Leano la Bokgoni ho Lienjene tsa Turbine
Bokgoni bo botle ke senotlolo sa ts'ebetso ea lienjene tsa turbine, ebang ke li-turbine tsa mouoane, li-turbine tsa khase, kapa li-turbine tsa hydro. Li-turbine tse sebetsang hantle ha li hlahise matla a mangata feela ho tsoa mohloling o le mong oa matla empa hape li fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa ts'ebetso, li fokotsa tšebeliso ea mafura, li eketsa bophelo ba lisebelisoa, le ho fokotsa mesi e kotsi. Moelelong oa indasteri ea tlhahiso ea motlakase le lits'ebetso tsa tlhahiso, ho eketsa bokhoni ba turbine ho ka ba le tšusumetso e kholo moruong. Sengoloa sena se tšohla maano a bokgoni bakeng sa lienjene tsa turbine ho latela maikutlo a moralo, ts'ebetso, tlhokomelo le ntlafatso ea sistimi ea ts'ehetso.
1. Ho Utloisisa Mehloli ea Tahlehelo ho Li-Turbine
Pele o kenya tshebetsong maano a bokgoni, ho bohlokwa ho utlwisisa moo tahlehelo ya eneji e tswang teng. Diturbineng, tahlehelo hangata e hlaha ka lebaka la:
1. Tahlehelo ea Aerodynamic/mokelikeli: khohlano ea phallo, moferefere, karohano ea phallo, le ho lutla pakeng tsa likheo (ho peperana).
2. Tahlehelo ea mechine: khohlano ea li-bearing, tahlehelo ea li-gearbox, le ho se leka-lekane ha rotor.
3. Tahlehelo ea mocheso: tahlehelo ea mocheso tikolohong, phokotso ea boleng ba ho thibela mocheso, kapa ho se phethahale ha ts'ebetso ea katoloso.
4. Tahlehelo e bakoang ke maemo a sa lokelang a ts'ebetso: turbine e sebetsang hole le ntlha ea moralo (ntle le moralo), mojaro o sa fellang, kapa liphetoho maemong a mokelikeli o sebetsang.
5. Tšenyo le litšila: ho lahla, sekala, khoholeho ea mobu, mafome, kapa ho senyeha ha lehare ho fokotsang ts'ebetso.
Ka ho rala tahlehelo ena, maano a bokgoni a ka lebiswa dikarolong tse nang le tshusumetso e kgolo.
2. Ntlafatso ea Moralo le Khetho ea Turbine
Bokgoni bo phahameng bo qala ka ho kgetha mofuta wa turbine le moralo wa yona. Bakeng sa diturbine tsa khase, mohlala, moralo wa compressor le turbine o tlameha ho leka-lekana ho netefatsa karolelano e ntle ya kgatello, mocheso wa ho kena ha turbine (TIT), le tshebetso ya sistimi ya ho phodisa lehare. Diturbineng tsa mouoane, kgetho ya maemo a kgatello (kgatello e phahameng, kgatello e mahareng, kgatello e tlase) le boleng ba mouoane di bohlokwa haholo.
Maano a mang a tloaelehileng a moralo a kenyelletsa:
– Boemo bo eketsehileng ba lehare la aerodynamic: bo fokotsa ho tsikinyeha le karohano ea phallo.
– Thepa le dikobo tse tswetseng pele: eketsa ho hanyetsa mocheso o phahameng (di-turbine tsa khase) kapa kgoholeho ya mobu (di-turbine tsa mouoane/metsi).
– Ho fokotseha ha ntlha: Ho fokotseha ha ntlha ea lehare ho eketsa ho dutla ha phallo, ho fokotsa bokhoni. Theknoloji ea ho koala le taolo ea katoloso ea mocheso li thusa ho boloka sebaka se loketseng.
– Moralo o nepahetseng oa mekhahlelo e mengata: karohano e sebetsang hantle ea mekhahlelo ea katoloso e eketsa tšebeliso ea matla a mokelikeli.
Mothating ona, phapanyetsano pakeng tsa litšenyehelo tsa matsete le katleho e tlameha ho baloa ho sebelisoa tlhahlobo e felletseng ea moruo, ho kenyeletsoa le litšenyehelo tsa potoloho ea bophelo.
3. Ho Boloka Maemo a Mokelikeli o Sebetsang
Bokgoni ba turbine bo ela hloko haholo boleng le boemo ba mokelikeli o sebetsang:
a) Turbine ea Mouoane
– Boleng ba mouoane (karolo e chesang haholo le e omileng) bo lokela ho bolokoa. Mouoane o metsi o ka baka khoholeho ea lehare, oa fokotsa bokhoni le ho eketsa kotsi ea tšenyo.
– Khatello ea boiler le taolo ea mocheso li netefatsa hore mouoane o kena ka har'a turbine joalo ka ha ho entsoe.
– Tlhokomelo ea sistimi ea condenser e bohlokoa; vacuum e mpe ea condenser e tla fokotsa haholo katleho ea potoloho.
b) Turbine ea Khase
– Boleng ba moea o kenang bo bohlokoa. Li-filter tse fokolang li baka litšila mahareng a compressor le turbine.
– Ho phodisa moya o kenang ka hare ho ka eketsa bongata ba moya e le hore matla le bokgoni di eketsehe, haholo-holo maemong a lehodimo a chesang.
– Ho laola karolelano ea moea le mafura ho thibela ho tuka ho sa fellang ho fokotsang katleho le ho eketsa mesi e kotsi.
c) Turbine ea Metsi
– Maemo a ho ntsha metsi le hlooho a lokela ho beoa ho latela ntlha e ntle ka ho fetisisa ea ts'ebetso.
– Taolo ea mashala e bohlokoa ho fokotsa khoholeho ea mobu holim'a li-runers le li-guide vanes.
4. Ts'ebetso Sebakeng se Hloahloa le Taolo ea Mojaro
Hangata li-turbine li etselitsoe ho sebetsa ka katleho tlas'a maemo a itseng. Ha mojaro o le tlase haholo kapa o le holimo haholo, katleho ea theoha. Ka hona, maano a ts'ebetso a kenyelletsa:
– Taolo ea mojaro: e laola kabo ea meroalo lipakeng tsa liyuniti e le hore turbine ka 'ngoe e sebetse haufi le ntlha e nepahetseng.
– Tšebeliso ea taolo e bohlale: litsamaiso tsa taolo tse thehiloeng mohlaleng oa sejoale-joale (taolo ea mohlala ea ho bolela esale pele) kapa ntlafatso ea nako ea sebele li thusa ho boloka liparamente tsa ts'ebetso.
– Fokotsa ho qala-ho emisa: Potoloho ea ho qala-ho emisa e eketsa tšebeliso ea matla le ho potlakisa ho senyeha ha likarolo. Moo ho khonehang, ts'ebetso ea boemo bo tsitsitseng e khethoa.
– Liphetoho tsa valve le nozzle: Li-turbine tsa mouoane, ho phunya ho feteletseng ho ka baka tahlehelo. Mekhoa e kang ho kenngoa ha arc ka karolo kapa ho lokisa sethala e ka thusa.
Litsing tsa motlakase, maano a ho tsamaisa motlakase a nahanang ka bokgoni ba mocheso (sekgahla sa mocheso) a ka ntlafatsa bokgoni ba tsamaiso ka kakaretso.
5. Lenaneo la Tlhokomelo le Thehiloeng Maemong
Bokgoni ba turbine bo susumetsoa haholo ke boemo ba dikarolo. Mananeo a tlhokomelo a itshetlehileng feela ka kemiso ya nako le nako hangata a lemoha mathata morao haholo. Tlhokomelo e itshetlehileng maemong e fana ka mokgwa o sebetsang haholoanyane, mohlala:
– Tlhokomelo ea ho thothomela: e lemoha ho se tsitse hantle, ho se leka-lekane, kapa mathata a ho jara.
– Tlhahlobo ea oli e tlotsang: e khetholla tšilafalo, ho tsofala le ho senyeha ha eona.
– Tekolo ea Thermografi le mocheso: e lemoha libaka tse chesang le mathata a ho pholisa.
– Tlhokomelo ea ts'ebetso: ho bapisa ts'ebetso ea 'nete le ea motheo ho lemoha phokotso ea ts'ebetso ka lebaka la litšila kapa ho lutla.
Tlhokomelo e thehiloeng maemong e lumella liketso tsa tokiso ho nkuoa pele ho fokotseha ha ts'ebetso ho ba bohlokoa le pele ho hlaha liphoso tse turang.
6. Ho Hloekisa le ho Fokotsa Tshilafatso
Ho silafatsa ke sera se seholo sa bokgoni, haholo-holo diturbineng tsa khase, moo di-compressor di sekametseng ho silafatswa ke lerōle, oli kapa dikarolwana tse nyane. Maano a tlwaelehileng a kenyeletsa:
– Ho hlatsoa ka inthanete: ho hlwekisa ha yuniti e ntse e sebetsa, ho fokotsa ho silafatsa ha leseli.
– Ho hlatsoa ntle le inthanete: ho hloekisa ka matla haholo nakong ea ho koaloa, ho khutlisetsa ts'ebetso boemong ba eona ba pele.
– Ntlafatso ea sistimi ea ho sefa: tšebeliso ea li-filter tsa mekhahlelo e mengata le tlhokomelo ea kamehla ea li-filter.
– Taolo ea boleng ba mafura: e thibela ho putlama ha mafura ka lebaka la litšila.
Li-turbine tsa mouoane, ho kenngoa ha metsi mahareng ho ka etsahala ka lebaka la ho jara boiler kapa boleng bo bobe ba metsi. Ka hona, kalafo ea metsi ke leano la bohlokoa la ts'ebetso e ntle.
7. Bokgoni bo Eketsehileng ka ho Kopanya Potoloho le Mekhoa e Thusang
Hangata, bokgoni ba turbine bo ke ke ba arolwa le bokgoni ba sistimi ka kakaretso. Mekhoa e meng e ipakileng e sebetsa e kenyeletsa:
– Potoloho e kopaneng bakeng sa diturbine tsa khase: e sebedisa mocheso wa mosi wa diturbine tsa khase ho hlahisa mouoane le ho kganna diturbine tsa mouoane, ka hona e eketsa bokgoni bohle haholo.
– Ho futhumatsa metsi a fepang a inchafatsang ka har'a liturbine tsa mouoane: ho sebelisa ho ntša mouoane ho futhumatsa metsi a fepang ka boiler, ho eketsa katleho ea potoloho ea Rankine.
– Ntlafatso ea sistimi ea ho pholisa: litora tse pholisang tse sebetsang hantle, lipompo le li-condenser li tla eketsa tlhahiso ea netweke.
– Tšebeliso ea li-drive tse fetohang lebelo (VSD) lipompong le lifeneng: e fokotsa tšebeliso ea motlakase o thusang e le hore katleho ea tlhahiso e hloekileng e eketsehe.
Bokgoni hangata boa eketseha eseng feela hobane turbine e betere, empa hape le hobane tshebediso ya motlakase e thusang e fokotsehile.
8. Lintlafatso tsa Theknoloji le Ntlafatso
Haeba turbine e se e ntse e sebetsa ka nako e telele, ho lokisa hape e ka ba khetho e theko e tlase ha e bapisoa le ho nkela yuniti sebaka. Mohlala:
– Ho nkela di-blade tsa moloko o motjha sebaka ka profil e sebetsang hantle haholoanyane.
– Ntlafatsa sistimi ea taolo ea tiiso le ho tlosa litšila.
– Ntlafatso ea litsamaiso le lisebelisoa bakeng sa ntlafatso ea nako ea sebele.
– Ntlafatso tsamaisong ea ho tuka (turbine ea khase) joalo ka licheso tse nang le NOx e tlase tse bolokang ts'ebetso e ntle.
Ho lokisa ho nepahetseng ho ka tsosolosa kapa ha ntlafatsa tshebetso ho feta motheo, ha feela ho tsamaisana le dithuto tsa boenjiniere le tlhahlobo ya bokgoni.
Qetello
Maano a bokgoni dienjeneng tsa turbine a ke ke a itshetleha ka tekanyo e le nngwe. Bokgoni ke sephetho sa mokgwa o akaretsang o kenyeletsang moralo o nepahetseng, taolo ya boemo ba mokelikeli o sebetsang, tshebetso e batlang e le ntle ka ho fetisisa, tlhokomelo e itshetlehileng maemong, phokotso ya ditshila, le kopanyo ya sistimi ya tshehetso. Ha e le hantle, motswako o sebetsang ka ho fetisisa wa maano o itshetlehile ka mofuta wa turbine, dilemo tsa disebediswa, dibopeho tsa mojaro, le maemo a tikoloho.
Ka ho kenya tshebetsong maano ana ka mehla, dikhamphani di ka rua molemo ho bolokeng ditjeo tsa mafura, ho eketsa tshepahalo, ho fokotseha ha nako ya ho se sebetse, le monehelo o moholo phokotsong ya mosi o tswang diphaepheng le botsitsong ba matla. Qetellong, bokgoni ba turbine ha se taba ya botekgeniki feela, empa ke letsete la nako e telele tlholisanong ya diindasteri le ho tiiseng tsamaiso ya matla.
