Ho Bala Perimithara ea Parallelogram
Parallelogram ke setšoantšo se bataletseng se atisang ho fumanoa lithutong tsa lipalo, haholo-holo jiometri. Sebopeho sa sona se bonoa habonolo hobane se na le lipara tse peli tsa mahlakore a bapileng. Le hoja se bonahala se le bonolo, parallelogram e na le mohopolo oa bohlokoa o thusang lipalo tse ngata, joalo ka ho bala moeli le sebaka. Bophelong ba letsatsi le letsatsi, mohopolo oa potoloho ea parallelogram o ka sebelisoa litlhoko tse fapaneng, joalo ka ho bala bolelele ba foreimi, terata, moralo oa paterone ea fatše, kapa litlhoko tsa thepa tse latelang sebopeho se itseng se sekametseng. Sengoloa sena se tla tšohla mokhoa oa ho bala moeli oa parallelogram ka ho hlaka, o tsamaeang le tlhaloso ea mohopolo, foromo le mathata a mohlala bakeng sa kutloisiso e bonolo.
Ho Tseba Li-Paralelogram
Pele re bala perimeter, re hloka ho utloisisa hore na parallelogram ke eng. Parallelogram ke quadrilateral (mahlakore a mane) e nang le lipara tse peli tsa mahlakore a bapileng. Ntle le ho ba a bapileng, mahlakore a fapaneng le 'ona a lekana ka bolelele. Sena se bolela hore haeba re ngola mahlakore a parallelogram e le holimo, tlase, ka letsohong le letšehali le ka ho le letona, joale lehlakore le ka holimo le bolelele bo lekanang le lehlakore le ka tlase, 'me lehlakore le ka letsohong le letšehali le bolelele bo lekanang le lehlakore le letona.
Tšobotsi e 'ngoe ea parallelogram ke hore likhutlo tsa eona tse fapaneng lia lekana. Haeba sekhutlo se ka tlase se letšehali e le likhato tse 60, joale sekhutlo se ka holimo se letona le sona ke likhato tse 60. Ho sa le joalo, likhutlo tse haufi li lula li eketseha ho fihlela likhato tse 180. Leha likhutlo tsena li le bohlokoa ho jiometri, ho bala potoloho, re tsepamisa maikutlo haholoanyane boleleleng ba mahlakore.
Sekoti ke eng?
Perimeter ke kakaretso ea bolelele ba mahlakore 'ohle a setšoantšo se bataletseng. Ka mantsoe a mang, haeba re tsamaea ho potoloha moeli oa setšoantšo, sebaka se tsamauoang ke selikalikoe. Khopolo ena e sebetsa ho litšoantšo tsohle tse bataletseng, ho kenyeletsoa likhutlotharo, lisekoere, likhutlonnetsepa, li-trapezoid le li-parallelogram.
Ka parallelogram, kaha mahlakore a fapaneng a lekana, ho bala perimeter ho bonolo haholoanyane. Ha ho hlokahale hore re kenye mahlakore a mane a fapaneng; ho e-na le hoo, re eketsa mahlakore a mabeli a haufi ebe re atisa ka a mabeli.
Foromo ea Perimithara ea Parallelogram
A re re parallelogram e na le:
– Bolelele ba motheo = a
– Bolelele ba hypotenuse (kapa lehlakore) = b
Hobane mahlakore a fapaneng a bolelele bo lekanang, joale:
– Lehlakore le ka hodimo = a
– Lehlakore le ka tlase = a
– Lehlakore le letšehali = b
– Lehlakore le letona = b
Kahoo, moeli oa parallelogram ke:
K = a + b + a + b
Haeba e nolofalitsoe:
K = 2a + 2b
kapa
K = 2(a + b)
Ke foromo ea motheo bakeng sa potoloho ea parallelogram. Foromo ena e bonolo haholo ho e sebelisa ha feela u tseba bolelele ba mahlakore a mabeli a fapaneng: motheo le lehlakore le ka thoko.
Mehato ea ho Bala Selikalikoe
Ho etsa hore palo e hlophisitsoe haholoanyane, mehato ke ena:
1. Hlalosa motheo (a)
Hangata motheo ke lehlakore le sebelisoang e le "motheo" setšoantšong, empa ha e le hantle lehlakore lefe kapa lefe e ka ba motheo ha feela le tsitsitse.
2. Hlalosa lehlakore (b)
Lehlakore ke lehlakore le bapileng le motheo, hangata le sekame.
3. Sebelisa foromo K = 2(a + b)
Kenya a le b pele, ebe o atisa sephetho ka 2.
4. Ngola diyuniti ka nepo
Haeba lehlakore le le ka cm, joale sedikadikwe le sona se ka cm; haeba le le ka limithara, joale sephetho se ka limithara.
Lipotso tsa Mehlala le Puisano
Mohlala oa 1
Parallelogram e na le motheo oa 12 cm le lehlakore la 7 cm. Bala potoloho ea eona.
Tharollo:
– a = 12 cm
– b = 7 cm
Ho potoloha:
– K = 2(a + b)
– K = 2(12 + 7)
– K = 2(19)
– K = 38 cm
Kahoo, perimeter ea parallelogram ke 38 cm.
Mohlala oa 2
Paralelogram e na le mahlakore a bapileng a bolelele ba limithara tse 15 le limithara tse 9. Moeli oa eona ke ofe?
Tharollo:
– a = 15 m
– b = 9 m
Ho potoloha:
– K = 2(15 + 9)
– K = 2(24)
– K = 48 m
Kahoo, sedikadikwe ke 48 m.
Mohlala oa 3 (Bothata ba Pale)
Serapa se bōpehileng joaloka parallelogram se na le bolelele ba motheo ba limithara tse 20 le bolelele ba lehlakore ba limithara tse 13. Mong'a serapa o batla ho kenya terata ho potoloha serapa. Ho hlokahala limithara tse kae tsa terata?
Tharollo:
Kaha terata e kentsoe ho potoloha serapa, bolelele ba terata bo tšoana le moeli oa serapa.
– a = 20 m
– b = 13 m
Ho potoloha:
– K = 2(20 + 13)
– K = 2(33)
– K = 66 m
Kahoo, terata e hlokahalang ke limithara tse 66.
Liphoso tse Tloaelehileng ha ho baloa potoloho ea Parallelogram
Leha mokhoa ona o le bonolo, liphoso tse ling li atisa ho hlaha, mohlala:
1. Ho sebelisa bophahamo ba hypotenuse
Baithuti ba bangata ba ferekanya bophahamo ba parallelogram le lehlakore la parallelogram. Bophahamo bo sebediswa ho bala sebaka, eseng perimeter. Perimeter e hloka bolelele ba lehlakore, eseng bophahamo, ntle le haeba bophahamo bo lekana le lehlakore (nyeoe e ikgethang).
2. Eketsa motheo le bophahamo
Foromo ea selika-likoe ha se 2(botlaase + bophahamo), empa ke 2(botlaase + lehlakore).
3. Ke lebetse ho atisa ka 2
Ho na le bao ba eketsang a + b feela ntle le ho atisa ka 2, kahoo sephetho ke halofo feela ea selikalikoe.
4. Yuniti e fosahetseng
Haeba mahlakore a kopane ka cm le m, liphetho li tla ba tse sa nepahalang. Etsa bonnete ba hore bolelele bohle bo yuniti e le 'ngoe pele o bala.
Malebela a Potlakileng a ho Hopola Liforomo
Tsela e bonolo ea ho e hopola ke:
Sekhutlo sa parallelogram se tšoana le sekhutlo sa khutlonnetsepa ha se shejoa ho tsoa pateroneng ea "lipara tse peli tsa mahlakore a lekanang". Kahoo, hopola feela:
Perimithara = 2 × (lehlakore le lelelele + lehlakore le lekgutshwane)
Ka parallelogram, "lehlakore le lelelele" hangata ke motheo, 'me "lehlakore le lekhutšoanyane" ke lehlakore le ka thoko (kapa ka tsela e fapaneng, ho latela boholo). Ntlha ke hore mahlakore a mabeli a bapile.
Ho koala
Ho bala perimeter ea parallelogram ke tsebo ea bohlokoa ea motheo ea jeometri. Hobane parallelogram e na le lipara tse peli tsa mahlakore a bapileng a bolelele bo lekanang, foromo ea perimeter ea eona e bonolo: P = 2(a + b). Ka ho tseba bolelele ba motheo le mahlakore a mahlakoreng, re ka bala perimeter kapele le ka nepo. Ka mehlala le lipuisano, re boetse re ithuta ho qoba liphoso tse tloaelehileng tse kang ho sebelisa bophahamo e le hypotenuse. Re tšepa hore sengoloa sena se u thusa ho utloisisa mohopolo oa perimeter ea parallelogram 'me se ka e sebelisa mathateng a lipalo le litlhoko tsa letsatsi le letsatsi.
Haeba o batla, nka boela ka etsa dipotso tse ding tsa ho ikwetlisa tse nang le dinotlolo tsa dikarabo ho tebisa kutlwisiso ya hao ya perimeter ya parallelogram.
