Ho Sebelisa Li-Constant tsa Tekano Lipalong
Pendahuluan
Tekanyo ea lik'hemik'hale ke khopolo ea motheo k'hemistring e hlalosang boemo boo liketso tsa pele le tse khutlelang morao li etsahalang ka lebelo le le leng, e le hore mahloriso a li-reactant le lihlahisoa a lule a tsitsitse ha nako e ntse e ea. E 'ngoe ea litsela tse ka sehloohong tsa ho utloisisa tekano ke ka ho sebelisa tekanyo e sa fetoheng (K).
Sehlooho sena se tla hlahloba tšebeliso ea tekanyo e sa fetoheng ea equilibrium lipalo ka botebo. Re tla akaretsa mokhoa oa ho bala K, mokhoa oa ho e sebelisa lipalo tsa mahloriso a equilibrium, le kamoo lintlha tsa kantle li ka amang tekano.
Ho Utloisisa Tekano e sa Feleng
Sephetho sa tekano, K, ke nomoro e bontshang boemo ba tekano ba karabelo ya dikhemikhale. Ke karolelano ya mahloriso a dihlahiswa ho mahloriso a di-reactant, e nngwe le e nngwe e phahamisitswe ho ya matleng a tsamaellanang le coefficient ya yona ya stoichiometric ho equation ya dikhemikhale.
Mohlala, bakeng sa karabelo:
\[aA + bB \rightleftharpoons cC + dD\]
Nako e sa fetoheng ea tekano ke:
\[K = \frac{[C]^c [D]^d}{[A]^a [B]^b}\]
Mona, \([A]\), \([B]\), \([C]\), le \([D]\) ke mahloriso a tekano ya di-reactant le dihlahiswa, ha \(a\), \(b\), \(c\), le \(d\) e le di-coefficient tsa ntho ka nngwe karabelong.
Ho Bala Tekano e sa Feleng
Ho bala K, re hloka mahloriso a dintho tse leka-lekaneng. Mohlala, bakeng sa karabelo e fetileng ya kgopolo-taba, haeba re tseba mahloriso a A, B, C, le D a leka-lekaneng, re ka nkela boleng bona sebaka bakeng sa K.
Contoh:
A re re re na le karabelo e latelang mochesong o itseng:
\[2SO_2(g) + O_2(g) \rightleftharpoons 2SO_3(g)\]
Haeba re le tekatekano re na le:
\[[SO_2] = 0.2 \, \mongolo{M}\]
\[[O_2] = 0.1 \, \mongolo{M}\]
\[[SO_3] = 0.4 \, \mongolo{M}\]
Sekhahla sa tekano se tla balwa ka tsela e latelang:
\[K = \frac{[SO_3]^2}{[SO_2]^2 [O_2]} = \frac{(0.4)^2}{(0.2)^2 (0.1)} = \frac{0.16}{0.004} = 40\]
Ho Sebelisa K ho Bolela Pele Mahloriso
Hang ha boleng ba K bo se bo tsejwa, re ka bo sebedisa ho fumana hore na ntho e na le bokae tsamaisong ya tekano.
Contoh:
Nahana ka karabelo:
\[H_2(g) + I_2(g) \rightleftharpoons 2HI(g)\]
Ka \(K = 50\) le karabelo e qalang ka mahloriso a pele:
\[[H_2] = 1.0 \, \mongolo{M}\]
\[[I_2] = 1.0 \, \mongolo{M}\]
\[[HI] = 0 \, \mongolo{M}\]
A re fumaneng mahloriso a dintho nakong ya ho leka-lekana.
Taba ea pele, hlalosa phetoho ea mahloriso ha tekano e fihlelleha. E re \(x\) e be molarity ea H_2 le I_2 tse arabelang, ebe:
Ka tekano:
\[[H_2] = 1.0 – x\]
\[[I_2] = 1.0 – x\]
\[[HI] = 2x\]
Sebelisa K ho haha equation ea tekano:
\[K = \frac{[HI]^2}{[H_2][I_2]} = 50\]
\[\frac{(2x)^2}{(1.0 – x)(1.0 – x)} = 50\]
\[ \frac{4x^2}{(1.0 – x)^2} = 50\]
\[4x^2 = 50(1.0 – x)^2\]
\[4x^2 = 50(1.0 – 2x + x^2)\]
\[4x^2 = 50 – 100x + 50x^2\]
Hlophisa bocha ho theha equation ea quadratic:
\[50x^2 – 4x^2 – 100x + 50 = 0\]
\[46x^2 – 100x + 50 = 0\]
Sebelisa foromo ea quadratic ho rarolla \(x\):
\[x = \frac{-b \pm \sqrt{b^2 – 4ac}}{2a}\]
Ka \(a = 46\), \(b = -100\), le \(c = 50\):
\[x = \frac{100 \pm \sqrt{10000 – 9200}}{92}\]
\[x = \frac{100 \pm \sqrt{800}}{92}\]
\[x = \frac{100 \pm 28.28}{92}\]
\[x = \frac{128.28}{92} \text{ or } x = \frac{71.72}{92}\]
\[x = 1.395 \mongolo{ kapa } x = 0.779\]
Tharollo \(x = 0.779\) ke yona feela e sebetsang hobane mahloriso a ke ke a feta mahloriso a pele.
Kahoo mahloriso a tekano e ba:
\[[H_2] = 1.0 – 0.779 = 0.221 \, \mongolo{M}\]
\[[I_2] = 1.0 – 0.779 = 0.221 \, \mongolo{M}\]
\[[HI] = 2(0.779) = 1.558 \, \mongolo{M}\]
Tšusumetso ea Lintlha tsa Tikoloho
Mabaka a kang mocheso, khatello le mahloriso a ka ama tekano. Molao-motheo oa Le Chatelier o thusa ho bolela esale pele hore na sistimi e leka-lekaneng e tla arabela joang liphetohong tsa kantle:
1. Phetoho ea Mahloriso: Ho eketsa kapa ho tlosa e 'ngoe ea li-reactant kapa lihlahisoa ho tla etsa hore sistimi e tsamaee ho tsosolosa tekano ho latela K.
2. Liphetoho Khatellong: Mekhoa e nang le khase e tla leka ho fokotsa kapa ho eketsa khatello ka ho fetola palo ea limolek'hule tsa khase.
3. Phetoho ea Mocheso: K e tla fetoha haeba mocheso o fetoloa. Bakeng sa liketso tsa endothermic (ho monya mocheso), keketseho ea mocheso e tla eketsa K, ha bakeng sa liketso tsa exothermic (ho lokolla mocheso), keketseho ea mocheso e tla fokotsa K.
Qetello
Sephetho sa tekano ke sesebelisoa sa bohlokoa ho sekasekeng le ho bolela esale pele boitšoaro ba lik'hemik'hale ho tekano. Ka kutloisiso e ntle ea K, re ka bala boemo ba tekano le ho utloisisa tšusumetso ea lintlha tsa kantle ho likarabelo tsa tekano. Ho sebelisa melao-motheo ena ho re lumella ho laola likarabelo tsa lik'hemik'hale maemong a fapaneng a indasteri le a laboratori.
