Tšepe Indastering ea Matla a Nchafalitsoeng
Lilemong tse mashome tsa morao tjena, tlhokomelo ea lefats'e ka bophara mathateng a matla le tikoloho e bakile tsoelo-pele e potlakileng theknolojing ea matla a nchafatsoang. Matla a letsatsi, moea, bioenergy le geothermal e se e le lintlha tsa bohlokoa boitekong ba ho fokotsa ho itšetleha ka mafura a khale. Ka mor'a lintho tsena tse ncha ho na le saense ea bohlokoa: tšepe.
Metallurgy ke saense le boenjiniere bo ithutang thepa ea 'mele le ea lik'hemik'hale ea litšepe, ho kenyeletsoa le ho ntšoa ha tsona, ho hloekisoa le ho fetoloa ho hlahisa thepa e ncha e nang le thepa e lakatsehang. Moelelong oa matla a tsosolositsoeng, metallurgy e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa nts'etsopele ea thepa e sebetsang hantle, e tšoarellang, le e theko e tlaase ho tšehetsa tlhahiso ea matla a hloekileng.
Lisebelisoa tse ka har'a Liphanele tsa Letsatsi
Liphanele tsa letsatsi (photovoltaics) ke e 'ngoe ea lits'ebetso tse tloaelehileng le tse atileng haholo tsa matla a nchafatsoang. Bokhoni ba liphanele tsa letsatsi bo itšetlehile haholo ka thepa ea semiconductor e sebelisoang. E tloaelehileng haholo ke silicon, empa thepa e meng, joalo ka cadmium telluride (CdTe) le copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS), le tsona li fana ka bokhoni bo phahameng ba matla.
Bokgoni ba ho hlwekisa silicon bo bapala karolo ho hlwekiseng silicon ho netefatsa boleng bo hodimo le bohlweki bo hlokahalang bakeng sa katleho e ntle. Silicon e tala e ntshwa lehlabatheng la silika ka tshebetso e rarahaneng ya metallurgical, e kenyeletsang phokotso ka carbon mochesong o phahameng ho hlahisa silicon e tala, e ntan'o hlwekiswa ka ho hlwekisa sebaka kapa mekgwa e meng ya ho hlwekisa.
Ntle le silicon, lipatlisiso tsa metallurgical li boetse li ntse li hlahisa thepa e 'ngoe e kang perovskite, e ntseng e tuma. Leha e ntse e le mohatong oa lipatlisiso, thepa ena e bontšitse lintlafatso tse kholo tsa katleho ha li bapisoa le silicon e tloaelehileng, ka monyetla oa litšenyehelo tse tlase tsa tlhahiso.
Li-turbine tsa Moea le Tšepe
Matla a moea ke mofuta o mong oa matla a tsosolositsoeng o ntseng o le bohlokoa haholo phetohong ea matla a matala. Li-turbine tsa moea tsa sejoale-joale li sebelisa mefuta e fapaneng ea litšepe ho netefatsa ts'ebetso e ntle le ho tšoarella nako e telele. Likarolo tse kang mahare, li-shaft le lijenereithara li hloka thepa e nang le thepa e itseng ea mechini, joalo ka matla a phahameng, ho hanyetsa mafome le ho hanyetsa mokhathala.
Hangata li-propeller li etsoa ka thepa e kopantsoeng e matlafalitsoeng ke khabone kapa khalase ho leka-lekanya matla le boima. Leha ho le joalo, likarolo tse kang shaft le makenete a sa feleng lijenereithareng li hloka litšepe tse kang tšepe e sa hloekang le li-alloy tsa neodymium-iron-boron (NdFeB).
Bokgoni ba ho sebedisa tshepe bo dumella ntlafatso ya ditshila tsena tsa tshepe ho eketsa ho hanyetsa ditikoloho tse feteletseng le ho senyeha ha mechini. Theknoloji ya tshepe e boetse e bapala karolo ya ho ntjhafatsa ditshila tse sa tlwaelehang tsa lefatshe ho tswa ho diturbine tsa moya tse seng di tlohetse mosebetsi, e tshehetsa melaomotheo ya botsitso indastering ya eneji e ntjhafatswang.
Matla a tsoang ho Biomass
Biomass ke mohloli oa matla a nchafatsoang a tsoang linthong tsa baeloji tse kang patsi, limela le litšila tsa tlhaho. Tšepe e bapala karolo moralong le kahong ea li-reactor tsa ho chesa tsa biomass le litsamaiso tse ling tsa ts'ebetso. Litšepe tse sebelisoang li-reactor tsena li tlameha ho mamella mocheso o phahameng le maemo a phahameng a ts'enyeho le ho taboha ha lik'hemik'hale tse bakoang ke mafura a biomass.
Lisebelisoa tse kang li-alloy tsa INCONEL le Hastelloy, tse hanelang oxidation le mafome mochesong o phahameng, hangata li sebelisoa ho aha li-reactor tsa ho chesa biomass. Mekhoa ea ho koahela bokaholimo e boetse e sebelisoa ho ntlafatsa khanyetso ea thepa maemong a thata a ts'ebetso.
Tšepe ho Matla a Geothermal
Matla a geothermal ke matla a hlahisoang ke mocheso o bolokiloeng ka har'a lekoko la Lefatše. Theknoloji ena e hloka ho cheka botebong bo boholo ho fihlela mohloli oa mocheso, hangata maemong a senyang haholo le a hohlang. Ka hona, thepa e sebelisoang e tlameha ho ba e hanelang maemo ana ka mokhoa o ikhethang.
Litšepe tse kopantsoeng tse thehiloeng ho nikeli le litšepe tse sa hloekang ke likhetho tse tloaelehileng bakeng sa liphaephe tsa mocheso le lisebelisoa tsa ho cheka. Tšepe e bile le thuso ho ntlafatseng litšepe tsena ho ntlafatsa ho hanyetsa mafome le ho fana ka matla a mechini a hlokahalang bakeng sa ts'ebetso e sireletsehileng le e sebetsang hantle libakeng tse feteletseng.
Ntlafatso e Tsoetseng Pele ea Lintho tse Ncha
Tšepe e ntse e tsoela pele ho kenya letsoho ho ntlafatseng thepa e tsoetseng pele e ka thusang ho ntlafatsa bokgoni le bophelo bo bolelele ba litsamaiso tsa matla a tsosolositsoeng. Mohlala, nts'etsopele ea thepa e tsamaisang matla a maholo e ka fokotsa tahlehelo ea matla phetisong ea motlakase, ha nanotechnology e ka hlahisa thepa e nang le thepa e ncha e ke keng ea fihlelloa ka mekhoa e tloaelehileng.
Li-superalloy, li-alloy tsa tšepe tse hanyetsanang haholo le mocheso o feteletseng, mafome le oxidation, le tsona li qala ho sebelisoa likarolong tse fapaneng tsa theknoloji ea matla a nchafatsoang. Li-superalloy tse thehiloeng ho nickel le cobalt, mohlala, li na le bokhoni bo boholo ba ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso le ts'epo ea li-turbine tsa khase le lifeme tsa motlakase.
Qetello
Tšepe e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa nts'etsopele le ntlafatsong ea mahlale a matla a nchafatsoang. Ho tloha ho hloekiseng silicon bakeng sa liphanele tsa letsatsi, ho nts'etsapele li-alloy tsa tšepe bakeng sa li-turbine tsa moea, ho rala li-reactor tsa biomass, esita le ho fetola thepa ho latela maemo a feteletseng litsi tsa motlakase tsa geothermal, monehelo oa saense ena o ke ke oa hlokomolohuoa.
Ka tsoelo-pele e tsoelang pele ea lipatlisiso le boqapi lefapheng la tšepe, bokamoso ba matla a nchafatsoang bo bonahala bo khanya haholoanyane. Litšepe le metsoako e mecha, e sebetsang hantle haholoanyane, e tšoarellang, le e theko e tlaase li tla tsoela pele ho hlaha, e leng se fanang ka lejoe la pele ho nts'etsopele ea mahlale a matla a tsitsitseng le a sireletsang tikoloho haholoanyane.
Boitekong ba lefats'e ba ho fetohela ho eneji e hlwekileng, monehelo oa lefapha la tšepe ke motheo oa bohlokoahali, o sutumelletsang meeli ea theknoloji le ho bula tsela bakeng sa mehla e mecha ea tlhahiso le tšebeliso ea eneji.
