Karolo ea Tšepe Matla a Tsosolositsoeng
Phetoho ea tlelaemete le ho senyeha ha tikoloho ke tse peli tsa litaba tse bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa lekholong la bo21 la lilemo. Ka boiteko ba ho fokotsa litlamorao tse mpe tsa tšebeliso ea mafura a khale, mokhatlo oa lefats'e oa ho ea ho matla a nchafatsoang o ntse o hola. Mehloli ea matla a nchafatsoang joalo ka letsatsi, moea le biomass e fana ka mekhoa e meng e hloekileng le e tsitsitseng haholoanyane. Leha ho le joalo, karolo ea saense le theknoloji ho nolofatseng phetoho ena e ke ke ea hlokomolohuoa. Thuto e 'ngoe ea bohlokoa ke metallurgy, saense le theknoloji ea ts'ebetso ea tšepe.
Bongaka ba tšepe, bo kenyeletsang thuto e tebileng ea litšobotsi tsa 'mele le tsa lik'hemik'hale tsa litšepe le li-alloy, bo kentse letsoho haholo ntlafatsong ea mahlale a matla a nchafatsoang. Ka tlase, re tla hlalosa kamoo bongaka ba tšepe bo bapalang karolo ea bohlokoa kateng mafapheng a fapaneng a matla a nchafatsoang.
1. Matla a Letsatsi
Matla a letsatsi ke e 'ngoe ea mehloli ea matla a tsosolositsoeng e tšepisang ka ho fetisisa. Ntlafatsong ea liphanele tsa letsatsi, thepa e sebelisoang e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa. Silicon ke thepa ea mantlha e sebelisoang liseleng tsa letsatsi ka lebaka la katleho ea eona ea ho fetola leseli hore e be motlakase. Leha ho le joalo, ts'ebetso ea silicon e susumetsoa haholo ke bohloeki ba eona le sebopeho sa kristale.
> Karolo ea Tšepe ho Ntlafatso ea Silicon: Tšepe e lumella ntlafatso ea lits'ebetso tsa ho hloekisa silicon ho fihlela maemo a bohloeki bo phahameng haholo. Mahlale a kang a Czochralski le lits'ebetso tsa libaka tse phaphametseng, tse ntlafalitsoeng ka lipatlisiso tsa tšepe, a nolofalletsa tlhahiso ea silicon e nang le litšila tse fokolang, e eketsang haholo katleho ea liphanele tsa letsatsi.
Ho feta moo, bokgoni ba phanele ya letsatsi bo ka ntlafatswa ka ntshetsopele ya thepa e ntjha e kang perovskite, thepa e bontshang bokgoni bo boholo ba ho ntlafatsa bokgoni ba phetoho ya matla a letsatsi. Teko le tlhahiso ya Perovskite di itshetlehile ka mekgwa ya metallurgical ho utlwisisa thepa ya thepa le mokhoa wa ho ntlafatsa botsitso le ho tshwarella ha yona.
2. Matla a Moya
Liturbine tsa moea li itšetlehile ka lisebelisoa tsa mechini tse lokelang ho ba matla, tse tšoarellang, le tse khonang ho sebetsa libakeng tse thata. Litšepe tse kopantsoeng tse sebetsang hantle ke tsa bohlokoa ho fihlela litlhoko tsena.
> Karolo ea Tšepe Ntlafatsong ea Alloy: Indastering ea matla a moea, thepa e kang tšepe, li-alloy tsa nickel, le li-alloy tsa titanium li sebelisoa khafetsa mehahong le likarolong tsa turbine. Tšepe e bapala karolo ho ntlafatseng li-alloy tse nang le thepa e ntlafalitsoeng ea mechini joalo ka matla a ho tsitlella, ho hanyetsa mokhathala, le ho hanyetsa mafome. Mohlala, litšepe tsa alloy tse sebelisoang liturbineng tsa moea li tlameha ho khona ho mamella khatello e phahameng ea moea hammoho le litlamorao tsa mokhathala oa potoloho.
Ho tlotsa ka mokhoa o sebetsang hantle ho boetse ho bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho lelefatseng bophelo ba liturbine tsa moea. Lipatlisiso tse tebileng tsa tšepe mabapi le khohlano le ho tsofala ha tšepe li ka thusa ho theha li-lubricant tse betere le thepa e kopaneng e sa tsofaleng e ka lelefatsang bophelo ba likarolo tsa turbine, ea fokotsa litlhoko tsa tlhokomelo, le ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa ts'ebetso ka kakaretso.
3. Matla a Mocheso oa Lefatše
Matla a geothermal ke theknoloji e sebelisang mocheso oa lefatše ho hlahisa motlakase. E 'ngoe ea liphephetso tse kholo tsa ho sebelisa matla a geothermal ke maemo a feteletseng ao lisebelisoa le liphaephe li lokelang ho a mamella. Lithempereichara tse phahameng le likhatello, hammoho le boteng ba maro a senyang, li hloka thepa e tšoarellang ka mokhoa o ikhethang.
> Karolo ea Tšepe Khethong le Nts'etsopele ea Thepa: Litšepe tse kopantsoeng tse thehiloeng ho nikeli le litšepe tse hanyetsang li sebelisoa khafetsa lits'ebetsong tsa matla a geothermal ka lebaka la ho hanyetsa ha tsona ho ts'enyeho mochesong o phahameng le khatellong. Tšepe e nolofalletsa nts'etsopele le ntlafatso ea litšepe tsena e le hore li ka sebetsa hantle le ho feta tlas'a maemo a feteletseng a fumanoang mehloling ea geothermal.
4. Matla a Biomass
Ho tjheswa ha biomass ho hlahisa matla ka ho fetola dintho tse phelang hore e be motlakase kapa mocheso. Bakeng sa bokgoni bo phahameng le mesi e fokolang, thepa ya ho tjheswa le yuniti ya phetoho di tlameha ho hahuwa ka thepa e hanelang mocheso o phahameng le mafome.
> Karolo ea Tšepe Thepeng e Hanelang Mocheso le Mafome: Li-incinerator tsa biomass, mocheso oa ts'ebetso o ka ba holimo haholo 'me oa theha tikoloho e arabelang haholo. Ka lipatlisiso tsa tšepe, ho fumanoe li-alloy tse khethehileng tse kang li-alloy tse thehiloeng ho nickel le li-ceramic tse khethehileng tse ka mamellang maemo a mocheso o phahameng le libaka tse arabelang. Lisebelisoa tsena li thusa ho ntlafatsa katleho ea ts'ebetso ea phetoho ea matla le ho fokotsa mesi e kotsi.
5. Polokelo ea Matla
Mahlale a polokelo ea matla, joalo ka libeteri le mafura a haeterojene, ke lintho tsa bohlokoa lits'ebetsong tsa matla a nchafatsoang ho netefatsa botsitso le ts'epo ea phepelo ea matla.
> Karolo ea Tšepe Ntlafatsong ea Thepa ea Betri: Ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea betri, haholo-holo Lithium-ion, ho itšetlehile haholo ka thepa ea electrode e sebelisoang. Thepa ea electrode e kang cobalt, nickel, le manganese ke tse ling tsa tse itšetlehileng haholo ka theknoloji ea metallurgical ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea tsona. Ka ho utloisisa liketso tsa lik'hemik'hale le litšobotsi tsa mechini tsa thepa ena, litsebi tsa metallurgist li ka hlahisa li-electrode tse nang le bokhoni bo phahameng ba ho boloka matla, bophelo ba potoloho e telele, le linako tse khutšoane tsa ho tjhaja.
Ho feta moo, theknoloji ea haedrojene e kenyeletsang li-electrode tsa tšepe bakeng sa electrolysis ea metsi le eona e rua molemo haholo lipatlisisong tsa tšepe. Mohlala, ho fumana motsoako o motle oa alloy bakeng sa li-electrocatalyst ho ka ntlafatsa katleho ea ts'ebetso ea electrolysis, ho etsa hore polokelo le tšebeliso ea haedrojene e le mohloli oa matla e be e sebetsang haholoanyane le e theko e tlaase.
Qetello
Mehleng ena ea phetoho ea matla, ho sebelisa tšepe ho phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ho khanneng nts'etsopele le ho kenngoa tšebetsong ha mahlale a matla a nchafatsoang. Ho tloha ho liphanele tsa letsatsi ho ea ho libeteri tsa lithium-ion, katleho ea mahlale ana e itšetlehile haholo ka tsoelo-pele ea thepa e ntlafalitsoeng ka saense le theknoloji ea tšepe.
Karolo ea boqapi ba tšepe e fetela ka nģ'ane ho nts'etsopele ea thepa e ncha ho ea ho ntlafatsong ea bokhoni, ho tšoarella le ts'ebetso ea thepa e seng e ntse e le teng. Ka kutloisiso e tebileng ea thepa ea thepa le mekhoa ea ts'ebetso, boqapi ba tšepe bo ntse bo tsoela pele ho bula tsela bakeng sa litsamaiso tsa eneji e nchafatsoang tse sebetsang hantle le tse tsitsitseng. Ka hona, boqapi ba tšepe ke tšiea ea bohlokoa boitekong ba lefats'e ba ho fihlela lipheo tsa botsitso le ho sebetsana le liphephetso tsa matla tsa nakong e tlang.
