Lithuto tsa motheo tsa fisiks

Haeba re sheba ka hloko, mosi o tswang ho tjheseng o ka bonahala qalong. Kamora nako, mosi o ke ke wa bonwa. Na o sebedisitse setlolo? Le hoja o fafatsa setlolo ka phapusing, batho ba bang ba kantle ho ntlo le bona ba ka utlwa monko wa setlolo. Haeba mme a pheha dijo tse monate le tse monate ka kichineng, monko wa ho pheha o ka utlwahala le ntlong ya moahelani. Hobaneng ho le jwalo?

Ho na le mehlala e meng e mengata. Haeba o kenya marotholi a 'maloa a enke ka khalaseng e nang le metsi a hlakileng, enke, kapa 'mala oa lijo o tla ata ka ho lekana metsing. Sena se etsahala ka bohona. Mehlala e meng ea pejana ke liketsahalo tsa ho hasana tse atisang ho ba teng bophelong ba letsatsi le letsatsi. Ho hasana ke ts'ebetso ea ho tsamaisa lintho ho tloha khatellong e phahameng ho ea khatellong e tlase. Se boleloang ke khatello ke palo ea limolek'hule/limolek'hule tsa ntho ka bophahamo. Sebaka sa khatello e phahameng ke sebaka seo ho nang le limolek'hule tse ngata tsa lintho ka bophahamo. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, khatello e tlase ke libaka tseo ho nang le limolek'hule tse fokolang ka bophahamo.

Bala haholoanyane

Matla ka khase e ntle ea monatomic

Matla a khase e ntle ea monatomic ke kakaretso ea matla a kinetic a phetolelo ea limolek'hule tsa khase tse ntle tsa monatomic. Kakaretso ea matla a kinetic a phetolelo ea limolek'hule tsa khase tse ntle = sehlahisoa sa matla a kinetic a phetolelo a molek'hule ka 'ngoe le palo ea limolek'hule (N). Ka lipalo:

Bala haholoanyane

Theorem ea equiparation ea eneji e nkiloe ka khopolo-taba ke Clerk Maxwell a sebelisa mechanics ea lipalo-palo. E bitsoa theorem hobane ha ho na bopaki ka liteko. Karohano ea eneji e bolela kabo e lekanang ea eneji.

KE = karolelano ea matla a kinetic a phetolelo ea limolek'hule tsa khase (Joule)

k = Boltzmann's kamehla = 1.38 x 10^-23 J/K

T = mocheso o feletseng oa molek'hule e loketseng ea khase (Kelvin)

Bala haholoanyane

Ntle le kgatello, e 'ngoe ea bongata bo bolelang mofuta o moholo oa khase ke mocheso (T). Tekanyo ea khatello ea khase:

Bala haholoanyane

Ba kKhopolo-taba ea kinetic e bolela hore ntho e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe e entsoe ka liathomo kapa limolek'hule le hore athomo kapa molek'hule e tsamaea ka mokhoa o sa tsotelleng. Khopolo-taba ena ea khopolo-taba ea kinetic e tsamaellana le boemo le boemo ba athomo kapa molek'hule ea karolo ea khase. Matla a ho hohelana pakeng tsa liathomo kapa limolek'hule tse etsang khase a fokola hoo liathomo kapa limolek'hule li ka tsamaeang ka bolokolohi.

Bala haholoanyane

Molao oa Boyle, Molao oa Charles, Molao oa Gay-Lussac

Molao oa Boyle

Robert Boyle (1627-1691) o entse liteko ho batlisisa kamano ea bongata pakeng tsa khatello ea khase le bophahamo ba modumo. Teko ena e etsoa ka ho kenya khase e itseng ka har'a setshelo se koetsoeng. Ho fihlela mokhoa o motle haholo, o fumane hore haeba mocheso oa khase o ne o lula o tsitsitse, joale ha khatello ea khase e eketseha, bophahamo ba khase bo ne bo fokotseha. Ka ho tšoanang, ha khatello ea khase e fokotseha, bophahamo ba khase boa eketseha. Khatello ea khase e lekana ka tsela e fapaneng le bophahamo ba khase. Kamano ena e tsejoa e le Molao oa Boyle. Ka lipalo:

Bala haholoanyane

The gas laws of Boyle, Charles law and Gay-Lussac do not apply to all gas conditions, so our analysis becomes more difficult. Therefore, presented the ideal gas model. Ideal gas does not exist in everyday life; the ideal gas is the just perfect form to facilitate analysis. The existence of this ideal gas concept also really helps us in reviewing the relationship between the three laws of gas.

The relationship among temperature, volume, and gas pressure

By referring to the three gas laws above, we can derive a more general relationship between temperature, volume, and gas pressure.

Bala haholoanyane

Polelo e tobileng ea molao oa bobeli oa thermodynamics e ke ke ea hlalosoa bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsohle tse ke keng tsa fetoloa, kahoo re hloka polelo e akaretsang. Polelo ena e akaretsang e lebelletsoe ho hlalosa lits'ebetso tsohle tse ke keng tsa fetoloa tse etsahalang bokahohleng. Polelo e akaretsang ea molao oa bobeli oa thermodynamics e entsoe bohareng ba lekholo la leshome le metso e robong la lilemo, ka bongata bo bitsoang entropy (S). Entropy e ile ea hlahisoa ka lekhetlo la pele ke Clausius 'me ea etsoa ho tsoa potolohong ea Carnot (enjene e phethahetseng ea lik'hilojule). Ho ea ka Clausius, liphetoho tsa entropy li bonoa ke sistimi, ha sistimi e fumana mocheso o eketsehileng (Q) mochesong o sa fetoheng, o emeloang ke equation:

Bala haholoanyane

Article about Coefficient of performance of the cooling machine

A cooling machine is a machine that takes heat from a low-temperature place, then transfers it to a high-temperature area. For this process to happen, the machine must do the work because the heat naturally flows from high temperature to low temperature. This is by Clausius’s statement:

It is impossible for a cooling machine to transfer heat from a low-temperature place to a high-temperature place, without work (Second law of thermodynamics—Clausius statement).

The machine works (W) to transfer heat, from low temperature (Q_L) to high temperature (Q_H). Based on conservation of energy, Q_L + W = Q_H.

Bala haholoanyane

Ho fumana mokhoa oa ho eketsa bokhoni ba mocheso enjene, rasaense oa Lefora ea bitsoang Sadi Carnot (1796-1832) o ile a hlahloba mochini o loketseng oa lik'hilojule ka 1824. Ka nako eo, molao oa pele oa thermodynamics o ne o e-so qaptjoe, kapa molao oa bobeli oa thermodynamics. Molao oa pele ha o so qaptjoe hobane bo-rasaense ha ba e-so tsebe hore mocheso ke matla. Kamora hore Joule le basebetsi-'moho le eena ba leke liteko lilemong tsa bo-1830, bo-rasaense ba ile ba fumana hore mocheso ke matla a tsamaeang ka lebaka la liphapang tsa mocheso. Kahoo, molao oa pele oa thermodynamics o ile oa qaptjoa ka mor'a 1830. Sadi Carnot o ne a ntse a batlisisa enjene e loketseng ea lik'hilojule ka 1824. Phuputso ea hae e ne e hlile e le ho eketsa katleho ea enjene ea mouoane. Lienjene tse ngata tsa mouoane tsa nako eo li ne li sa sebetse hantle.

Bala haholoanyane