Khopolo-taba ea Tšusumetso Tsamaisong ea Lisebelisoa tsa Batho
Tšusumetso ke karolo ea bohlokoa tsamaisong ea basebetsi (HRM), e susumetsang ts'ebetso ea motho ka mong le ea mokhatlo. Likhopolo-taba tse fapaneng tsa tšusumetso li ntlafalitsoe ho utloisisa lintlha tse susumetsang basebetsi ho sebetsa ka katleho le ka boqhetseke. Sengoloa sena se tla tšohla likhopolo-taba tse 'maloa tsa bohlokoa tsa tšusumetso ho HRM, ho kenyeletsoa khopolo-taba ea litlhoko tsa Maslow, khopolo-taba ea lintlha tse peli ea Herzberg, khopolo-taba ea tebello ea Vroom, le khopolo-taba ea matlafatso ea Skinner.
Khopolo-taba ea Maslow ea Litlhoko
Khopolo-taba ea Abraham Maslow ea ho susumetsa ke e 'ngoe ea tse tsebahalang haholo thutong ea kelello le tsamaisong ea lisebelisoa tsa batho. Maslow o ile a etsa tlhahiso ea hore batho ba na le tatellano ea litlhoko tse lokelang ho finyelloa, ho tloha ho ea motheo ho isa ho e tsoetseng pele ka ho fetisisa. Hangata tatellano ena ea maemo e hlalosoa e le piramide:
1. Litlhoko tsa 'mele: Tsena ke litlhoko tsa motheo ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa ho phela, tse kang ho ja, ho noa, ho robala le ho ikatisa.
2. Litlhoko tsa Polokeho: Hang ha litlhoko tsa 'mele li finyelloa, batho ba tla batla polokeho ea 'mele le ea maikutlo, ho kenyeletsoa le tšireletso litšokelong le botsitsong ba mosebetsi.
3. Litlhoko tsa Sechaba: Batho ba na le tlhoko ea ho sebelisana le batho ba bang, ho kenyeletsoa botsoalle, lerato le ho khomarela sehlopha.
4. Ela Hloko Litlhoko: Hang ha litlhoko tsa sechaba li finyelloa, batho ba tla batla kananelo le kananelo ho ba bang, ho kenyeletsoa le ho itšepa le ho itšepa.
5. Litlhoko tsa ho Itlhahisa: Ena ke ntlha e ka sehloohong ea maemo a Maslow a litlhoko, moo batho ka bomong ba loanelang ho fihlela bokhoni ba bona bo felletseng le ho itlhokomela.
Moelelong oa tsamaiso ea HR, baetapele ba mekhatlo ba hloka ho utloisisa moo basebetsi ba bona ba oelang ka har'a maemo ana a litlhoko ho fana ka khothatso e loketseng. Mohlala, haeba basebetsi ba bangata ba le boemong ba litlhoko tsa sechaba, mananeo a ho aha sehlopha le mesebetsi ea sechaba e ka ba litsela tse sebetsang tsa ho eketsa khothatso ea bona.
Khopolo-taba ea Herzberg ea Lintlha Tse Pedi
Frederick Herzberg o qapile khopolo-taba ea lintlha tse peli, e tsejoang hape e le khopolo-taba ea khothatso le bohloeki. Herzberg o hlwaile lihlopha tse peli tsa lintlha tse susumetsang khothatso ea mosebetsi: lintlha tse susumetsang le lintlha tsa bohloeki.
1. Mabaka a Susumetsang: Mabaka ana a simoloha ka hare ho mosebetsi ka booona mme a kenyelletsa dikarolo tse kang katleho, kananelo, mosebetsi ka booona, boikarabelo le menyetla ya kgolo. Mabaka ana a ka eketsa kgotsofalo ya mosebetsi haeba a le teng.
2. Mabaka a Bohloeki: Mabaka ana a amana le tikoloho ea mosebetsi 'me a kenyelletsa likarolo tse kang maano a k'hamphani, tlhokomelo, likamano tsa batho, maemo a mosebetsi le moputso. Haeba lintlha tsena li sa lekana, li ka lebisa ho se khotsofale mosebetsing, empa boteng ba tsona ha bo hlile ha bo eketse khotsofalo ea mosebetsi.
Ha e kenngwa tshebetsong, balaodi ba HR ba tlameha ho netefatsa hore dintlha tsa bohloeki di a fihlellwa ho thibela ho se kgotsofale, ha ka nako e ts'oanang ba boetse ba tsepamisitse maikutlo ho ntlafatseng dintlha tse susumetsang ho eketsa kgotsofalo le khothatso ya basebetsi.
Khopolo-taba ea Tebello ea Vroom
Victor Vroom o qapile khopolo-taba ea tebello, e shebaneng le kamano pakeng tsa litebello tsa motho ka mong le boemo ba boiteko boo a bo etsang. Khopolo-taba ena e thehiloe likarolong tse tharo tse kholo:
1. Tebello: Tumelo ea hore boiteko bo entsoeng bo tla fella ka ts'ebetso e itseng.
2. Sesebediswa: Tumelo ya hore tshebetso e itseng e tla hlahisa sephetho kapa moputso o itseng.
3. Valence: Boleng kapa bohlokoa ba sephetho kapa moputso ho motho ka mong.
Foromo ea motheo ea khopolo ea tebello ke:
\[ \text{Tšusumetso} = \text{Tebello} \times \text{Instrumentality} \times \text{Valence} \]
Khopolo-taba ena e fana ka maikutlo a hore khothatso ke mosebetsi oa likarolo tsohle tse tharo. Tsamaisong ea basebetsi, ho bohlokoa hore batsamaisi ba netefatse hore basebetsi ba lumela hore boiteko ba bona bo tla putsoa, hore ts'ebetso e phahameng e tla ananeloa, le hore liphetho kapa meputso eo ba e fumanang e na le bohlokoa.
Khopolo-taba ea Matlafatso ea Skinner
B.F. Skinner o qapile khopolo-taba ea ho matlafatsa e thehiloeng melao-motheong ea ho ithuta ka boitšoaro. Khopolo-taba ena e bolela hore boitšoaro bo matlafatsoa ka liphello tse ntle kapa tse mpe. Ho na le mefuta e mene e meholo ea ho matlafatsa:
1. Matlafatso e Ntle: Ho fana ka moputso kapa moputso ka mora hore boitshwaro bo lakatsehang bo etsahale ho eketsa monyetla wa hore boitshwaro bo phetoe.
2. Matlafatso e Fosahetseng: Ho tlosa boemo bo sa thabiseng kapa bo otlang ka lebaka la boitšoaro bo lakatsehang e le ho eketsa boitšoaro boo.
3. Kotlo: Ho fana ka sephetho se sa thabiseng ho fokotsa monyetla oa boitšoaro bo sa rateheng.
4. Ho Fela: Ho tlosa matlafatso a neng a filoe pele, e le hore boitšoaro bo sa batleheng bo se ke ba etsahala khafetsa kapa bo nyamele.
Batsamaisi ba HR ba sebelisang khopolo-taba ea ho matlafatsa ba ka eketsa khothatso ea basebetsi ka ho fana ka meputso e loketseng bakeng sa boitšoaro bo lakatsehang le ho fokotsa matlafatso bakeng sa boitšoaro bo sa rateheng.
Tšebeliso ea Khopolo-taba ea Tšusumetso Tsamaisong ea Lisebelisoa tsa Batho
Ho sebelisa likhopolo-taba tsena tsa khothatso tsamaisong ea HR ho hloka kutloisiso e tebileng le mokhoa o lumellanang le setso sa mokhatlo le litlhoko tsa basebetsi ka bomong. Mehato e meng eo u ka e nkang ke ena:
1. Tlhahlobo ea Litlhoko: Ho etsa tlhahlobo ea litlhoko tsa basebetsi ho utloisisa boemo ba bona ka tatellano ea litlhoko tsa Maslow. Sena se ka etsoa ka lipatlisiso, lipuisano le ho shebella ka kotloloho.
2. Tikoloho le Setso sa Mosebetsi: Ho theha tikoloho e ntle ea mosebetsi ka ho nahana ka lintlha tsa bohloeki joalo ka ha ho totobalitsoe khopolo-taba ea Herzberg ea lintlha tse peli.
3. Ho Tsitsisa le ho Loka: Ho netefatsa hore maano a ho matlafatsa a kenngwa tshebetsong ka ho tsitsitseng le ka toka ho tshehetsa kgopolo ya ho matlafatsa ya Skinner. Basebetsi ba lokela ho ikutlwa hore meputso le dikotlo di itshetlehile tshebetsong e se nang leeme.
4. Kananelo le Meputso: Fana ka kananelo le meputso bakeng sa katleho ea basebetsi ho latela khopolo-taba ea Herzberg ea lintlha tse peli le khopolo-taba ea tebello ea Vroom.
5. Menyetla ea Nts'etsopele: Ho fana ka koetliso e lekaneng le menyetla ea nts'etsopele ea mosebetsi ho tšehetsa ts'ebetso ea ho itlhahisa ha basebetsi joalo ka ha ho hlahisitsoe ke khopolo-taba ea Maslow.
6. Puisano e Atlehang: Ho aha metjha e atlehang ya puisano e le hore basebetsi ba ikutlwe ba utlwisisehile mme bophelo ba bona ba maikutlo bo bolokwe, ho ya ka ditlhoko tsa kahisano tse maemong a Maslow.
Qetello
Khothatso ea basebetsi ke karolo ea bohlokoa e susumetsang ts'ebetso ea mokhatlo le katleho. Ka ho sebelisa likhopolo-taba tse fapaneng tsa khothatso, joalo ka khopolo-taba ea Maslow ea litlhoko, khopolo-taba ea lintlha tse peli ea Herzberg, khopolo-taba ea tebello ea Vroom, le khopolo-taba ea matlafatso ea Skinner, batsamaisi ba HR ba ka theha maano a khothatso a sebetsang le a amanang le maemo. Kahoo, mekhatlo e ka finyella lipheo tsa eona ka katleho e kholoanyane ka basebetsi ba khothatso le ba ikemiselitseng haholo.
