Lisebelisoa tsa Bohlokoa Thomellong ea Sejoale-joale
Mehleng ena ea ho ikopanya ha lichaba tsa lefatše, likepe tsa sejoale-joale li phetha karolo ea bohlokoa khoebong ea machaba, bohahlauli le ho tsamaea ka kakaretso. Lipalangoang tsa likepe li nkoa e le e 'ngoe ea mekhoa e sebetsang ka ho fetisisa le e theko e tlaase ea lipalangoang, ka lebaka la likepe tse kholo tse ka jarang thepa, thepa le bapalami. Ho netefatsa hore likepe li romelloa ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng, o sebetsang hantle le o nakong, ho hlokahala mefuta e fapaneng ea lisebelisoa tse rarahaneng le tse nakong. Sengoloa sena se tla tšohla tse ling tsa lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa tse sebelisoang likepeng tsa sejoale-joale le kamoo theknoloji ena e thusang ho ntlafatsa polokeho le katleho ho tsamaiseng likepe.
1. Sistimi ea Tsamaiso ea GPS
Sistimi ea Boemo ba Lefatše (GPS) ke theknoloji ea bohlokoa ho tsamaiseng likepe tsa sejoale-joale. GPS e lumella likepe ho fumana ka nepo sebaka sa tsona leoatleng. Ka thuso ea li-satellite, GPS e ka fana ka data e nepahetseng ea sebaka ho fihlela ho limithara tse 'maloa. Sena se thusa batsamaisi ba likepe le basebetsi ho lula ba tseba le ho etsa liqeto tsa ho tsamaiseng likepe ho latela data ea nako ea sebele. Ho feta moo, GPS e kopantsoe le lits'ebetso tse ling tse fapaneng tsa ho tsamaiseng likepe ho thusa ho rala litsela le ho qoba likotsi leoatleng.
2. ECDIS (Pontšo ea Chate ea Elektroniki le Sistimi ea Tlhahisoleseling)
ECDIS ke sistimi ea tlhahisoleseling ea chate ea elektroniki le ea ho tsamaea e nkileng sebaka sa lichate tsa pampiri tsa setso likepeng tse ngata tsa sejoale-joale. Sistimi ena ha e bontše limmapa tsa dijithale feela empa e boetse e kenyelletsa tlhahisoleseling e eketsehileng joalo ka data ea bathymetric, maemo a likepe tse ling, maemo a leholimo le lintlha tse ling tse amehang. ECDIS e nolofalletsa batsamaisi le batsamaisi ba likepe ho tsamaea ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng le o atlehang haholoanyane, e leng se fokotsang kotsi ea ho thulana le liphoso tsa ho tsamaea.
3. Radara
Radar ke sesebelisoa se sebelisetsoang ho lemoha lintho tse potolohileng ho sebelisoa maqhubu a seea-le-moea. Ha ho tsamaisoa likepe, radar e bohlokoa bakeng sa ho lemoha likepe tse ling, naha le lintho tse ling tse ka 'nang tsa se ke tsa bonahala mahlong a bona, haholo-holo maemong a leholimo a mabe kapa bosiu. Radar e boetse e sebelisoa ho lekola metsamao ea likepe tse ling, ho qoba ho thulana, le ho lemoha litšitiso litseleng tsa likepe.
4. AIS (Sistimi ea Boitsebiso e Iketsang)
AIS ke sistimi e iketsang e sebediswang ho fapanyetsana tlhahisoleseding pakeng tsa dikepe le diteishene tsa lebopong mabapi le boitsebahatso ba tsona, boemo ba tsona, lebelo la tsona, tsela eo di tsamayang ka yona, le tlhahisoleseding e nngwe. Sistimi ena e bohlokwa bakeng sa polokeho lewatleng hobane e thusa ho qoba ho thulana ka ho fana ka tlhahisoleseding e hlakileng mabapi le dikepe tse haufi. Ho feta moo, AIS e boetse e thusa balaodi ho latela le ho beha leihlo metsamao ya dikepe bakeng sa merero ya tshireletso le ho beha leihlo sephethephethe sa lewatle.
5. Sesupa-tsela sa Gyro
Li-gyrocompasses li sebelisoa likepeng tsa sejoale-joale ho fumana tataiso ka nepo ho feta li-compasses tsa makenete tsa setso. Li-compasses tsena li sebelisa ho potoloha ka potlako ha disc e hokahantsoeng le sistimi ea gyroscope ho boloka tataiso e tsitsitseng mabapi le motsamao oa sekepe le maemo a leoatle. Li-gyrocompasses li bohlokoa bakeng sa ho tsamaea ka nepo 'me li ka kopanngoa le litsamaiso tse ling tse kang li-autopilot le ECDIS ho thusa likepe ho lula tseleng.
6. Sefofane se iketsang
Autopilot ke sistimi ea taolo e iketsang e sebelisetsoang ho boloka sekepe tseleng e reriloeng esale pele ntle le tlhoko ea ho kenella ha motho khafetsa. Theknoloji ena e bohlokoa haholo bakeng sa maeto a maeto a malelele 'me e fokotsa mosebetsi oa mofofisi. Autopilot e hokahantsoe le litsamaiso tsa ho tsamaisa likepe tse kang GPS le ECDIS ho netefatsa ho tsamaea ka sekepe ka nepo le ka katleho.
7. Sonar
Sonar e emetse Sound Navigation and Ranging, e sebelisang maqhubu a molumo ho lemoha lintho tse ka tlas'a metsi. Ha ho tsamauoa ka sekepe, sonar e sebelisetsoa mesebetsi e fapaneng e kang ho lemoha botebo ba leoatle, ho qoba liqhomane kapa lintho tse ling tse ka tlas'a metsi, le ho thusa ho batla le ho pholosa. Ho na le mefuta e 'meli ea sonar e sebelisoang ka tloaelo: sonar e sebetsang, e ntšang maqhubu a molumo le ho amohela lipontšo tsa eona, le sonar e sa sebetseng, e lemohang feela melumo e seng e ntse e le teng tikolohong ea ka tlas'a metsi.
8. Radio ea VHF/DSC (Dijithale e Ikhethileng)
Radio ea VHF (Very High Frequency) ke mokhoa o ka sehloohong oa puisano leoatleng. Ka theknoloji ea DSC, radio ea VHF e ka fetisa melaetsa ea tšohanyetso e fanang ka tlhahisoleseling ka boiketsetso mabapi le boitsebiso ba sekepe le sebaka sa sona liteisheneng tsa lebopong kapa likepeng tse ling tse haufi. Radio ea VHF/DSC e bohlokoa bakeng sa puisano ea kamehla le maemong a tšohanyetso ho tlaleha mathata kapa ho kopa thuso.
9. Lisathelaete tsa puisano
Ntle le seea-le-moea sa VHF, puisano ea sathelaete le eona e ntse e ntlafatsoa ka ho eketsehileng 'me e nkoa e le karolo ea bohlokoa ea likepe tsa sejoale-joale. Mekhoa ea puisano ea sathelaete e lumella likepe ho lula li hokahane le naha, esita le libakeng tse hōle ka ho fetisisa tsa leoatle. Sena se fana ka melemo e meholo ho laoleng ts'ebetso ea likepe, ho fetisetsa data le ho netefatsa polokeho ea basebetsi.
10. Lisebelisoa tsa ho Tšehetsa
Sistimi ea ho hokela sekepe ke lisebelisoa tse sebelisetsoang ho tiisa sekepe ha se ntse se le koung kapa setsing se seng sa ho se emisa. E kenyelletsa liankora, li-winch, lithapo, le lisebelisoa tse ling tse fapaneng tse netefatsang hore sekepe se lula se tsitsitse 'me ha se tsamaee ka lebaka la maqhubu kapa maqhubu a metsi. Sistimi ena e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho netefatseng hore likepe li ka emisa sekepe ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng le o sebetsang hantle.
11. Sistimi ea Tlhokomelo ea Enjene
Mekhoa ea ho beha leihlo lienjene e bohlokoa haholo thomellong ea sejoale-joale ho netefatsa hore lienjene tsa likepe li sebetsa hantle. Mekhoa ena e kenyelletsa li-sensor tse fapaneng le software tse behang leihlo ts'ebetso ea enjene, tšebeliso ea mafura, khatello, mocheso le liparamente tse ling tsa bohlokoa. Lintlha tsena li thusa basebetsi ho boloka ts'ebetso ea enjene le ho tseba mathata a ka bang teng pele a e-ba mabe le ho feta.
12. Lisebelisoa tsa Polokeho le Pholoso
Lisebelisoa tsa polokeho le pholoso leoatleng li bohlokoa ho sireletsa basebetsi le bapalami maemong a tšohanyetso. Sena se kenyelletsa lisebelisoa tse kang lijakete tsa pholoso, likepe tsa pholoso, mabone a lipontšo, li-EPIRB (Emergency Position-Indicating Radio Beacons), le li-SART (Search and Rescue Transponders). Ho sebelisa lisebelisoa tsena ho latela maemo a machaba a polokeho ho bohlokoa ho fokotsa likotsi le ho eketsa menyetla ea pholoso.
Qetello
Tsoelo-pele ea theknoloji e tlisitse likepe tsa sejoale-joale boemong bo bocha, ka lisebelisoa tse fapaneng tse rarahaneng tse ntlafatsang polokeho, katleho le boiketlo. Karolo ea bohlokoa ea litsamaiso tsa ho tsamaea tsa GPS, ECDIS, radar, AIS, le lisebelisoa tse ling tse kang li-gyrocompasses, li-autopilot, sonar le puisano ea sathelaete e ke ke ea feteletsoa lefatšeng la kajeno la likepe.
Ha lisebelisoa tse sebelisoang likepeng li ntse li ntlafetse haholo, basebetsi ba likepe le basebetsi ba tsona ba tla ba le boikarabello bo boholo ba ho li utloisisa le ho li sebelisa hantle ho boloka polokeho le bokgabane leoatleng. Tikolohong ea leoatle e ntseng e fetoha, boqapi le koetliso e tsoelang pele ke tsa bohlokoa ho tobana le liphephetso le ho sebelisa menyetla hamolemo.
