Mokhoa oa ho Theha Lisebelisoa tse Kopantsoeng ka Tšepe
Lisebelisoa tse kopantsoeng tsa tšepe, tseo hangata li bitsoang Metal Matrix Composites (MMC), ke lisebelisoa tse kopantsoeng tse nang le matrix ea tšepe e le karolo ea mantlha le matlafatso e le karolo ea bobeli. Matlafatso ena e ka ba likaroloana tsa ceramic, likhoele, litelu, kapa esita le meaho e itseng e nang le masoba. Sepheo se seholo sa ho etsa metsoako ea tšepe ke ho fumana motsoako oa thepa e phahametseng litšepe tse hloekileng kapa li-alloy tse tloaelehileng, tse kang matla a phahameng, ho hanyetsa ho tsofala hantle, botsitso bo boholo mochesong o phahameng, le karolelano e betere ea matla ho ea boima. Sengoloa sena se tšohla ts'ebetso ea ho theha metsoako ea tšepe, ho tloha mohopolong oa mantlha ho isa mekhahlelong le mekhoa ea tlhahiso.
1. Mehopolo ea Motheo ea Lisebelisoa tse Kopantsoeng tsa Tšepe
Metswakong ya tshepe, matrix ya tshepe e sebetsa e le "setshwantsho" se fetisang meroalo le ho sireletsa matlafatso tshenyong ya tikoloho. Ho sa le jwalo, matlafatso a ntlafatsa thepa e itseng, haholoholo matla, ho tiya le ho hanyetsa ho tsofala. Motswako ona o etsa hore di-MMC di sebediswe haholo diindastering tsa dikoloi, tsa difofane, tsa elektroniki tsa mocheso le tsa tshireletso.
Metswako e meng e tloaelehileng ho di-MMC e kenyelletsa aluminium e matlafaditsweng ka silicon carbide (Al-SiC), magnesium e nang le alumina (Mg-Al₂O₃), titanium e nang le faeba ya boron (Ti-B), le ditshipi tse itseng tse nang le matlafatso ya khabone ditshebedisong tse ikgethang. Kgetho ya matrix le matlafatso e bohlokwa bakeng sa mokgwa o nepahetseng wa ho bopa, kaha thepa ka nngwe e na le ho tsamaellana ho fapaneng, ntlha ya ho qhibiliha, tshebetso ya dikhemikhale, le dibopeho tsa ho kgona ho koloba.
2. Mehato e Akaretsang ea Sebopeho sa Tšepe e Kopantsoeng
Leha mekhoa e fapana, ho thehoa ha metsoako ea tšepe hangata ho latela tatellano ena e akaretsang ea ts'ebetso:
1. Khetho ea thepa ea matrix le ea matlafatso
E ipapisitse le thepa e reriloeng, tikoloho ea mosebetsi (e senyang, mocheso o phahameng), le meeli ea tlhahiso.
2. Ho lokisa amplifier
Matlafatso a ka hloekisoa, a omisoa, a koahetsoe, kapa a futhumatsoa esale pele ho ntlafatsa ho kolobisa le ho fokotsa tšilafalo.
3. Mekhahlelo ea ho kopanya le ho kopanya
Mokhahlelo oa ho matlafatsa o lokela ho ajoa ka ho lekana ka har'a matrix. Kabo e mpe e tla lebisa matheba le mapetsong a fokolang.
4. Ho kopanya le ho tiisa
Mokhahlelo ona o ikemiseditse ho fokotsa masoba, ho eketsa kgokelo ya difacial, le ho fihlella bongata bo boholo.
5. Ho bopa le ho phekola mocheso ka ho qetela
Metswako e ka phuthoa, ea qaptjoa, ea ntšoa, kapa ea sebetsoa ho fihlela libopeho tse itseng le litšobotsi tsa mechini.
6. Teko le tlhahlobo
E kenyeletsa liteko tsa ho tsikinyeha, liteko tsa ho thatafala, liteko tsa ho tsofala, hammoho le tlhahlobo ea liphoso tse kang masoba a letlalo, mapetso, kapa karohano ea matlafatso.
3. Mokhoa oa ho Etsa Tšepe e Kopantsoeng
Ka kakaretso, mekhoa ea tlhahiso ea MMC e ka aroloa ka lihlopha tse tharo tse kholo: mekhoa ea boemo ba mokelikeli, mekhoa ea boemo bo tiileng, le mekhoa ea ho boloka. E 'ngoe le e 'ngoe e na le melemo le liphephetso tsa eona.
A. Mokhoa oa Metsi (Ts'ebetso ea Boemo ba Metsi)
Mekhoa ea metsi e sebelisa tšepe boemong ba mokelikeli kapa halofo ea mokelikeli e le matrix. Molemo oa eona ke moruo oa eona o amanang le tlhahiso e kholo, empa liphephetso li ho kabo ea matlafatso le likarabelo tse ka bang teng tsa lik'hemik'hale mochesong o phahameng.
1. Ho Hlahisa ka ho Hlohlelletsa (Ho Hlahisa ka ho Hlohlelletsa)
Mokhoa ona o tumme haholo bakeng sa metsoako e entsoeng ka aluminium ka lebaka la bonolo ba eona le litšenyehelo tse tlase. Ts'ebetso ena e kenyelletsa:
– Tšepe ea matrix e qhibilihisoa ka sebōping.
– Matlafatso (mohlala, likaroloana tsa SiC kapa Al₂O₃) e kenngoa ka har'a ho qhibiliha.
– Ho qhibiliha ho hlohlelletsoa ka mechine ho hasanya matlafatso.
– Motswako o tšeloa ka har'a hlobo ebe oa pholisoa.
Mathata a maholo a ho qhibilihisa ke masoba, ho kopana ha dikarolwana, le ho kolobisa hanyane. Ho hlola mathata ana, ho sebediswa ho futhumatsa dikarolwana pele, dintho tse kolobisang (jwalo ka magnesium ditsamaisong tsa aluminium) le ho hlohlelletsa ka lebelo le dinako tse itseng.
2. Ho kenella ka hare
Mokhoa ona o sebedisa sebopeho se matlafatsang (mohlala, faeba kapa sebopeho se nang le masoba) seo ebe se kenngwa ka tshepe e qhibilihisitsweng. Ho kenella ho ka etswa ka matla a khoheli kapa kgatello.
– Ho kenella ha kgatello / Ho hatella ho kenella ha yona: tshepe e qhibilihisitsweng e qobellwa ho kena ka hara sebopeho sa pele ho sebediswa kgatello e phahameng.
Melemo ke hore ho na le masoba a fokolang le ho hokahana ho betere ha difacial. Mokhoa ona o loketse ho matlafatsa faeba le ditshebediso tse sebetsang hantle.
3. Ho lahla ka thata
Ho qhibilihisa ho kopanya ho qhibilihisa le ho qhibilihisa. Tšepe e qhibilihisitsoeng e tšeloa ka har'a foromo ebe e hatelloa ha e ntse e tiea. Ho MMC, ts'ebetso ena e thusa:
- E fokotsa masoba a letlalo ka lebaka la ho fokotseha ha letlalo,
– Eketsa bongata,
– E ntlafatsa kabo ea matlafatso ha e kopantsoe le ho stir casting kapa preforms.
B. Mokhoa o Tiileng (Ts'ebetso ea Boemo bo Tiileng)
Mekhoa ea boemo bo tiileng e sebetsana le thepa e ka tlase ho ntlha ea ho qhibiliha ha matrix. Melemo ea eona e meholo ke ho fokotseha ha liketso tsa lik'hemik'hale tse senyang sebopeho le taolo e betere ea sebopeho se senyenyane.
1. Tšepe ea Phofo (Tšepe ea Phofo)
Mokhoa ona o tloaelehile haholo bakeng sa li-MMC hobane o ka hlahisa kabo e matlafatso e batlang e tšoana. Mehato e kenyelletsa:
– Phofo ea tšepe ea matrix e kopantsoeng le phofo e matlafatsang.
– Motswako o petetswa ka kgatello e phahameng.
– Ho sila ho etsoa mochesong o ka tlase ho ntlha ea ho qhibiliha ho etsa maqhama pakeng tsa likaroloana.
– Boikhethelo: lits'ebetso tse ling tse kang ho hatella ka ho chesa, ho hatella ka ho chesa (HIP), kapa ho ntša metsi ho etsoa ho eketsa bongata.
Tšepe ea phofo e ipabola haholo bakeng sa metsoako e nang le likaroloana tse matlafatsoang haholo le boholo ba likaroloana tse nyane. Mathata a kenyelletsa litšenyehelo tsa phofo, oxidation e ka bang teng, le meeli ea boholo ba likarolo.
2. Ho Kopanya ho Hasana le ho Hatella ho Chesang
Metswakong ya faeba, ho kopanya ha diphaeba ho ka sebediswa ho kopanya dikarolo tsa tshepe le faeba tlasa kgatello le mocheso o itseng ka nako e telele, ho dumella diathomo ho hasanya le ho theha maqhama a matla. Ho hatella ka mocheso hangata ho sebediswa ho hlahisa di-laminate kapa di-composite tse nang le mealo, haholoholo ditshebedisong tsa mocheso o phahameng.
3. Ts'ebetso ea ho Fetola Polasetiki (Ho Rotha, ho Ntša, ho Bopa)
Hang ha motsoako o se o entsoe, phetoho ea polasetiki hangata e etsoa ho:
– E qhaqha lihlopha tsa likaroloana,
– Ho hokahanya likhoele,
- Fokotsa ho ba le masoba,
– Eketsa matla ka ho thatafatsa mosebetsi le ntlafatso ya sebopeho sa microstructure.
Mohlala, metsoako ea aluminium e matlafalitsoeng ke likaroloana e ka ntšoa ho eketsa bongata ba thepa le ho ntlafatsa litšobotsi tsa ho thaepa.
C. Mekhoa ea ho Tlosa (Mekhoa ea ho Tlosa)
Mekhoa ea ho tlosa lintho e sebelisoa hangata bakeng sa ho koahela metsoako kapa likarolo tse ikhethileng tse hlophisitsoeng.
1. Ho fafatsa ka Spray/Ho etsa Spray
Tšepe e qhibilihisitsoeng e fafatsoa ka marotholi a manyenyane ebe e lebisoa holim'a substrate, ka linako tse ling ka nako e le 'ngoe le ho entoa ha likaroloana tse matlafatsang. Marotholi a tiea kapele, a hlahisa sebopeho se setle sa micro. Molemo ke taolo e ntle ea sebopeho sa micro, empa lisebelisoa li rarahane haholoanyane.
2. Ho Tloswa ha Mouoane wa Sebele (PVD) le ho Tloswa ha Mouoane wa Sekhemikhale (CVD)
PVD/CVD e ka hlahisa masela a masesaane a kopantsoeng a nang le taolo e phahameng holim'a botenya le motsoako. Lisebelisoa li kenyelletsa lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki, lisebelisoa tsa ho seha, le masela a sa tsofaleng.
3. Tlhahiso ea Tlatsetso
Mahlale a kang Selective Laser Melting (SLM) kapa Directed Energy Deposition (DED) a qala ho sebelisoa ho etsa li-MMC tse nang le li-geometri tse rarahaneng. Matlafatso a ka kopanngoa le phofo kapa a kenngoa nakong ea ho kenngoa. Liphephetso li kenyelletsa kabo ea matlafatso, masoba, le likarabelo tsa interfacial ka lebaka la matla a phahameng a mocheso, empa monyetla oa likarolo tse bobebe, tse sebetsang hantle ke oa bohlokoa.
4. Lintlha tsa Bohlokoa ho Thehoeng ha Metswako ea Tšepe
Katleho ea ho thehoa ha metsoako ea tšepe e khethoa ke lintlha tse 'maloa tsa bohlokoa:
1. Kabo ea li-amplifier
Matlafatso a tlameha ho ajoa ka ho lekana ho netefatsa thepa e tsitsitseng ea mechini. Ho kopana ho baka khatello ea maikutlo le ho petsoha pele ho nako.
2. Ho kopanya sebopeho
Litlamo tse fokolang haholo li baka karohano, athe liketso tse feteletseng tsa lik'hemik'hale li ka theha mekhahlelo e tetebelang e fokotsang ho tiea.
3. Ho ba le masoba a manyane
Ho porosity ho fokotsa matla le ho hanyetsa mokhathala. Mekhoa e kang ho squeeze casting, HIP, kapa hot extrusion hangata e sebelisoa ho e fokotsa.
4. Ho kolobisa le ho sebetsana le lintho ka tsela e fapaneng
Ho tsamaellana ha matrix le matlafatso ho etsa qeto ea hore na tšepe e qhibilihisitsoeng e ka kolobisa matlafatso hantle. Ka linako tse ling ho hlokahala ho koahela likaroloana kapa ho eketsa likarolo tsa ho kopanya.
5. Taolo ea mocheso le nako ea ts'ebetso
Mocheso o phahameng haholo o ka potlakisa karabelo ya interfacial, athe mocheso o tlase haholo o ka baka ho kenella le ho kopana ho sa phethahalang.
5. Qetello
Ts'ebetso ea ho etsa thepa e kopaneng ho tsoa litšepeng ke tšimo e kopanyang melao-motheo ea metallurgy, saense ea thepa, le boenjiniere ba tlhahiso. Ho tloha mekhoeng ea metsi joalo ka ho stir casting le infiltrating, ho ea mekhoeng e tiileng joalo ka metallurgy ea phofo le ho kopanya ha diphatlalatso, ho ea mekhoeng ea sejoale-joale joalo ka ho kenya le ho etsa lintho tse ling, e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe e fana ka litharollo litlhokong tse fapaneng tsa ts'ebeliso. Liphephetso tse kholo hangata li holim'a kabo ea matlafatso, porosity, le boleng ba tlamo ea interfacial. Ka khetho e nepahetseng ea mokhoa le taolo e ntle ea ts'ebetso, metsoako ea tšepe e ka fana ka lintlafatso tse kholo tsa ts'ebetso bakeng sa liindasteri tse fapaneng, haholo-holo tse hlokang thepa e bobebe, e matla e ka mamellang maemo a feteletseng.
Haeba o lakatsa, nka fetola sengoloa sena ho latela moelelo o itseng (mohlala, metsoako ea aluminium bakeng sa likoloi, metsoako ea titanium bakeng sa lifofane, kapa ho tsepamisa maikutlo mokhoeng o le mong feela oa ts'ebetso) le ho eketsa lenane la libuka tsa mahlale.
