha nthong e 'ngoe ho ea ho e 'ngoe ka lebaka la phapang ea mocheso. Mabapi le litsamaiso le tikoloho, mocheso ke matla a tsamaeang ho tloha tsamaisong ho ea tikolohong kapa matla a tsamaeang ho tloha tikolohong ho ea tsamaisong, ka lebaka la phapang ea mocheso. Haeba mocheso oa sistimi o phahame ho feta mocheso oa tikoloho, mocheso o tla phalla ho tloha tsamaisong ho ea tikolohong. Haeba mocheso oa tikoloho o phahame ho feta mocheso oa sistimi, joale mocheso o phalla ho tloha tikolohong ho ea tsamaisong.

Mocheso (Q) ke matla a tsamayang ka lebaka la phapang ya mocheso, athe mosebetsi (W) o amana le phetiso ya matla ka mosebetsi. Mohlala, haeba sistimi e sebetsa tikolohong, matla a tloha tsamaisong ho ya tikolohong. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, haeba tikoloho e sebetsa tsamaisong, matla a tloha tikolohong ho ya tsamaisong.

Bala haholoanyane

Likhohlano tse se nang sekoli

Paballo ea molao oa matla a kinetic ha e sebetse likhohlanong tsa inelastic. Paballo ea molao oa momentum e sebetsa likhohlanong tsa inelastic haeba feela ho se na matla a kantle a sebetsang linthong tse peli tse thulanang. Khohlanong ea inelastic, lintho tse peli lia khomarelana kapa lia khomarelana ka mor'a khohlano.

Mohlala oa potso ea 1.

Lintho tse peli li boima bo tšoanang, e leng 1 kg. Ntho ea 1 e tsamaea sefofaneng se bataletseng ka lebelo la 10 m/s 'me e thulana le ntho ea bobeli e phomotseng. Kamora ho thulana, lintho tse peli lia khomarelana. Lebelo la lintho tse peli ke lefe kamora ho thulana?

Bala haholoanyane

Ho thulana ho sa tenyetseheng ka karolo

Likotsing tse sa tenyetseheng ka karolo e itseng, molao oa paballo ea momentum oa sebetsa, athe paballo ea molao oa matla a kinetic ha e sebetse. Nakong eo ho thulana ho etsahalang, matla a mang a kinetic a fetoloa matla a molumo, matla a mocheso le matla a ka hare. Tšebeliso ea lentsoe elastic e bontša hore ka mor'a ho thulana, lintho tse peli ha li khomarele empa lia tlola.

Mohlala oa ho thulana ho sa tenyetseheng ke ho thulana ha 'mabole a mabeli kapa libolo tse peli tsa letamo ka tekanyo e le 'ngoe.

Bala haholoanyane

Paballo ea lebelo le otlolohileng

Molao oa paballo ea lebelo le otlolohileng o bolela hore haeba ho se na matla a kantle a sebetsang linthong tse peli tse thulanang, lebelo la lintho pele ho thulano le lekana le lebelo la lintho ka mor'a thulano.

p₁ + leq₂ = leq₁ ' + p₂ ' ………….. Tekanyo 1.4

m₁ v₁ +m₂ v₂ = m₁ v₁ ' + m₂ v₂ '

Haeba ka mora ho thulana dintho ka bobedi di kgomarelana,

m₁ v₁ +m₂ v₂ = (m₁ +m₂ ) v'

Bala haholoanyane

Ho thulana ho tenyetsehang ka ho phethahetseng

Ho thulana ha lintho tse peli ho bitsoa ho thulana ho phethahetseng haeba matla a momentum kapa kinetic a ntho ka 'ngoe pele ho ho thulana a lekana le matla a momentum le kinetic a ntho ka 'ngoe kamora ho thulana. Ka mantsoe a mang, paballo ea molao oa momentum le paballo ea molao oa matla a kinetic lia sebetsa likhohlanong tse phethahetseng. Tšebeliso ea lentsoe elastic e bontša hore kamora ho thulana, lintho tse peli ha li khomarele kapa ha li hokahane empa lia tlola. Matla a ntho ka 'ngoe a bolokiloe.

Motsamao oa ntho e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe oa bolokoa.

Bala haholoanyane

Molao-motheo oa matla a mosebetsi le mechine

Theorem ea matla a kinetic e bolela hore mosebetsi oa letlooa kapa mosebetsi o etsoang ke matla a letlooa o lekana le phetoho ea matla a kinetic.

W_letlooa = HO_t – HO_o = 1⁄2 m(v_t² - v_o²)

W_letlooa = Ho na le mefuta e 'meli ea matla, e leng matla a bolokang lintho tsa khale, le matla a sa bolokeng lintho tsa khale. Kahoo, mosebetsi oa netweke o ka nkoa o entsoe ka mosebetsi o etsoang ke matla a bolokang lintho tsa khale le mosebetsi o etsoang ke matla a sa bolokeng lintho tsa khale.

W_c +W_nc = ΔKE

Bala haholoanyane

Mosebetsi o etsoang ke matla a bolokang lintho tse bonahalang

Sheba ntho e nyolohang ka ho otloloha ebe e kgutlela boemong ba yona ba pele kamora ho fihla bophahamong bo phahameng ka ho fetisisa. Ha ntho e nyoloha ka ho otloloha, boima bo etsa mosebetsi o fosahetseng hodima ntho eo. Ha ntho e nyoloha, bophahamo ba ntho bo a eketseha. Ka hona, matla a kgoheli a ntho le ona a a eketseha. Ho ka fihlellwa qeto ya hore mosebetsi o fosahetseng o etswang ke boima o lekana le keketseho ya matla a kgoheli a ntho (PE).

Bala haholoanyane

Matla a Conservative le matla a seng a Conservative

1. Matla a Conservative

Boima ba 1.1 (w)

Sheba ntho e tsamayang e otlolohile hodimo ho fihlela e fihla bophahamong bo hodimo pele e theohela tlase ho ya boemong ba yona ba pele. Ha e tsamaya e otlolohile hodimo ka h, boima bo fapane le ho falla. Kahoo, boima bo etsa mosebetsi o fosahetseng hodima ntho eo. 

W = wh (cos 180^o) = – wh = – mgh

Ka mora ho fihla bophahamong bo phahameng ka ho fetisisa, ntho e theohela tlase ho ya boemong ba yona ba pele ka h. Ha e theohela tlase, boima bo le ka lehlakoreng le le leng le ho falla. Hobane e le ka lehlakoreng le le leng le ho falla, boima bo etsa mosebetsi o motle.

Bala haholoanyane