Bokhoni ba ho Tšoasa Litlhapi Libakeng tse Lebopong la Indonesia
Indonesia, e le naha e kgolo ka ho fetisisa lefatsheng e nang le dihlekehleke tse fetang 17.000, e na le bokgoni bo boholo ba lewatle le ba ho tshwasa ditlhapi. Metsi a naha ya Indonesia a akaretsa disekwere-khilomithara tse ka bang dimilione tse 3,25, a akaretsang mawatle a naha, metsi a disekwere-mithara, le Sebaka se Ikgethang sa Moruo (EEZ). Lebopo la yona la lewatle la dikhilomithara tse 81.000 le etsa hore e be la bobedi le lelelele ka ho fetisisa lefatsheng kamora Canada. Mefutafuta e ruileng ya diphedi le ditikoloho tse rarahaneng tse pela dibaka tsena tsa lebopong di fana ka bokgoni bo boholo bakeng sa ho tshwasa ditlhapi, e leng se tlatsetsang haholo moruong wa naha.
Pendahuluan
Botshwasi ba ditlhapi ke lekala la bohlokwa moruong wa Indonesia. Hase feela hore ke mohlodi wa dijo le protheine bakeng sa setjhaba, empa hape e sebetsa e le mokokotlo wa metse e lebopong la lewatle, eo bongata ba yona bo itshetlehileng mesebetsing ya ho tshwasa ditlhapi. Ho feta moo, indasteri ya ho tshwasa ditlhapi e bapala karolo ho theheng mesebetsi le ho hlahisa phapanyetsano ya dinaha tse ding ka ho romela dihlahiswa tsa ditlhapi kantle ho naha.
Mehloli e ka Khonehang ea Litlhapi
Indonesia e na le leruo le ikhethang la litlhapi. Mefuta e tšoasoang metsing a Indonesia e fapane haholo, ho tloha ho litlhapi tse nyane tsa pelagic tse kang sardine le anchovies ho ea ho litlhapi tse kholo tsa pelagic tse kang tuna le tuna ea skipjack. Litlhapi tsa demersal tse kang snapper le grouper le tsona li bohlokoa haholo.
Ho ya ka tlhahisoleseding e tswang ho Lefapha la Merero ya Mawatle le Ditlhapi (KKP), bokgoni bo tsitsitseng ba mehlodi ya ditlhapi tse tshwarwang metsing a Indonesia bo hakanngwa ho ditone tse dimilione tse 12,54 ka selemo. Ho kakaretso ena, bokgoni ba ho tshwasa ditlhapi bo tsitsitseng bo arotswe ka Dibaka tse 11 tsa Taolo ya Ditlhapi tsa Rephaboliki ya Indonesia (WPP NRI). WPP ka nngwe e na le mefuta e ikgethang ya ho tshwasa ditlhapi le thepa e ntle, e bontshang mefutafuta ya ditikoloho tsa lewatle tsa Indonesia.
Temo ea Litlhapi
Ntle le ho tšoasa litlhapi, Indonesia e boetse e na le monyetla o moholo oa ho lema litlhapi. Temo ea litlhapi e kenyelletsa metsi a hloekileng, metsi a letsoai le a leoatleng. Libaka tsa eona tse kholo tsa lebopong le boteng ba tikoloho ea mangrove le mafika a likorale li tšehetsa nts'etsopele ea temo ea litlhapi.
Lihlahisoa tse ka sehloohong tse lengoang li kenyelletsa litlhapi tsa metsi a hloekileng tse kang tilapia le catfish, hammoho le litlhapi tsa metsi a letsoai le tsa leoatleng tse kang milkfish, grouper, le whiteleg shrimp. Whiteleg shrimp, haholo-holo, ke thepa e etellang pele ho romelloa kantle ho naha, 'me mebaraka ea mantlha ke United States, Japane le European Union.
Tikoloho ea Lebōpo la Leoatle le Mefuta-futa ea Liphedi
Katleho ea lekala la ho tšoasa litlhapi e hokahane ka mokhoa o ke keng oa aroloa le bophelo bo botle ba tikoloho ea lebopong la leoatle, ho kenyeletsoa le lifate tsa mangrove, mafika a likorale le lirapa tsa joang ba leoatle. Libaka tsena tsa tikoloho li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa e le libaka tsa ho behela mahe, tsa tlhokomelo ea bana le tsa bolulo bakeng sa mefuta e fapaneng ea litlhapi le liphoofolo tse ling tsa leoatleng.
Li-mangrove, tse sireletsang mabōpo a leoatle khoholehong le ho fana ka bolulo ba bohlokoa bakeng sa mefuta e 'maloa ea litlhapi le li-shrimp, le tsona li phetha karolo ea ho fokotsa phetoho ea tlelaemete ka ho monya carbon dioxide. Li-coral reefs, ntle le ho hohela bohahlauli ba leoatleng, ke lehae la mefuta e likete ea litlhapi le lintho tse phelang metsing. Indonesia e na le hoo e ka bang 18% ea li-coral reefs tsa lefats'e, tse hasaneng ho pholletsa le sebaka sa Coral Triangle, hammoho le Philippines, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Timor Leste le Lihlekehleke tsa Solomon.
Boleng bo Eketsehileng le Phapang ea Lihlahisoa
Ho eketsa bokgoni ba ho tshwara ditlhapi, ho hlokahala boiteko ho eketsa boleng bo eketsehileng ba dihlahiswa tsa ditlhapi. Tsela e nngwe ke ka ho fapanyetsana dihlahiswa, jwalo ka ho di lokisa hore e be dihlahiswa tse sebeditsweng jwalo ka di-fillet, oli ya tlhapi, phofo ya tlhapi le dihlahiswa tse ding. Mahlale a sejwalejwale a ho paka le ho boloka a ka boela a thusa ho atolosa nako ya ho boloka dihlahiswa tsa ditlhapi, e leng se di nolofalletsang ho fihlella mebaraka e meholo, ka hara naha le matjhabeng.
Liphephetso le Maano a Tsamaiso e Tšoarellang
Ho sa tsotellehe bokgoni ba yona bo boholo, lekala la dihlapi la Indonesia le lona le tobane le diphephetso tse fapaneng. Ho tshwasa ditlhapi ho feta tekano, ho tshwasa ditlhapi ho seng molaong, ho sa tlalehweng, le ho sa laolweng (IUU), le tshilafatso ya lewatle ke tse ding tsa ditaba tse lokelang ho rarollwa.
Maano a taolo ya ho tshwasa ditlhapi a tsitsitseng a tlameha ho kenngwa tshebetsong ho boloka botsitso ba tikoloho le botsitso ba mehlodi ya ditlhapi. Mmuso wa Indonesia o nkile mehato e mmalwa ya maano, ho kenyeletswa:
1. Phethahatso ea Molao: Keketseho ea tlhokomelo le phethiso ea molao khahlanong le mekhoa ea ho tšoasa litlhapi ea IUU. Lefapha la Litaba tsa Leoatle le Litlhapi le nkile bohato bo tiileng ka ho tebisa likepe tsa kantle ho naha tse tšoeroeng li tšoasa litlhapi ka mokhoa o seng molaong metsing a Indonesia.
2. Taolo ea Li-Catch Quota: Kenya tšebetsong tsamaiso ea li-catch quota ho latela bokhoni bo tsitsitseng le bokhoni ba WPP ka 'ngoe ho thibela ho tšoasa litlhapi ho feta tekano.
3. Theknoloji le Ntlafatso ea Bokhoni ba Basebetsi: Ho ntlafatsa theknoloji ea ho tšoasa litlhapi le temo ea litlhapi le koetliso bakeng sa batšoasi ba litlhapi le balemi ba litlhapi ho eketsa tlhahiso le boleng ba litlhapi tse tšoasoang.
4. Paballo ea Tikoloho ea Lebōpo la Leoatle: Ho matlafatsa mananeo a tsosoloso ea mangrove le mafika a likorale, hammoho le ho matlafatsa metse ea lebōpo la leoatle boitekong ba paballo.
5. Phapang ea Khoebo: Khothaletsa phapang ea khoebo bakeng sa metse e lebōpong la leoatle ho fokotsa ho itšetleha ka ho feletseng ka ho tšoasa litlhapi, joalo ka ka temo ea litlhapi le ts'ebetso ea lihlahisoa tsa litlhapi.
Litebello tsa nakong e tlang
Ka lebaka la bokgoni ba yona bo boholo, lekala la Indonesia la ho tshwasa ditlhapi le fana ka menyetla e tshepisang haholo bakeng sa bokamoso. Ka tsamaiso e tsitsitseng, boqapi ba theknoloji, le mefuta e fapaneng ya dihlahiswa, lekala lena le tla tswela pele ho etsa menehelo e meholo moruong wa naha le boiketlong ba metse e lebopong la lewatle.
Mebuso, litsebi tsa thuto, likhoebo le sechaba li tlameha ho sebetsa 'moho ho netefatsa hore mehloli ena ea tlhaho e sebelisoa ka bohlale le ka mokhoa o tsitsitseng. Tšebelisano-'moho ea libaka le ea machaba le eona ea hlokahala ho sebetsana le litaba tsa lefats'e tse kang phetoho ea tlelaemete le ho tšoasa litlhapi ka IUU.
Ka boitlamo le leano le nepahetseng, bokgoni bo boholo ba ho tshwasa ditlhapi dibakeng tse lebopong la lewatle la Indonesia bo ka eketswa ho fana ka melemo e metle bakeng sa batho bohle ba Indonesia, ha ka nako e ts'oanang ho bolokwa tlhaho bakeng sa meloko e tlang.
