Ho Tseba Likarolo tsa Sistimi ea Motlakase ea Koloi
Sistimi ea motlakase ea koloi e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ts'ebetsong e tsoelang pele ea koloi. Ho tloha ho qaleng enjene ho isa ho sebeliseng likarolo tse fapaneng tsa elektroniki, ntho e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe e itšetlehile ka ts'ebetso e nepahetseng ea sistimi ea motlakase. Ho utloisisa sistimi ena hamolemo, ha re hlahlobeng likarolo tsa mantlha tsa sistimi ea motlakase ea koloi.
1. Betri
Betri ea koloi, eo hangata e bitsoang accumulator, ke mohloli oa motlakase o ka sehloohong o fanang ka motlakase tsamaisong eohle ea motlakase ea koloi. Betri e tloaelehileng ea koloi ea bapalami e na le motlakase o tloaelehileng oa li-volts tse 12. Mosebetsi o ka sehloohong oa betri ke ho boloka matla a motlakase a hlahisoang ke alternator ha enjene e ntse e sebetsa le ho fana ka matla a motlakase ho enjene ea starter ha enjene e qalisoa.
Karolo ena e boetse e fana ka matla ho litsamaiso tsa elektroniki tsa koloi, tse kang mabone, molumo le litsamaiso tsa tšireletso, ha enjene e tima. Libetri tsa likoloi tsa sejoale-joale hangata ke libeteri tse metsi kapa tse omileng, tse hlokang tlhokomelo e nyane.
2. Alternator
Alternator ke karolo e ikarabellang bakeng sa ho fetola matla a mechini ho tloha enjeneng ho ba matla a motlakase. Ha enjene ea koloi e sebetsa, alternator e hlahisa motlakase, o sebelisetsoang ho tjhaja betri le ho fana ka matla lits'ebetsong tse fapaneng tsa motlakase ka koloing. Mosebetsi o mong oa bohlokoa oa alternator ke ho netefatsa maemo a matle a ho tjhaja betri, ho netefatsa ts'ebetso e boreleli ea koloi.
Alternator e na le sesebelisoa sa ho laola motlakase se thusang ho laola motlakase o tsoang ho eona ho lekana le litlhoko tsa motlakase tsa koloi. Haeba sesebelisoa sa ho laola motlakase le motlakase li sebetsa hantle, betri e tla lula e tjhajiloe hantle.
3. Enjene ea ho Qala
Mochini o qalang ke karolo ea motlakase e fetolang enjene, e e lumellang ho qala. Ha senotlolo sa ho hotetsa se retelehela boemong ba ho qala, motlakase o tsoang betring o phallela ho ea ho mochini o qalang, ebe o fetola lebili le fofang ebe o qala ts'ebetso ea ho chesa ka har'a enjene. Mochini o qalang o sebetsa ka nako e khuts'oane haholo, hangata metsotsoana e seng mekae, ho fihlela enjene e khona ho sebetsa ka bo eona.
Enjene e qalang e nang le phoso hangata e baka matšoao a kang hore enjene ha e qale leha betri e tjhajilwe ka botlalo. Maemong a mang, enjene e qalang e nang le phoso e ka etsa molumo oa ho tobetsa feela ha e butsoe ntle le ho phetla enjene.
4. Likhoele le Lihokelo
Likhoele le lihokelo li fetisetsa motlakase ho tloha mohloling oa motlakase ho ea likarolong tse fapaneng tsa motlakase ka koloing. Marang-rang ana a likhoele a bohlokoa bakeng sa ho netefatsa phepelo ea motlakase e tsitsitseng le e sireletsehileng likarolong tsohle tsa sistimi ea motlakase. Likhoele tse sebelisoang tsamaisong ea motlakase ea koloi hangata li entsoe ka koporo ea boleng bo holimo e nang le insulation e ntle ho thibela lipotoloho tse khutšoane.
Lihokelo, kapa li-terminal, li sebetsa e le lintlha tsa khokahano tse hokahanyang likarolo tse fapaneng tsa motlakase. Khokahano e ntle, e tiileng pakeng tsa li-terminal tsena e bohlokoa ho thibela tahlehelo ea motlakase kapa mathata a mang a motlakase.
5. Li-fuse le Li-Relay
Li-fuse li sireletsa sistimi ea motlakase tšenyong e bakoang ke motlakase o feteletseng. Ha ho hlaha phallo ea motlakase e ka senyang likarolo, fuse ea qhibiliha ebe e khaola phallo ea motlakase ho thibela tšenyo e 'ngoe. Koloi ka 'ngoe e na le mefuta e fapaneng ea li-fuse tse sireletsang litsamaiso le likarolo tse itseng tsa elektroniki.
Liswichi kapa li-relay li sebetsa ho laola le ho hokahanya phallo ea motlakase ka lipotoloho tse itseng ha ho hlokahala. Li-relay li ka laoloa ka motlakase o monyenyane ho kenya tšebetsong motlakase o phahameng lisebelisoa tse hlokang matla a mangata. Sena se fokotsa moroalo o boima oa li-swichi tsa letsoho, tse ka senyehang kapa tsa cha haeba li tlameha ho sebetsana le maqhubu a phahameng.
6. Sistimi ea Mabone
Sistimi ea mabone ea koloi e kenyelletsa mabone a pele, mabone a brake, matšoao a ho reteleha, mabone a moholi, le mabone a fapaneng a bonts'ang ka hare ho kabine. Lebone ka leng le na le mosebetsi oa bohlokoa le karolo ea bohlokoa ho sireletseng le boiketlong ba ho khanna. Mohlala, mabone a pele a thusa bakhanni ho bona tsela bosiu, ha matšoao a ho reteleha a bontša boikemisetso ba mokhanni ho basebelisi ba bang ba litsela.
Ntle le mabone ana a kantle, ho boetse ho na le mabone a kahare a kang mabone a sehlopha sa disebediswa, mabone a ho bala, le mabone a ka tlung a thusang basebedisi ba dikoloi maemong a tlase a kganya.
7. Mekhoa ea Molumo le Boithabiso
Mekhoa ea sejoale-joale ea molumo le boithabiso e na le lisebelisoa tse fapaneng tse kang li-radio, libapali tsa CD/DVD, li-touchscreen, esita le litsamaiso tsa ho tsamaisa. Lisebelisoa tsena kaofela li hloka phepelo e tsitsitseng ea motlakase hore li sebetse hantle. Hangata litsamaiso tsena li kopantsoe le yuniti ea hlooho, e sebetsang e le setsi sa taolo bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsohle tsa boithabiso tsa koloi.
Ho phaella moo, sistimi ena ea sejoale-joale e boetse e na le likarolo tse fapaneng tse kang ho tsamaea ka GPS, khokahano ea Bluetooth, le ho kopanngoa le li-smartphone tse nolofalletsang bakhanni le bapalami ho natefeloa ke leeto.
8. ECU (Yuniti ea Taolo ea Enjene)
ECU (Engine Control Unit) ke boko ba sistimi ea motlakase ea koloi. E laola mesebetsi e fapaneng ea enjene, joalo ka ho hotetsa, ho kenya mafura, le litsamaiso tsa sensor. Yuniti ena e fumana maikutlo ho tsoa ho li-sensor tse fapaneng ka koloing 'me e e sebetsana le eona ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea enjene tlas'a maemo a fapaneng a ho khanna.
ECU e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho bolokeng tšebeliso e ntle ea mafura le ho netefatsa hore mosi o tsoang likoloing o lula ka har'a meeli e lumelletsoeng. Ho feta moo, ECU e ka boloka likhoutu tsa liphoso tse ka baloang bakeng sa merero ea tlhahlobo haeba ho na le mathata afe kapa afe a sistimi ea enjene.
9. Li-sensor le Li-actuator
Disensara ke disebediswa tse lemohang diphetoho tsa mmele kapa tsa dikhemikhale tikolohong ya koloi mme di fetisetsa tlhahisoleseding eo ho ECU. Mohlala, sensara sa oksijene se lekanya dikahare tsa oksijene kgaseng ya mosi ho thusa ECU ho laola motswako o motle wa moya le mafura. Sensara sa mocheso se lekanya dithempereichara tsa enjene le tse phodisang ho thibela ho fetella le tshenyo ya enjene.
Li-actuator ke lisebelisoa tse amohelang litaelo ho tsoa ho ECU ho etsa liketso tse itseng, tse kang ho lokisa valve ea throttle, ho kenya tšebetsong li-injector tsa mafura, kapa ho bulela fene ea ho pholisa. Ts'ebetso e nepahetseng ea sensor le actuator ke ea bohlokoa ho netefatseng ts'ebetso e ntle le e arabelang ea enjene.
Ho koala
Ho utloisisa likarolo tsa sistimi ea motlakase ea koloi ho bohlokoa ho netefatsa hore koloi ea hau e lula e sebetsa hantle. Leha theknoloji ea koloi e ntse e tsoela pele, melao-motheo ea sistimi ea motlakase e lula e tšoana. Ka tlhokomelo e nepahetseng le kutloisiso e felletseng ea hore na likarolo tsena li sebetsa joang, u ka thibela mathata a ka bang teng 'me ua natefeloa ke ho khanna ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng le o phutholohileng haholoanyane.
