Bohlokoa ba Litšoantšo tsa Mekhahlelo ho Metallurgy
Ditshwantsho tsa mekhahlelo ke disebediswa tsa bohlokwa tsa ditshwantsho saenseng ya thepa, haholoholo ho tsa metallurgy. Di fana ka temohisiso e tebileng mabapi le tekatekano ya mekhahlelo ho pholletsa le maemo a fapaneng a mocheso le sebopeho. Ka ho utlwisisa ditshwantsho tsa mekhahlelo, ditsebi tsa metallurg di ka rala le ho laola ditshebetso tsa tlhahiso ho fihlella dibopeho tse lakatsehang tsa thepa. Sengoloa sena se tla hlalosa bohlokwa ba ditshwantsho tsa mekhahlelo ho tsa metallurgy, ho hlahloba melaomotheo ya tsona ya motheo, mefuta ya ditshwantsho tsa mekhahlelo, le ditshebediso tsa tsona ntshetsopeleng le tshebetsong ya thepa.
Melao-motheo ea Motheo ea Litšoantšo tsa Mokhahlelo
Ditshwantsho tsa mekhahlelo di atisa ho sebediswa ho bontsha kamano pakeng tsa mocheso, kgatello le sebopeho sa dikhemikhale tsa sistimi ya thepa. Moelelong wa metallurgy, ditshwantsho tsa mekhahlelo hangata di sebediswa bakeng sa ditsamaiso tsa binary, moo dikarolo tse pedi kapa dikarolo di kopantsweng. Dikgopolo tse ding tsa bohlokwa ditshwantshong tsa mekhahlelo di kenyeletsa:
1. Mokhahlelo: Karolo e ts'oanang ea sistimi e nang le sebopeho sa 'mele se ts'oanang le sebopeho sa lik'hemik'hale.
2. Mola wa Tekano (mola wa ho tlama): Mola o otlolohileng o bontshang tekano pakeng tsa mekhahlelo e mmedi mochesong o itseng.
3. Ntlha ea Eutectic: Ntlha e setšoantšong e bontšang mocheso le motsoako oo motsoako oa metsi o tla theha mekhahlelo e 'meli e tiileng ka nako e le' ngoe.
4. Karabelo ea Eutectic: Karabelo eo mokelikeli o etsang kristale ka mekhahlelo e 'meli e tiileng ha e pholile kapa ka tsela e fapaneng ha e futhumatsoa.
5. Mola wa Solidus: Mola o hodima setshwantsho sa mohato o arolang dintho tse tiileng ho motswako o tiileng + wa metsi.
6. Mola wa Mokelikeli: Mola o setshwantshong o arolang mokelikeli ho mokelikeli + motswako o tiileng.
Mefuta ea Litšoantšo tsa Mokhahlelo
1. Setšoantšo sa Mokhahlelo oa Binary
Ditshwantsho tsa mohato wa binary di bua ka dikarolo tse pedi tsamaisong. Di atile haholo mme di fana ka temohisiso e tebileng mabapi le kamoo dielemente tse pedi di sebelisanang kateng dithempereichareng le metswakong e fapaneng. Mohlala wa kgale ke setshwantsho sa mohato wa binary wa tshepe-khabone, e leng sa bohlokwa thutong ya tshepe le tshepe e entsweng ka foreshe.
2. Setšoantšo sa Mokhahlelo oa Ternary
Mekhoa ea likarolo tse tharo kapa ea ternary e rarahane haholo 'me hangata e bontšoa ka litekanyo tse tharo kapa ho sebelisoa liponelopele tsa khutlotharo. Li-diagram tsena li na le thuso litsamaisong tsa alloy tse kenyeletsang likarolo tse tharo tse fapaneng.
3. Litšoantšo tsa Mokhahlelo oa Isobaric le Isothermic
Ditshwantsho tsa mohato wa Isobaric di bontsha diphetoho tsa mohato ka kgatello e sa fetoheng. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, ditshwantsho tsa isothermal hangata di sebediswa ho bontsha diphetoho tsa sebopeho mochesong o sa fetoheng, ho thusa ho utlwisisa phello ya sebopeho hodima thepa ya thepa.
4. Setšoantšo sa Mokhahlelo oa Pseudobiline
Setšoantšo sa pseudobinary se bontša sistimi e kenyeletsang likarolo tse fetang tse peli, empa e shebane ka tsela eo e hlahang e le sistimi ea binary e nang le karolo e "sebetsang hantle". Mokhoa ona o atisa ho sebelisoa ho nolofatsa tlhahlobo ea litsamaiso tsa likarolo tse ngata.
Litšebeliso tsa Mekhahlelo ea Mekhahlelo ho Metallurgy
1. Ntlafatso ea Li-alloy tse Ncha
Ntlafatsong ea li-alloy tse ncha, litšoantšo tsa mekhahlelo ke lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa ho fumana sebopeho se setle sa thepa bakeng sa thepa e itseng joalo ka matla, ho hanyetsa mafome le ho thatafala. Mohlala, litšoantšo tsa mekhahlelo li ka thusa ho fumana sebopeho sa motsoako oa aluminium-magnesium o fanang ka motsoako oa matla a phahameng le boima bo bobebe.
2. Moralo oa Ts'ebetso ea Phekolo ea Mocheso
Kalafo ea mocheso ke ts'ebetso ea bohlokoa ts'ebetsong ea tšepe e kenyeletsang ho pholisa le ho futhumatsa thepa ho fetola litšobotsi tsa eona tsa mechini. Li-graph tsa mekhahlelo li fana ka tataiso e hlakileng ea mocheso le sekhahla sa ho pholisa se hlokahalang ho fihlela meaho e itseng ea micro, joalo ka martensite ka tšepe.
3. Taolo ea Ts'ebetso ea Tlhahiso
Mekhoa ea tlhahiso e kang ho lahla le ho tjheseletsa, litšoantšo tsa mekhahlelo li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho netefatseng hore thepa e fihlella sebopeho le thepa ea eona e lakatsehang. Mohlala, ho tjheseletsa, ho bohlokoa ho tseba mocheso oo thepa e fetohang metsi le ho tiea hape ho qoba liphoso tse kang mapetso.
4. Ts'ebetso ea Lerōle la Tšepe le Tšepe
Tabeng ea ho sebetsana le lerōle la tšepe kapa metsoako ea tšepe, litšoantšo tsa mekhahlelo li nolofalletsa baenjiniere ho utloisisa likamano lipakeng tsa likarolo tse fapaneng, tse thusang ho etsa liqeto mabapi le mocheso o motle oa ts'ebetso le metsoako ea thepa ho hlahisa thepa e lakatsehang.
5. Tlhahlobo ea ho Hlōleha ha Lintho
Tlhahlobo ea ho hloleha ha thepa ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea ho netefatsa botšepehi le polokeho ea meaho kapa likarolo tsa tšepe. Li-diagram tsa mekhahlelo li lumella ho tsebahatsa mekhahlelo e ka bakang ho petsoha kapa ho hloleha ha thepa tlas'a maemo a itseng a ts'ebetso, joalo ka mocheso o phahameng kapa libaka tse senyang.
Thuto ea Nyeoe: Setšoantšo sa Mokhahlelo oa Tšepe le Khabone
Jwalo ka mohlala wa tshebediso ya ditshwantsho tsa mohato, a re nahaneng ka setshwantsho sa mohato wa tshepe le khabone, e leng motheo wa tshepe ya tshepe. Setšoantšo sena se bontsha kamano pakeng tsa mocheso, sebopeho sa khabone, le mekhahlelo e teng ka hara tshepe le tshepe.
Setšoantšong sa tšepe le khabone, ho na le mekhahlelo e 'maloa ea bohlokoa: ferrite, austenite, cementite, le pearlite. Ka ho utloisisa hore na mekhahlelo ena e thehoa joang mochesong le metsoakong e fapaneng, baenjiniere ba ka laola mekhoa ea ho futhumatsa ho hlahisa litšobotsi tse lakatsehang tsa tšepe. Mohlala, ho thehoa ha martensite ka ho tima ke tsela ea ho eketsa thatafalo ea tšepe.
Mokhoa oa Phetoho ea Mokhahlelo
Mekhoa ea phetoho ea mekhahlelo ka tšepe, joalo ka ho tloha ho austenite ho ea ho pearlite kapa bainite, e susumetsoa haholo ke sekhahla sa ho pholisa le sebopeho sa khabone. Li-diagram tsa Phetoho ea Mocheso oa Nako (TTT) le Phetoho e Tsoelang Pele ea Pholiso (CCT) hangata li sebelisoa hammoho le li-diagram tsa mekhahlelo ho utloisisa hamolemo mekhoa ena ea phetoho ea mekhahlelo le ho ntlafatsa kalafo ea mocheso.
Qetello
Ditshwantsho tsa mekhahlelo ke sesebediswa sa bohlokwa ho tsa tshepe, se thusang baenjiniere le bo-rasaense ho utlwisisa dikamano tse rarahaneng pakeng tsa mocheso, sebopeho le mohato wa thepa. Ba sebedisa ditshwantsho tsa mekhahlelo, ba ka rala di-alloy tse ntjha, ba laola ditshebetso tsa tlhahiso, ba ntlafatsa kalafo ya mocheso, le ho sekaseka ho hloleha ha thepa.
Kutloisiso e batsi ea litšoantšo tsa mekhahlelo ha e thuse feela ho theheng thepa e nang le thepa e lakatsehang empa hape e lumella ho boloka litšenyehelo le nako ts'ebetsong ea tlhahiso. Ka hona, ho tseba litšoantšo tsa mekhahlelo ke bokhoni ba bohlokoa bakeng sa ba sebetsang lefapheng la tšepe le saense ea thepa.
