Peresente ea Bohloeki: Bohlokoa le Mokhoa oa ho e Bala
Pheresente ea bohloeki ke khopolo ea bohlokoa mafapheng a fapaneng a saense, ho tloha k'hemistri ea tlhahlobo ho ea indastering ea meriana. Ho utloisisa pheresente ea bohloeki le mokhoa oa ho bo bala ke tsebo ea motheo eo hangata e leng ea bohlokoa ts'ebetsong ea laboratori, tlhahiso ea lik'hemik'hale le taolo ea boleng. Sengoloa sena se tla hlalosa ka botebo hore na pheresente ea bohloeki ke eng, hore na ke hobane'ng ha e le ea bohlokoa, le hore na e ka baloa joang ka nepo.
Tlhaloso ea Peresente ea Bohloeki
Bohloeki ba peresente ke karolelano ea boima ba karolo e hloekileng sampoleng ho ea boima bohle ba sampole, bo hlalositsoeng e le peresente. Ka lipalo, sena se ka hlalosoa ka tsela ena:
\[ \text{Percent Purity} = \left( \frac{\text{boima ba dikarolo tse hlwekileng}}{\text{boima bohle ba sampole}} \right) \times 100\% \]
Khopolo ena e thusa ho utloisisa hore na thepa e hloekile hakae. Ha e le hantle, peresente ea bohloeki e bohlokoa ho netefatsa hore thepa e sebelisoang lits'ebetsong tse fapaneng, joalo ka lik'hemik'hale tsa lipatlisiso, meriana, esita le litšepe tsa bohlokoa, li fihlela maemo a itseng a boleng.
Hobaneng Peresente ea Bohloeki e le ea Bohlokoa?
1. Boleng ba Sehlahisoa: Indastering ea meriana, bohloeki ba metsoako e sebetsang bo bohlokoa ho netefatsa katleho le polokeho ea meriana. Meriana e hloekileng e ka ba le litšila tse kotsi kapa ea se sebetse ka tekanyo e behiloeng.
2. Bokgoni ba Karabelo ya Dikhemikhale: K'hemistring ya tlhahlobo le ya maiketsetso, bohloeki ba thepa bo ama bokgoni le tlhahiso ya dikarabelo. Disebediswa tsa boleng bo tlase di ka ba le ditshila tse bakang dikarabelo tse sa batleheng.
3. Polokeho: Maemong a mang, litšila tse ka har'a lik'hemik'hale li ka ba kotsi. Mohlala, mafura a hloekileng haholo aa hlokahala li-reactor tsa nyutlelie ho thibela liketso tse sa laoleheng tsa ketane.
4. Theko: Litšepeng tsa bohlokoa tse kang khauta le silevera, bohloeki bo ama theko ka ho toba. Khauta ea 24-karat e nkoa e le khauta e hloekileng, ha khauta ea low-karat e na le metsoako e mengata.
Mokhoa oa ho Bala Peresente ea Bohloeki
1. Ho Sebelisa Boima: Mokhoa oa motheo oa ho bala bohloeki ba peresente ke ho lekanya boima ba karolo e hloekileng le boima bohle ba sampole. Mohlala, haeba u na le sampole e nang le boima bohle ba ligrama tse 10, 'me ligrama tse 8 feela tsa eona li hloekile, bohloeki ba peresente ke:
\[ \text{Percent Purity} = \left( \frac{8g}{10g} \right) \times 100\% = 80\% \]
2. Ho Sebelisa Tlhahlobo ea Molumo (Titration): Ka linako tse ling, bohloeki ba thepa bo ka fumanoa ka titration. Mohlala, tlhahlobong ea acid-base, u ka 'na ua tseba mahloriso a nepahetseng a tharollo ea titrant le bophahamo bo sebelisitsoeng ho fihlela ntlha ea ho lekana. Ho tloha mona, u ka bala boima ba karolo e sebetsang 'me ua bo bapisa le boima bohle ba sampole.
3. Spectroscopy: Maemong a mang, mekhoa e rarahaneng haholoanyane e kang infrared kapa ultraviolet spectroscopy e sebelisoa ho fumana hore na sampole e entsoe joang. Lintlha tsa spectroscopic lia hlahlojoa ho fumana hore na karolo ea peresente ea bohloeki ba thepa ke efe.
4. Chromatography: Mekhoa ena, ho kenyeletsoa le Gas Chromatography (GC) le High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), e ka arola likarolo ka sampole mme ea fumana bongata bo amanang le karolo ka 'ngoe.
Mohlala oa Tšebeliso ea Palo ea Peresente ea Bohloeki
1. Khemisti: A re re moriana o na le ntho e sebetsang A. Litekong tsa laboratori, ho fumanoe hore ho tsoa ho gram e le 'ngoe ea sampole ea moriana, ke ligrama tse 0.9 feela tse sebetsang A, ha tse setseng e le litšila. Peresente ea bohloeki ba ntho e sebetsang A e ka baloa ka tsela ena:
\[ \text{Percent Purity} = \left( \frac{0.9g}{1g} \right) \times 100\% = 90\% \]
2. Litšepe tsa Bohlokoa: Haeba u na le sampole ea khauta e boima ba ligrama tse 100, 'me tlhahlobo e bontša hore ligrama tse 90 tsa sampole ke khauta e hloekileng, joale:
\[ \text{Percent Purity} = \left( \frac{90g}{100g} \right) \times 100\% = 90\% \]
3. Tlhahlobo ea Lik'hemik'hale: Laboratoring, setsebi sa lik'hemik'hale se ka fumana hore reagent ea lik'hemik'hale e sebelisoang e na le bohloeki ba 95%. Ka tlhahisoleseling ena, ba ka bala bongata bo hlokahalang bakeng sa karabelo, ba nahane ka litšila life kapa life tse teng.
Mabaka a Amang ho Nepahala ha Tekanyo
1. Lisebelisoa: Ho nepahala ha lisebelisoa tsa ho lekanya tse kang sekala, li-pH metres, kapa li-spectrophotometer ho bohlokoa. Liphoso tsa ho lekanya li ka fella ka ho se nepahale ha lipalo tsa bohloeki.
2. Mokhoa oa ho Etsa Sampole: Mekhoa ea ho etsa sampole e sa emeleng e ka ama liphetho tsa tlhahlobo. Netefatsa hore lisampole li nkuoa ka mokhoa o sa reroang kapa ho latela melaoana e nepahetseng.
3. Tikoloho: Mabaka a tikoloho a kang mocheso, mongobo le ho pepesehela khanya a ka ama botsitso ba sampole, haholo-holo maemong a lik'hemik'hale tse arabelang.
4. Litšila: Ho tsebahatsa le ho lekanya litšila ka nepo ho bohlokoa. Litšila tse ling li kanna tsa se lemohuoe ka mekhoa e bonolo ea tlhahlobo 'me li hloka mekhoa e rarahaneng haholoanyane.
Qetello
Peresente ea bohloeki ke parameter ea bohlokoa e khethollang boleng, katleho le polokeho lits'ebetsong tse ngata tsa indasteri le tsa mahlale. Ho utloisisa mohopolo ona le mokhoa oa ho o bala ka nepo ho ka fana ka temohisiso ea bohlokoa le ho thusa ho thibela mathata a mangata a ka hlahang ka lebaka la ho sebelisa thepa e sa hloekang. Ho tloha lilaboratoring tsa lipatlisiso ho ea lifemeng tsa tlhahiso, bohloeki ba thepa ke karolo ea bohlokoa e ke keng ea hlokomolohuoa. Ka lipalo tse nepahetseng le mekhoa ea tlhahlobo, re ka netefatsa maemo a boleng bo holimo le ho fokotsa likotsi tse amanang le ts'ebeliso ea lik'hemik'hale le lihlahisoa tse ling.
